Seyed Javad Sayedi; Akram Rabbani; Farzad Aryanfar; Elaheh Ghayebie; Havva Abdollahi kakroudi; Zahra Sepehri
Abstract
Introduction:The diagnostic value of spirometry in the evaluation of pulmonary function is known; however, the predictive potential of this method has always been undervalued. In the present systematic review, we aimed to collect all available data to analyze whether spirometry can be used in screening ...
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Introduction:The diagnostic value of spirometry in the evaluation of pulmonary function is known; however, the predictive potential of this method has always been undervalued. In the present systematic review, we aimed to collect all available data to analyze whether spirometry can be used in screening programs to predict future pulmonary diseases. Methods: A database search was performed in Ovid, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar using “spirometry” and “predictive value” as the main search terms. Results: After excluding irrelevant articles, 19 related studies were selected, and data extraction was performed. The results of the included literature showed that spirometry is a safe and reliable method for the evaluation of pulmonary function. It was also reported that spirometry can provide useful information, which can be complementary to other methods of evaluation. Conclusion: Findings showed that spirometry is a valid and non-invasive method of assessment for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases such as asthma and airway obstruction. Moreover, spirometric parameters may help to predict future pulmonary conditions, at least in children.
Shirin Saberianpour
Abstract
There is a substantial amount of data provided in preclinical research and recently made early clinical efforts to evaluate the positive MSC therapy in Limb ischemia disease impacts. The present review is primarily focused on assessing various limb ischemia-related human MSC clinical trials to select ...
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There is a substantial amount of data provided in preclinical research and recently made early clinical efforts to evaluate the positive MSC therapy in Limb ischemia disease impacts. The present review is primarily focused on assessing various limb ischemia-related human MSC clinical trials to select the best technique with the highest limb ischemia-related clinical trial MSC efficacy. Five studies met the criteria to be included in this review. MSCs originating from bone marrow Allogenic MSC, bone marrow autogenous MSCs, HUCB MSCs were administered. The injection was intramuscular, Intravenous, and intravenous. The mean follow-up time was between 6 to 60months after MSC therapy. All studies reported improvement from baseline in at least 1 clinical outcome measure, and no study reported major adverse events attributable to MSC therapy. In clinical assessments, the selection of the best method could improve treatment efficacy. Several factors may be involved in the MSC injection efficacy of limb ischemia patients. Both allogeneic and autologous exhibited positive results over placebo. However, it is should be mentioned that autologous MSC investigation has higher cost and toxicity. To reduce the toxicity of derived MSCs while injection, particularly in arterial and intravenous injection, different injection doses can be performed. MI injection at different doses is the best method for diminishing the side effects. To evaluate injection efficacy, different criteria can be adopted, including angiography, ABI index, ulcer healing and amputation, and pain-free walking distance follow-up for up to five years.
Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani; Mohammad ali khalilifar; Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh; Gholam Hossein Alishiri; Alireza Shahriary
Abstract
Introduction:Among various proposed pathologic mechanisms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overproduction of autoantibodies is not widely studied. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are target proteins that have affinity toward charged phospholipids. APLs are thought to have pro-thrombotic ...
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Introduction:Among various proposed pathologic mechanisms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overproduction of autoantibodies is not widely studied. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are target proteins that have affinity toward charged phospholipids. APLs are thought to have pro-thrombotic potentials that increase during thromboembolism. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum aPLs level and COVID-19 mortality, severity, and thrombotic events.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all open access published articles in Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating individuals over the age of 18 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and had positive aPLs; and provided data on mortality or thrombotic events were included. Results: Of the initially identified 512 articles, 22 studies (overall 1462 patients) were finally included in the analysis. The prevalence of positive aPLs was 48.1%. Among the 372 patients with positive aPLs, 156 patients (41.9%) had severe COVID-19 that indicated a significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and aPLs positivity (p<0.05). The prevalence of thrombotic events in aPLs positive patients was 26.3% that indicated a significant relationship between aPLs positivity and the development of thrombotic events (p=0.03). APLs positivity was related to anytime mortality in COVID-19 patients (p=0.01).Conclusion: The present review demonstrated that aPLs are linked to COVID-19 severity and thrombotic events but not short-term mortality. Further studies with longer follow up periods are warranted.
Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is remains as one of the most public health concern that approximately 9.9 million individuals were fell ill with TB and 1.5 million people died from this disease (1-2). Routinely, local tuberculosis control programs follow the DOTS (directly-observed treatment, short-course) strategy ...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is remains as one of the most public health concern that approximately 9.9 million individuals were fell ill with TB and 1.5 million people died from this disease (1-2). Routinely, local tuberculosis control programs follow the DOTS (directly-observed treatment, short-course) strategy that introduced by WHO since 2006 (3)In summary, tuberculosis is one of the top health challenge throughout the worldwide that HIV and emergence of drug-resistant TB confounds this problem. Implementation and evaluation of stewardship can helpful strategy to elimination of tuberculosis and curb drug-resistant TB. Development of new antimicrobial stewardship that guarantee treatment adherence and rapid case detection could be associated with decrease TB burden. According to previous literature, antimicrobial stewardship plans containing ongoing healthcare workers’ education, laboratories modification, formulary restriction as well as optimizing the drug dosage and treatment course could increase case detection and appropriate prescription that reduce drug-resistant TB burden in various geographical region.
