Ziya Asan
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of cases who had a history of spine trauma and were being followed up for a diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelia and to discuss the existing theories in the literature and the vortex effect in pathogenesis.Methods: ...
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of cases who had a history of spine trauma and were being followed up for a diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelia and to discuss the existing theories in the literature and the vortex effect in pathogenesis.Methods: Records of 44 patients who had a history of high-energy spinal trauma and diagnosed post-traumatic syringomyelia after their follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Cases were evaluated under two groups based on the type of trauma those affected by axial forces and those affected by vertical forces. Results from spinal MRI scans of the cases were recorded. Pathogenesis was aimed to be revealed by uncovering the relationship of trauma type with syringomyelia localization and size.Results: The mean age was 39.8; 26 cases were male, and 18 were female. 10 (58.8%) cases presented cervical, 4 (23.5%) cervicothoracic, and 3 (17.6%) thoracic syringomyelias due to axial trauma. 6 (22.2%) cases presented cervical, 4 (14.8%) cases cervicothoracic, and 17 (62.9%) thoracic syringomyelias due to vertical forces. Segmental asymmetries were frequently encountered among their neurological findings.Conclusion: Syringomyelias appeared most frequently in the cervical and cervicothoracic junction due to the vertebral column being affected by axial forces, whereas in the case of vertical forces, it appeared most frequently in the thoracic segments. When considered along with the mechanisms of syringomyelia development, the appearance of syringomyelias can be explained by a vortex effect inside the central canal.
Maryam Dadzan; Fatemeh Tavassoli
Abstract
Borderline ovarian tumor or low malignant ovarian tumor presents in 10-15% of all ovarian cancers, which usually affects younger women and have favorable prognosis even with conservative surgery, in which fertility can be preserved. Lack of reliable diagnostic tool to indicate the type of malignancy ...
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Borderline ovarian tumor or low malignant ovarian tumor presents in 10-15% of all ovarian cancers, which usually affects younger women and have favorable prognosis even with conservative surgery, in which fertility can be preserved. Lack of reliable diagnostic tool to indicate the type of malignancy before or at the time of surgery makes the borderline ovarian tumor one of the most controversial topics in gynecology. This might lead to many overtreatment cases with radical surgery or undertreatment with conservative surgery with the higher rate of overtreatment compared to under treatment.In this review article, we extensively searched for all reported data regarding the accuracy of frozen section in borderline ovarian tumor. Reviewing the results of six studies, which specifically considered the accuracy of frozen section in borderline ovarian tumors, revealed an accuracy of 60% with an agreement between final pathology and frozen section results. Overall, 24.5% of under-diagnosed malignant cases interpreted to be benign and 4.9% overdiagnosed cases with benign tumor considered as a malignant. Frozen section is a reliable tool to exclude benign tumor from borderline and malignant but underdiagnosed percentage is higher. There are limitations in this review including the small number of enrolled cases, different time of diagnosis and different investigated countries and the discrepancies between the studied articles in this review.
Azadeh Zare Feizabadi; Abdolreza Malek; Hamid Ahanchian
Abstract
The B lymphocyte developmental blocks agammaglobulinemia, leading to peripheral B cell depletion and plasma immunoglobulin reduction. Agammaglobulinemia is a rare yet severe disease since it is presented with recurrent sinopulmonary and skin, central nervous system, bone, and joint infections. The onset ...
