Sara Hashemi
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 has become an important pharmacological target in anticancer therapy due to the over expression of COX 2 in pathological conditions. Wilms’ tumor is a common kidney cancer in children which has shown an increase in COX 2 enzyme level. Here we reviewed various articles that considered ...
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Cyclooxygenase 2 has become an important pharmacological target in anticancer therapy due to the over expression of COX 2 in pathological conditions. Wilms’ tumor is a common kidney cancer in children which has shown an increase in COX 2 enzyme level. Here we reviewed various articles that considered the cyclooxygenase 2 changes specifically in Wilms’ tumor regarding the mechanisms of action and inhibitors of COX 2.
Samaneh Solltani; Masoumeh Mirteimouri; Ameneh Movahedian; Nushin Chalakinia
Abstract
Postpartum hemorrhage is among the leading causes of maternal mortality throughout the world. Severe blood loss contributes to the increased blood transfusion risk with its concerned inherent adverse events and therefore increased rate of emergency re-operative interventions such as arterial ligation ...
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Postpartum hemorrhage is among the leading causes of maternal mortality throughout the world. Severe blood loss contributes to the increased blood transfusion risk with its concerned inherent adverse events and therefore increased rate of emergency re-operative interventions such as arterial ligation or hysterectomy. It also can lead to protracted anemia, particularly in low or median income countries. Extended application of antifibrinolytic agents such as tranexamic acid has been customary for long years to stop or reduce blood loss in postpartum period. However, there are not enough reliable evidence to approve the real efficacy of these drugs. In this brief and summary review, we pointed to a few conducted studies. The PubMed was searched for keyword including postpartum hemorrhage, tranexamic acid, cesarean section, vaginal delivery, and blood loss prevention. The articles with language other than English were excluded from our review. We concluded that more convincing information is needed to determine the precise effects of tranexamic acid, and its benefits against adverse effects.
Navid Nourizadeh; Akram Adabizadeh
Abstract
Introduction: There are many internal and external factors that are considered as the main causes of nasal infections and inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) leading to polyposis. It is suggested that bacterial and fungal elements have an important role in the development of these diseases. ...
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Introduction: There are many internal and external factors that are considered as the main causes of nasal infections and inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) leading to polyposis. It is suggested that bacterial and fungal elements have an important role in the development of these diseases. Method: Scopus and PubMed were searched thoroughly on 1 February 2015 with the following search terms: (fungal biofilms) AND (nasal polyposis) to find the articles in which the prevalence of fungal biofilms had been evaluated in patients with nasal polyposis. Only English language articles with no time limitation were included in this study.Result: Of 48 records found by initial search, only 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data showed that the presence of biofilms is associated with nasal polyposis in 110 of 303 patients and 13 of controls.Discussion: The results of studies confirm that the fungal biofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.Conclusions: According to the results of included studies, there is a close association between the presence of fungal biofilm and different types of nasal disorders including nasal polyposis.
kiarash Ghazvini; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluated the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s ...
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The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluated the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s p-value test (18). There were 7 studies met our criteria. These studies were conducted during 2003-2019 in Korea, Japan, United states, China, and Portugal. We evaluated data of 8,068 cases. H. pylori infection was confirmed by ELISA and UBT in these eligible studies (Table 1). The frequency of gastric cancer in habitual high salt intakes with positive H. pylori infection was significantly greater than those preference salty food with negative H. pylori infection (Chi-square: 5.33; p-value: 0.02). Our results suggested that there is a positive association between high salt intake and risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori infected-individuals (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15; p-value: 0.04; I2: 83.6; Q-value: 36.6; Begg’s p-value: 0.13; Egger’s p-value: 0.25) (Fig. 1).