Mohammad Moein Vakilzadeh; Najmeh Ahangari; Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani; Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
Abstract
Aicardi Goutiere’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Its clinical signs usually mimic TORCH-like clinical signs; which makes the differential diagnosis difficult. Here, we report a case with one homozygous pathogenic mutation c.529G>A p.Ala177Thr on RNASEH2B gene ...
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Aicardi Goutiere’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder. Its clinical signs usually mimic TORCH-like clinical signs; which makes the differential diagnosis difficult. Here, we report a case with one homozygous pathogenic mutation c.529G>A p.Ala177Thr on RNASEH2B gene (NM_024570) that relates to Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome type 2 that had been misdiagnosed in about 5 years.
Seyed Javad Sayedi; Hanieh Zandi; Sepideh Bagheri
Abstract
Hydatid disease is an important health problem in endemic areas like Iran. Unlike adults, the occurrence of pulmonary hydatid cyst is greater than hepatic cysts in pediatric population. In this study we evaluated the characteristics of pediatric pulmonary hydatid cyst in our region. We reviewed ...
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Hydatid disease is an important health problem in endemic areas like Iran. Unlike adults, the occurrence of pulmonary hydatid cyst is greater than hepatic cysts in pediatric population. In this study we evaluated the characteristics of pediatric pulmonary hydatid cyst in our region. We reviewed the medical records of all children with the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid cyst in Dr Sheikh’s children hospital between 2015-2019. 30 patients were enrolled during the study period. Diagnosis was confirmed using imaging and serology tests.Mean age of patients was 8.5±2.1 years (range:6-14 years). 73% were male and 80% were living in rural areas. All patients were symptomatic at presentation and the most frequent symptom was cough (76%) followed by dyspnea (43%). The most frequent site of involvement was the lower lobe of the right lung (30% of patients) and bilateral involvement was seen in 16.7% of patients. 13.3% of patients had simultaneous hepatic involvement. Complications were reported as follows: pleural effusion 30%, superinfection and abscess formation 16.7% and pneumothorax in one patient. All patients underwent surgical treatment. Lobectomy was performed in 5 cases (16.6%). Pulmonary hydatid cyst must be considered in children with respiratory symptoms in endemic areas. Early diagnosis might lower the risk of complications and lobectomies.
kamila Hashemzadeh; Ali Esparham; Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh; Konstantinos Triantafyllias; Zahra Mirfeizi; Maryam Sahebari; Mohammad Hassan J Joker; Mandana Khodashahi; Masoumeh Salari; Bita Abbasi; Delaram Omidvar; Mahtab Ghaemi; Hassan Mehrad-Majd
Abstract
Introduction: Health care systems all over the world face numerous challenges as a result of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus that has resulted in increased mortality rates. About 40% of ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients were not severely ill at the time of admission. Thus, by using appropriate ICU ...
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Introduction: Health care systems all over the world face numerous challenges as a result of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus that has resulted in increased mortality rates. About 40% of ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients were not severely ill at the time of admission. Thus, by using appropriate ICU admission predictors, clinicians can identify potential critical patients early on. It can also result in suitable resource allocation and consideration for these patients. Therefore, the current study was done with the aim of identifying clinical characteristics and laboratory data that could predict ICU admission in cases with COVID-19.Methods: This two-center retrospective observational study was done in Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals, Mashhad, Iran. Overall, 334 COVID-19 patients who referred to these hospitals from February to May 2020 were enrolled in this study. The participants were separated into two groups according to ICU admission status. All demographic, clinical, and paraclinical information were extracted from the medical records of the patients. Results: The present study composed of 88 ICU and 246 non-ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients. No significant differences were found in age between the two groups of patients (P=0.154). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that higher levels of CRP (OR=1.01, 95%CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.016), WBC (OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22, P=0.03), and HRCT scores (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.01-1.16, P=0.037) were linked to higher odds of ICU admission.Conclusion: This study suggests that higher levels of CRP, WBC, and LDH, as well as the HRCT score at the time of admission, were potential independent predictors of ICU admission during inpatient treatment in COVID-19 patients.
fatemeh farkahi
Abstract
AbstractThis research was aimed at studying the stress, anxiety, and depression epidemiology among highschoolers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample included 605 students (341 males & 264 females) coming from various grades of high school ranging in age from 14 to 19. To fulfill the objectives of the study, ...