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The B lymphocyte developmental blocks agammaglobulinemia, leading to peripheral B cell depletion and plasma immunoglobulin reduction. Agammaglobulinemia is a rare yet severe disease since it is presented with recurrent sinopulmonary and skin, central nervous system, bone, and joint infections. The onset of the disease is reported to be at the age of six months. Associations have been reported between arthritis and immunodeficiency disorders, such as agammaglobulinemia and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). This study aimed to present the case of a 3.5-year-old female with a three-month history of the swelling of the left knee, mimicking oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. After the initiation of immunosuppressive treatment, the patient developed large, tender, erythematous lesions on the inguinal region bilaterally, which developed to ecthyma gangrenosum due to Pseudomonas. The patient’s mother also reported recurrent episodes of infections since the patient was a one-year-old infant. Subsequent to the immunological examinations and laboratory tests, the patient was diagnosed with autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia due to low serum immunoglobulin concentration and the absence of peripheral B cells. Primary immunodeficiency conditions (particularly agammaglobulinemia) and CVID should be considered in children with arthritis and recurrent infections. Moreover, immunological analysis should be performed prior to treatment in these children
Mahboubeh Neamatshahi; Maryam Salehi; Masoud Pezeshkirad; Maryam Emadzadeh; Sanam Yaghoubi
Abstract
Introduction: Lower-limb varicose is a common disorder, which is caused in some occupations and is exacerbated over time, imposing direct and indirect costs on individuals and the community. The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire (AVVQ). Methods: ...
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Introduction: Lower-limb varicose is a common disorder, which is caused in some occupations and is exacerbated over time, imposing direct and indirect costs on individuals and the community. The present study aimed to validate the Persian version of Aberdeen varicose vein questionnaire (AVVQ). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients with varicose veins referring to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2014. The subjects were selected via census sampling. The AVVQ was translated into Persian, and its reliability and validity were assessed using face, content, criterion, and construct validity and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for reliability. To evaluate content validity, the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated, and the criterion validity was determined based on Pearson’s correlation-coefficient. In addition, the correlation of the obtained score of each questionnaire item with the total score was verified. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43±16 years. Content validity was assessed based on Lawshe’s method and CVR index of >0.7. The mean score achieved in the AVVQ was 62.3± 8.8, and significant correlations were observed between the total score of AVVQ and physical domain (P<0.001; r=-0.62), mental domain (P<0.001; r=-0.39), and mean total score of SF-36 (P<0.001; r=-0.56). Moreover, the Cronbach’s alpha for the internal consistency of the questionnaire was estimated at 0.71.Conclusion: According to the results, assessment of the score of quality of life in varicose patients could be an effective approach to the development of proper interventions to improve their quality of life.
Farah Ashrafzadeh; Mehran Beiraghi Toosi; Mohammad Hasan Mohammadi
Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome of social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. While the impairments associated with ASD tend to deteriorate from childhood into adulthood, it is of critical importance that the syndrome is diagnosed at an ...
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Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome of social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. While the impairments associated with ASD tend to deteriorate from childhood into adulthood, it is of critical importance that the syndrome is diagnosed at an early age. One means of facilitating this is through understanding how the brain of people with ASD develops from early childhood. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for in vivo and non-invasive investigations of the morphology of the human brain, especially when the subjects are children. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of existing structural MRI studies that have investigated brain size in ASD children of up to 5 years old. Methods: In this study, we systematically reviewed published papers that describe research studies in which the brain size of ASD children has been examined. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for all relevant original articles that described the use of MRI techniques to study ASD patients who were between 1 and 5 years old. To be included in the review, all studies needed to be cohort and case series that involved at least 10 patients. No time limitations were placed on the searched articles within the inclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria were non-English articles, case reports, and articles that described research involving subjects that were not within the qualifying age range of 1-5 years old.Result: After an initial screening process through which the title, abstracts, and full text of the articles were reviewed to confirm they met the inclusion criteria, a total of 10 relevant articles were studied in depth. All studies found that children with ASD who were within the selected age range had a larger brain size than children without ASD.Discussion: The findings of recent studies indicate that the vast majority of ASD patients exhibit an enlarged brain; however, the extent of the enlargement varies from study to study. As such, further studies are required to develop an understanding of the areas of the brain in which enlargement manifests in children with ASD before the age of five and to verify the significance of the prognostic value of MRI as a non-invasive diagnostic technique that can be employed to detect ASD in young children.Conclusion: Based on the extracted data, brain size was related to the emergence and presence of autism in children who were below school age. The use of MRI represents a functional and non-invasive method of confirming ASD in children who have an initial ASD diagnosis.