Gastric cancer is one of the top cause of cancer-related death in the world (1). Unfortunately, gastric cancer has a poor-prognosis and untreated early gastric cancer lesions will progress to advanced gastric cancer during 4-5 years (2). Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with multifactorial causes including socio-economic status, diet, environmental condition, genetic polymorphism as well as infectious agents particularly chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori (3). In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced that H. pylori is considered as class I carcinogens and etiologic cause of human gastric cancer (4). However, a high rate of H. pylori infection in areas with a low incidence of gastric cancer remains an enigma (5). It has been suggested that H. pylori infection alone cannot cause gastric cancer without synergistic effects of lifestyle, diet, etc (6-7). On the other hand, there is evidence that dietary salt has an association with gastric adenocarcinoma (8-9). Therefore, it may that H. pylori infection and high salt intakes have synergistic effects in the development of gastric cancer. the previous studies reveal that salt cause upregulation of H. pylori cagA gene during in vitro experiments (10). We performed a comprehensive literature search in several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar using search terms consisting “Helicobacter pylori”, “Salt”, “Gastric cancer”, “Dietary” and “Salt intake” without limitation in time and language. The potential relevant documents were evaluated and the required data such as first author, publication year, country, total cases, the frequency of high salt intake among H. pylori-infected cases with gastric cancer or odds ratio corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), and H. pylori diagnostic test were summarized in Table 1. The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluate the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s p-value test (18). There were 7 case-control studies that met our criteria. These studies were conducted during 2003-2019 in Korea, Japan, United states, China, and Portugal. We evaluated data of 8,068 cases. H. pylori infection was confirmed by ELISA and UBT in these eligible studies (Table 1). The sodium concentration was assessed by history, urinary sodium, as well as Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in these studies.The frequency of gastric cancer in habitual high salt intakes with positive H. pylori infection was significantly greater than those who preference salty food with negative H. pylori infection (Chi-square: 5.33; p-value: 0.02). Our results suggested that there is a positive association between high salt intake and risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori infected-individuals (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15; p-value: 0.04; I2: 83.6; Q-value: 36.6; Begg’s p-value: 0.13; Egger’s p-value: 0.25) (Fig 1). Tsugane et al, 2004 were suggested that there is a significant relation between salt intake and the subsequent risk of gastric cancer in a Japanese population (19). In addition, Ge et al., 2012 provided a systematic review to show the association between Habitual dietary salt intake and risk of developing to gastric cancer using 11 retrospective single-center studies (20).
Akbar Derakhshan; Alireza Eslampour; Esmaeil Safinezhad; Samira Hasanzadeh
Abstract
Introduction:Bevacizumab (Avastin), as an effectiveness treatment modality, is currently used in patients with various ocular disease. However the results have been promising, the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of ocular disease is an off-label application. Hence, the aim of this study was to systematically ...
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Introduction:Bevacizumab (Avastin), as an effectiveness treatment modality, is currently used in patients with various ocular disease. However the results have been promising, the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of ocular disease is an off-label application. Hence, the aim of this study was to systematically review the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab on various ocular tissues, especially corneal endothelial cells. Methods: The articles related to the effect of application of Avastin in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and especially its effect on corneal endothelial cells were collected and reviewed. We searched PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus databases and used Avastin, ocular diseases and corneal endothelial cells as search keywords.Result: Of all 55 articles found in all databases, only 10 were relevant to the purpose of this study, and 45 articles were excluded in several step by step process of article selection according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The results revealed that intracameral bevacizumab injection caused no changes in specular microscopy and corneal pachymetry. Moreover, it had no significant toxicity on corneal endothelial cells.Discussion: Effectiveness of bevacizumab as a new modality in the treatment of different ophthalmic diseases have been suggested. Recent data on both human and animal models showed that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab resulted in no significant toxicity on various ocular cells, and it could be considered as a suitable therapeutic approach in clinical use.Conclusion: According to the results of included documents, bevacizumab was not toxic to corneal endothelial cells at various clinically relevant doses.