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AbstractThis research was aimed at studying the stress, anxiety, and depression epidemiology among highschoolers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample included 605 students (341 males & 264 females) coming from various grades of high school ranging in age from 14 to 19. To fulfill the objectives of the study, three instruments (scales) were employed including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Cattell Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Children Depression Scale (CDS-A). Since the PSS and CDS-A had no norm in Iran, they were then normed revealing reliability of 0.76 for PSS through Spearmen-Brown split half while it was 0.77 through Cronbach’s alpha. Similarly, the reliability for CDS-A was 0.9 and 0.89, respectively. In addition, the validity of the tests proved to be significant at p<0.001 once the correlation of each item with the whole test was obtained. Besides, factor analysis was conducted and examining the items which had the highest loadings on each item indicated that the items of the two tests were completely reliable. The epidemiology results indicated that the stress prevalence was 9.1% among the boys and 22% among the girls while it was 14.7% in the whole sample. This implies that the EBtela rate in girls was two and half times greater that the boys.
ali shamsa
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an imaging technique that provides spectroscopic information about the changes of biological markers. Studies suggest that MRS can be helpful in the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI)Methods: PubMed and Scopus as two major database were systematically ...
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Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an imaging technique that provides spectroscopic information about the changes of biological markers. Studies suggest that MRS can be helpful in the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI)Methods: PubMed and Scopus as two major database were systematically searched in June 2015 by using following search strategy ((((Magnetic resonance spectroscopy OR MRS OR MR spectroscopy)) AND (Diffuse axonal injury OR DAI)) AND Prognosis) to find relevant articles in which the prognostic value of MRS had been investigated in patients with traumatic DAI. All necessary information were extracted and used for data synthesis based on the main purpose of this study. Of total 19 articles found in PubMed and 151 found in Scopus, 8 documents were selected for data extraction in several steps of article selection according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Total number of patients participated in the selected documents was 197. All of the selected documents showed that MRS can be used for quantitative analysis of metabolite changes in patients with DAI.Discussion: The results of studies show that MRS imaging as a sensitive method can quantitatively determine even small variation of metabolites. Since any changes in metabolite level of the brain after traumatic injury may be useful in the prediction of patient’s outcome; therefore, if such sensitivity of MRS is proven, this method can have prognostic value in patients with DAI. Based on the concluded results of included articles, MRS as a sensitive tools is helpful in the prognosis of patients with DAI.
Hamedreza Kafash; Asghar Baradaran Rahimi; Sirous Nekooei; Seyede Fateme Mahmoudi Hashemi
Abstract
Background: Nasal airway obstruction (NAO) is a common symptom that affects a person's quality of life. It can be estimated by patient perception or by physical measurements. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to analyze nasal ventilation modes. There is a lack of comparative studies for ...
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Background: Nasal airway obstruction (NAO) is a common symptom that affects a person's quality of life. It can be estimated by patient perception or by physical measurements. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to analyze nasal ventilation modes. There is a lack of comparative studies for evaluation of airflow regimes using CFD.Objective of the review: Our goal was to determine the different utilities of CFD as an objective method for investigation of nasal airflow characteristics.Search strategy: Selected studies were collected from MEDLINE (Ovid), Google Scholar ,Cochrane Library and EMBASE using a combination of the MeSH terms “septal deviation”, “nasal obstruction”, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)”.Evaluation method: We compared all the results obtained by the authors regarding the CFD variables and the assessment of nasal obstruction (clinical or physical).Results: To compare nasal obstruction with CFD variables, most authors use heat flow, Wall Shear Stress (WSS), total pressure, velocity and streamlines. We found that heat flux appeared to be the CFD variable most strongly correlated with patient perception. Total pressure, wall shear stress and velocity are also useful and show a good correlation.Conclusion: More and more research on CFD on the nose has led to a better understanding of nasal obstruction. Further studies need to be done, including temperature and humidity exchange.
Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk; Melika Zamanian; Melika Farshidianfar; Alireza Masoumi; Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam; Elahe Bakhshi; Anoush Azarfar
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has afflicted individuals of all ages, which has a high rate of morbidity and fatality. Although most children with COVID-19 infection experience minor symptoms, a growing proportion of COVID-19 infections in children are linked to a novel multisystem inflammatory ...
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has afflicted individuals of all ages, which has a high rate of morbidity and fatality. Although most children with COVID-19 infection experience minor symptoms, a growing proportion of COVID-19 infections in children are linked to a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome with Kawasaki disease-like clinical features. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel hyperinflammatory syndrome that can impact about any organ system. The most frequent symptoms are fever and gastrointestinal disorders, although neurologic and dermatologic manifestations are also well-documented. The clinical symptoms of MIS-C coincide with those of Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, and shock syndrome, making diagnosis challenging. Elevated inflammatory markers are common in MIS-C patients, and an abnormal echocardiogram or electrocardiogram may be present. Intravenous immunoglobulin, anticoagulation, and corticosteroids should all be considered in the treatment of MIS-C patients. Even those with significant cardiovascular involvement, the majority of patients recover without complications. Echocardiographic follow-up is required as coronary aneurysms have been documented. This narrative review is to review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for MIS-C patients in order to increase pediatricians’ knowledge of this novel syndrome.