Abolfazl Mahmoudzadeh; Yasamin Davoudi; Hossein Haghir; Maryam Salehi; Farah Ashrafzadeh; Behzad Aminzadeh; Sara Mehrnoosh; Mohammadreza Mehrnoosh
Abstract
Many children with hippocampal sclerosis underwent surgery for treatment. Early childhood convulsion occurs in 2 to 4% of population and its prognosis is good in majority of cases. It seems that hippocampal anomalies are common in patients with neocortical epilepsies. The theory of hippocampal sclerosis ...
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Many children with hippocampal sclerosis underwent surgery for treatment. Early childhood convulsion occurs in 2 to 4% of population and its prognosis is good in majority of cases. It seems that hippocampal anomalies are common in patients with neocortical epilepsies. The theory of hippocampal sclerosis association with temporal lobe epilepsy has been proposed 100 years ago. Recent studies demonstrated that there was a correlation between memory impairments and prolonged febrile convulsion (PFC), which might be a result of hippocampal injury. Transient hippocampus swelling might happen in complicated early childhood epilepsy or status epilepticus and result in hippocampal sclerosis.
Hossein Rahimi; Zahra Mazloum Khorasani; Saeedeh Shariati
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder presenting with anemia, elevated blood granulocytosis and the presence of immature granulocytes, basophilia, frequently thrombocytosis and spleen enlargement. The diagnosis is stabilized by hematopoietic stem cell expressing a fusion gene ...
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder presenting with anemia, elevated blood granulocytosis and the presence of immature granulocytes, basophilia, frequently thrombocytosis and spleen enlargement. The diagnosis is stabilized by hematopoietic stem cell expressing a fusion gene (BCR/ABL) resulted from translocation of 9 and 22 chromosomes. The products of this gene play a central role in developing chronic myelogenous leukemia including maintenance of chronicity and/or progress to accelerated phase and or blastic crisis. Imatinib is the first generated tyrosine kinase Inhibitor, which prevents ATP binding to a specific situation of tyrosine kinase molecules that are involved in phosphorylation of membranous proteins and activation of the pathways that are necessary for tumor cell survey and proliferation. Therefore, tyrosine kinase inhibitor inhibits signaling proteins, which are responsible for tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis and even metastasis. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitor are specific targeted-designed compounds, every agent interacts with many kinds of tyrosine kinases and produces many unwanted effects. One of the undesirable adverse effects is thyroid dysfunction. The first reported article about tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunction published in 2005 and since then few studies have demonstrated thyroid disturbances ranging from subclinical thyroid dysfunctions to overt clinically thyroid disorders during tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. This review attends to summarize only imatinib-induced thyroid disturbances in CML patients with positive Philadelphia chromosome in recent years.
Marzieh Rahimzadegan; Farshid Abedi; Seyed Abodolrahim Rezaei; Reza Ghadimi
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) is an ancient pathogen for human being but arising and recognized recently. The routes of transmission are vertical (mainly by breastfeeding), unsafe sexual contacts and through contaminated blood components specially in whom need frequent and repeated blood ...
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Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) is an ancient pathogen for human being but arising and recognized recently. The routes of transmission are vertical (mainly by breastfeeding), unsafe sexual contacts and through contaminated blood components specially in whom need frequent and repeated blood transfusions such as permanent anemia due to blood loss in hemophilia and major thalassemia. Patients who should undergo hemodialysis in their lifelong are another instance for increased risk of HTLV-1 exposure. The main HTLV-1-associated diseases are tropical spastic tetraparesis (HAM/TSP), an inflammatory myelopathy and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Although HTLV-1 is scattered around the world, only in endemic areas where prevalence rate is more than 1%, viral burden of infection have accumulated. Japan, Southern and Central parts of Africa, Caribbean basin and Iran are examples of endemic areas of HTLV-1. In this article, a rapid and brief review of HTLV-1 virology, immunology and pathogenesis have emerged. In addition, a short debate has driven about current statues of HTLV-1 in Iran.
Mahnaz Boroumand Rezazadeh
Abstract
Due to the important role of thyroid disorders on reproductive health of the women of childbearing age, pregnancy outcome, fetal health, and neurodevelopment of the infant, providing comprehensive assessment of the treatments used for preventing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism seems to be essential. ...
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Due to the important role of thyroid disorders on reproductive health of the women of childbearing age, pregnancy outcome, fetal health, and neurodevelopment of the infant, providing comprehensive assessment of the treatments used for preventing hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism seems to be essential. Therefore, evaluating the efficacy of different treatments of the thyroid disorders would be beneficial in better managing and controlling the disease during pregnancy. Hypothyroidism (a deficiency of thyroid hormone) is a common thyroid disorder, which might increase the incidence rate of miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, and preterm delivery. Hyperthyroidism, which is not a common disorder during the pregnancy not only leads to similar adverse effects as hypothyroidism but also can result in stillbirth and intrauterine growth restriction. Levothyroxine is the preferred treatment of hypothyroidism and the only drug therapy recommended for treating hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to briefly review the adverse effects of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during pregnancy and review the effects of recent suggested treatments for controlling thyroid disorders on pregnancy outcomes.
Fariba Rezaeetalab; Mahnaz Mozdourian
Abstract
Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder, which is associated with clinical manifestations such as liver dysfunction, psychological and neurological issues, and specific laboratory findings demonstrating the increased urinary excretion of copper and copper accumulation in the body. Wilson’s ...
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Wilson’s disease is a rare genetic disorder, which is associated with clinical manifestations such as liver dysfunction, psychological and neurological issues, and specific laboratory findings demonstrating the increased urinary excretion of copper and copper accumulation in the body. Wilson’s disease is occasionally presented by atypical features, which delay the diagnosis of this rare disorder. This study aimed to describe the case of a patient with pulmonary and portal hypertension as a primary manifestation of Wilson’s disease. A young male patient was admitted to the emergency department due to the deterioration of respiratory symptoms and overall weakness. The patient had a history of dyspnea and fatigue, which was diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. In the previous admission, the liver function test of the patient was not disrupted, and serum/urinary copper and ceruloplasmin levels were normal. In the current admission, the patient had elevated bilirubin and enzyme levels, as well as abnormal copper and ceruloplasmin levels. Moreover, portal hypertensive gastropathy and Kayser-Fleischer ring were detected in further investigations, confirming the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on Wilson’s disease initially presented with pulmonary and portal hypertension.
Mehrnaz Zarrini; Farokh Seilanian Toosi; Behroz Davachi; Sirous Nekooei
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is an exclusive imaging method which can distinguish injured tissues from the healthy tissues or organs without using ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging is able to provide quantitative data regarding the anatomical and physiological features of each specific organ. ...
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Magnetic resonance imaging is an exclusive imaging method which can distinguish injured tissues from the healthy tissues or organs without using ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging is able to provide quantitative data regarding the anatomical and physiological features of each specific organ. Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive method, but contrast agents are necessary to enhance the visualization of inaccessible organs in some organs such as gastrointestinal (GI) imaging. Various types of contrast agents have been used in studies including intravascular administration and oral materials. Oral contrast agents can be the artificial materials or natural factors. Natural contrast agents consist of fruit juice or pulps. Some advantages have been reported regarding the natural types of contrast agents over the artificial agents including better taste and tolerability. We briefly reviewed the different types of contrast agents and focused on the studies in which natural oral contrast agents used to investigate their efficacy in increasing the gastrointestinal magnetic resonance imaging clarity.
Shahaboddin Shabani; Navid Nourizadeh; Mohammadsaleh Soltankhah
Abstract
Thioredoxin system comprised of thiorexin and NADPH dependent thiorexin reductase, is responsible for redox regulation of cells by controlling the apoptosis, proliferation and other vital processes of cells. The efficacy of thioredoxin system has been represented in a wide range of physiological and ...
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Thioredoxin system comprised of thiorexin and NADPH dependent thiorexin reductase, is responsible for redox regulation of cells by controlling the apoptosis, proliferation and other vital processes of cells. The efficacy of thioredoxin system has been represented in a wide range of physiological and biological reactions in bacteria, yeast, plants, mammals and etc. including DNA synthesis, regulation of transcription factors, protein repairing, regulating the photosynthesis and controlling the apoptosis and preventing oxidative stresses, filamentous phage assembly, immune-modulating, neuronal survival, pregnancy and birth and many other physiological and biological functions. The up-regulation of thioredoxin has been observed in various malignancies, which was associated with tumor angiogenesis and development. In this regard, the thiordoxin system has become a putative target in new chemotherapeutic methods. In this study, we mentioned various features of thioredoxin system in malignant cells and reviewed the articles which have evaluated the expression rate of thioredoxin system in malignancies.
Neda Partovi; Homa Falsoleiman
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention is an option for the treatment of coronary artery disease such as acute coronary syndrome and stable angina.Acute coronary syndrome has two groups including acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina.Periprocedural myocardial infarction is a frequent and prognostically ...
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Percutaneous coronary intervention is an option for the treatment of coronary artery disease such as acute coronary syndrome and stable angina.Acute coronary syndrome has two groups including acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina.Periprocedural myocardial infarction is a frequent and prognostically important complication of percutaneous coronary intervention and can be easily monitored by measuring myocardial enzymes. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is associated with poor prognosis. Even after recanalization, reperfusion injury often occurs including no-reflow or slow-flow in which sufficient myocardial blood flow cannot be obtained and results in a poor outcome of cardiac function in the long term.Nicorandil is the opener of the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel and is known to have an antiarrhythmic effect and myocardial protective functions such as reduction of the coronary microvascular resistance by relaxing the smooth muscles of blood vessesl and preconditioning.In this literature review, we evaluate articles about acute coronary syndrome and stable angina undergoing PCI.
Mostafa Delshad; Azita Fesharakinia; Samaneh Eghbal
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) that can affect any part of the urinary tract and may subsequently lead to kidney infection is linked with variety of causative factors such as oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literatures to evaluate the effects of oxidative ...
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Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) that can affect any part of the urinary tract and may subsequently lead to kidney infection is linked with variety of causative factors such as oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literatures to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on UTI. Method: PubMed and Google scholar were searched systematically using the key terms, “oxidative stress” and “urinary tract infection” in the title, keywords, and abstract on February 2015 to find articles in which the oxidative stresses had been evaluated in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). Papers were excluded if they were unrelated to the purpose of this study, or in language other than English. Full texts of the relevant documents were fully reviewed for data extraction.Result: Of overall 50 articles from PubMed, and 6 records found in Google scholar, only 8 articles met the inclusion criteria for further assessment. Additionally, three papers were omitted due to full texts unavailability or language irrelevancy, and five articles, which fully met the inclusion criteria, were used for data extraction. The results showed that the level of antioxidant decreases significantly in patients with UTI, while the markers of oxidative stress increases.Conclusions: The results of the studies showed that the level of antioxidants decreases in patients with UTI, while lipid peroxidase and the level of oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species increase. These findings are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and UTI. The role of oxidative stress in pediatric urinary tract infections: a systematic review
Zhaleh Shariati Sarabi; Jalil Tavakol Afshari; Ali Ghassemi; Mehdi Yaghobi
Abstract
The most common disease in the aged population is osteoarthritis (OA) that is resulting in progressive dysfunction following isolated cartilage injuries, subchondral bone remodeling, tissue loss, marginal osteophytes, and loss of joint space. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells; ...
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The most common disease in the aged population is osteoarthritis (OA) that is resulting in progressive dysfunction following isolated cartilage injuries, subchondral bone remodeling, tissue loss, marginal osteophytes, and loss of joint space. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells; they are able to produce many or all joint tissues. Bone marrow and adipose tissue are rich sources of mesenchymal cells that are useful for the reconstruction of injured tissues such as bone, cartilage, or cardiac muscle. Recently, some studies have been performed on the use of the direct intra-articular injection of mononuclear cells (MNCs) and MSCs as potential therapeutic targets in OA. In this review, the history of MSCs in the treatment of OA are explained. Injection of Bone Marrow Aspirates Concentrate (BMAC) has significantly improved both joint pain and function in radiologic findings; some studies suggested that the injection would be even more effective in early to moderate phases of OA. Injection of MSCs in combination with growth factors may be better solution for the treatment.
Fereshteh Esmatinia; Mahdi bakhshaei
Abstract
Nasal polyposis is one of the chronic airway diseases, which affects the patient’s quality of life in different ways. There are various complications along with nasal polyposis, which might be cured by drug administration. Due to failure of pharmacotherapy effects, various surgical approaches might ...
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Nasal polyposis is one of the chronic airway diseases, which affects the patient’s quality of life in different ways. There are various complications along with nasal polyposis, which might be cured by drug administration. Due to failure of pharmacotherapy effects, various surgical approaches might be useful to resect the polyps with the possibility of polyposis recurrence after the surgery. In this study, we aimed to review different studies about the etiology and prevalence of recurrent nasal polyposis and the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery in reducing the incidence of recurrent nasal polyposis. We searched the PubMed and google scholar for the relevant articles. Based on the studied articles, there are various factors including the history of inflammatory diseases, the severity of polyposis, etc., which affect the long-term efficacy of surgical intervention.
Vahid Shojaee; Mostafa Dastani; Alireza Abdolahi; Hamid Reza Rahimi
Abstract
Cerebrovascular event is one of the important causes of death in the world. Carotid artery stenosis is one of main risk factors of cerebrovascular events. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are found in carotid artery stenosis. Thus, coincidence of coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis were ...
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Cerebrovascular event is one of the important causes of death in the world. Carotid artery stenosis is one of main risk factors of cerebrovascular events. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are found in carotid artery stenosis. Thus, coincidence of coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis were observed. In an individual with high risk of coronary artery plaque formation, peripheral artery stenosis is imaginable. Histological morphology and plaque formation in coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis are similar and they occur together most of the time. Although many similar findings were shown in coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis, carotid artery stenosis is associated with more severe stenosis compare with coronary artery disease. Carotid artery stenosis does not have exact similar biological activity with coronary artery disease.Some invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods are established for carotid artery stenosis detection.Same medical and surgical treatment techniques could be used for carotid artery stenosis management that vary due to patient-to-patient specific conditions.
Sheila Kianifar; Abdolreza Malek; Mohammad Ali kiani; Hamid Reza Goldouzi
Abstract
Erythema nodosum (EN) is a condition in which the skin suffers from oval-shaped and tender erythematous patches, mostly on the anterior region of the leg and sometimes other parts of the body, including the arms and affects subcutaneous adipose tissue. These patches are self-limiting and usually heal ...
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Erythema nodosum (EN) is a condition in which the skin suffers from oval-shaped and tender erythematous patches, mostly on the anterior region of the leg and sometimes other parts of the body, including the arms and affects subcutaneous adipose tissue. These patches are self-limiting and usually heal on their own within one to two weeks. This is a case report of a patient who is a 14-year-old boy complained of oval-shaped tender erythematous lesions on the legs of both legs and referred and was hospitalized 5 days ago. The patient continued to complain of pain in both thighs when standing and sitting. The patient developed a high fever upon admission. There was no history of the disease while we were taking his history. All laboratory tests were performed and rheumatic diseases and possible malignancies were evaluated and rejected. The patient was treated with the anti- naproxen, an inflammatory drug, and then the patient’s pain and fever decreased. However, the patient suffered from multiple ulcerative lesions in the mouth on the final day of hospitalization. Infectious counseling was performed and he was discharged with a diagnosis of EN in the context of oral herpes. Two days after discharge, the patient suffered from hematochezia. Consequently, he was hospitalized and underwent colonoscopy, which showed multiple mucosal lesions in the esophagus and duodenum, and a sample was sent for pathology. The test result showed Crohn’s disease, and the patient was treated immediately.
Seyed Mousalreza Hoseini; Abbas Esmaeelzadeh; Masoumeh Salari; Bita Dadpour; Khadijeh Yekta Roudi; Mohammad Yekta Roudi; Zahra Javid Arabshahi
Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most common and important complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Several risk factors play a role in the formation and progression of pancreatitis. These risk factors may be related to the patient, procedure or operator. All of these risk factors should ...
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Pancreatitis is the most common and important complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Several risk factors play a role in the formation and progression of pancreatitis. These risk factors may be related to the patient, procedure or operator. All of these risk factors should be considered and should be lowered as far as possible with attention to pathogenesis of the development of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The pathogenesis include sphincter spasm, infection, contrast toxicity and pancreatic secretion that induce the activation of proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory processes. Some methods and pharmacologic agents assessed for the prevention of pathway in the pathogenesis to decrease post-ERCP pancreatitis.
Nima Babhadiashar; Golnaz Vaseghi; Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei; Sasan Andalib; Azadeh Eshraghi; Nooshin Masoudian
Abstract
Morphine is one of the most potent alkaloid in opium, which has substantial medical uses and needs and it is the first active principle purified from herbal source. Morphine has commonly been used for relief of moderate to severe pain as it acts directly on the central nervous system; nonetheless, its ...
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Morphine is one of the most potent alkaloid in opium, which has substantial medical uses and needs and it is the first active principle purified from herbal source. Morphine has commonly been used for relief of moderate to severe pain as it acts directly on the central nervous system; nonetheless, its chronic abuse increases tolerance and physical dependence, which is commonly known as opiate addiction. Morphine withdrawal syndrome is physiological and behavioral symptoms that stem from prolonged exposure to morphine. A majority of brain regions are hypofunctional over prolonged abstinence and acute morphine withdrawal. Furthermore, several neural mechanisms are likely to contribute to morphine withdrawal. The present review summarizes the literature pertaining to neural mechanisms underlying morphine withdrawal. Despite the fact that morphine withdrawal is a complex process, it is suggested that neural mechanisms play key roles in morphine withdrawal.
Shervin Kheirandish; Fatemeh Homaee
Abstract
Various clinicopathological factors are evaluated in different studies on carcinomas to demonstrate their prognostic and predictive significance during the diagnosis and therapeutic procedures of the malignancy. Ki-67 is a biomarker that was proposed as a cell proliferation related nuclear antigen, and ...
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Various clinicopathological factors are evaluated in different studies on carcinomas to demonstrate their prognostic and predictive significance during the diagnosis and therapeutic procedures of the malignancy. Ki-67 is a biomarker that was proposed as a cell proliferation related nuclear antigen, and it only expresses in growing and proliferating cells. This unique feature of Ki-67 makes it a subject of interest in different investigations. Evaluating the Ki-67 expression has been demonstrated to be beneficial in determining the tumor behavior including tumor size, stage, grading and patient survival. Moreover, it might be helpful in selecting the preferred subsequent treatment strategy. Due to the importance of Ki-67 index, we aim to briefly review its properties and the importance of its expression during various types of malignancies. At last, the prognostic and predictive value of Ki-67 would be overviewed regarding the efficacy of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies in breast cancer patients.
Morteza Hariri Ahari; Elham Pishbin
Abstract
Vitamin D receptors are located in body tissues and cells. In various physiological processes of the body the primary circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, will become the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through many enzymatic. Although different functions of vitamin D has been identified, ...
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Vitamin D receptors are located in body tissues and cells. In various physiological processes of the body the primary circulating form of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, will become the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through many enzymatic. Although different functions of vitamin D has been identified, reducing the possibility of several chronic diseases, including common cancers, autoimmune, infectious, and cardiovascular diseases is proposed as the major role of this component. According to various experimental and clinical studies, vitamin D affects the immune system activity. In this review we study the possible effects of vitamin D on sepsis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate and summarize the role of vitamin D in the immune system, with particular focus on infections and sepsis. We studied different areas related to vitamin D in the literature review including its roles sepsis and infection incidence, as well as seasonal and racial variation in sepsis. Based on evidence, vitamin D positively affects the immune system, so it might act as a therapeutic strategy. Despite several experimental studies which demonstrated the beneficial effects of vitamin D on improved functioning of the immune system, its association with prevention or management of infections and sepsis is not revealed through clinical investigations.
Seyed Esmael Nezhadhoseini; Kazem Fotohi; Mohammad Vejdani
Abstract
Breast surgical site infection is not only one of the main causes of the morbidity and mortality of cases under different types of surgeries, but also it results in longer hospitalization and additional expenses. Identifying various potential parameters related to the occurrence of surgical site infection ...
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Breast surgical site infection is not only one of the main causes of the morbidity and mortality of cases under different types of surgeries, but also it results in longer hospitalization and additional expenses. Identifying various potential parameters related to the occurrence of surgical site infection after the surgery and getting accurate knowledge about them can be beneficial in preventing the surgical site infection. Various types of studies have been conducted to evaluate the possible risk parameters of surgical site infection in every surgery. In this study, we tried to provide a brief review of the available literature regarding the risk factors associated with breast surgical site infection. To this end, we searched the Pubmed database for the relevant articles. We selected eight articles, which have studied the parameters with statistically significant association with the breast surgical site infection. According to our review, further studies with larger sample size can be effective in better evaluating the associated risk factors and presenting the exact effect of some uncertain risk factors of the surgical site infection after breast surgeries.
Alireza Rezaei; Nargess Afzali
Abstract
Teratoma is a rare type of tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone. Teratomas are most common in the tailbone, ovaries, and testicles, but can occur elsewhere in the body. These tumors originate from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, ...
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Teratoma is a rare type of tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone. Teratomas are most common in the tailbone, ovaries, and testicles, but can occur elsewhere in the body. These tumors originate from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are responsible for a high birth mortality rate from acute respiratory distress. We report a rare case of pharyngeal mass in a fetus with antenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings. A 31-year-old primigravid woman with history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and treated hypothyroidism presented with severe polyhydarmnios, prenatal ultrasound revealed a heterogenous solid cystic mass in submandibular region with no vascularity on Doppler exam. The postmortem and pathologic examination confirmed the nasopharyngeal teratoma with extensive cervical extension. The aim of this study was updating current knowledge about this disease.
Koorosh Ahmadi; Amir Masoud Hashemian; Kaveh Sineh Sepehr
Abstract
The need for both pre- and post-reduction radiographs has recently been questioned when treating shoulder dislocation. Several case reports and case series have suggested that ultrasonography might be useful bedside diagnostic modality for evaluating shoulder dislocation.The purpose of this review was ...
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The need for both pre- and post-reduction radiographs has recently been questioned when treating shoulder dislocation. Several case reports and case series have suggested that ultrasonography might be useful bedside diagnostic modality for evaluating shoulder dislocation.The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that questioned necessity of radiographs for shoulder dislocation and also studies that evaluated bedside ultrasound as an alternative modality in shoulder dislocation. Ultrasonography can be used in patients with suspected shoulder dislocation. It cannot replace radiography because of possible associated fractures but it can be used before and after reduction to confirm successful relocation to reduce the risk of repeated sedation. It can also increase the certainty of physicians in cases that shoulder dislocation management needs to be performed without X-ray assessment