Masoud Ghiasian; Sajjad Daneshyar; Mehrnaz Olfat
Abstract
Subclavian artery thrombosis is an uncommon cause of limb ischemia in females without a history of vasculopathy. This condition usually occurs secondary to atherosclerotic changes and hypercoagulable states, which are generally asymptomatic. However, it can manifest with such symptoms as coldness, pain, ...
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Subclavian artery thrombosis is an uncommon cause of limb ischemia in females without a history of vasculopathy. This condition usually occurs secondary to atherosclerotic changes and hypercoagulable states, which are generally asymptomatic. However, it can manifest with such symptoms as coldness, pain, and pulselessness in the upper extremity. Herein, we presented a 40-year-old female admitted to our hospital with three days history of right-side hemiparesis and complaints of imbalance and vertigo. The patient had a history of 2-month consumption of high-dose oral contraceptive (OCP) agents for birth control purposes. Cervical magnetic resonance angiography showed a significant occlusion in the proximal part of the left subclavian artery, leading to the diagnosis of subclavian artery thrombosis secondary to the use of long-term high-dose OCP. Our diagnosis was confirmed with the Doppler color sonography. This case demonstrated the importance of a full assessment regardless of the patient’s chief complaints. This kind of assessment allows for a faster and more effective management, thereby reducing the associated costs. Therefore, any suggestive signs or symptoms of arterial thrombosis should be followed up even in low-risk patients. Accordingly, in case the achievement of confirmatory findings regarding the diagnosis of arterial thrombosis, the patient should be immediately subjected to proper medical and surgical interventions.
Zohre Seidi
Abstract
Leishmaniasis including Cutaneous, mocucutaneous and Visceral forms of clinical syndromes is one of the important health care problem in the world specially in developing countries. Because of long time duration of treatment, being expensive, many associated side effects and eventually resisted cases ...
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Leishmaniasis including Cutaneous, mocucutaneous and Visceral forms of clinical syndromes is one of the important health care problem in the world specially in developing countries. Because of long time duration of treatment, being expensive, many associated side effects and eventually resisted cases to conventional therapy, enormous efforts have been performed to replace herbal and new therapeutic strategies as alternative choices.This review argue about reported studies have conducted by many researchers around the world since 1990 that the subject of all of them were about herbal medicine in treatment of leishmaniasis with emphasis on cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Nooshin Mohtasham; Hooshang Rafatpanah; Atessa Pakfetrat; Reza Zare; Hamideh Kade; Mahshad Hosseini shad; Maryam Zamanzadeh; Farnaz Mohajertehran
Abstract
Introduction:Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, which despite having clear clinical features, the etiology is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with ...
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Introduction:Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common pathologic conditions of the oral cavity, which despite having clear clinical features, the etiology is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA DRB1) and its sub-groups with the incidence of recurrent aphthous ulcers in an Iranian population (North East of Iran). Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 72 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers and 70 healthy subjects in Northeast Iranian population were included. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers (PCR- SSP) for each sample, according to standard kit protocol (BAG- Germany). Results: In 72 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers that were included in this study, 26 were male and 46 were female; of the 70 control patients, this difference not significant statistically (P>0.05). The frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 was 0.7% in the healthy subjects, however frequency of HLA -DRB1 *16 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was 42.36%, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). But, this difference was not observed in other subgroups.Conclusion: The frequency of DRB1 * 16 in the patients with RAS were higher than the group. Therefore, DRB1 * 16 can be suggested as a Predisposing factor for aphthous ulcers patients.
Omid Mardanshahi; Jina Khayatzadeh; Soodabeh Shahidsales
Abstract
Anthropometry is a science of human body measurement that could be used for manufacturing artificial limbs or prosthesis, investigating body differences between populations, utilizing in forensics and criminology, or even in the diagnosis of some diseases. Two of the most important anthropometric characteristics ...
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Anthropometry is a science of human body measurement that could be used for manufacturing artificial limbs or prosthesis, investigating body differences between populations, utilizing in forensics and criminology, or even in the diagnosis of some diseases. Two of the most important anthropometric characteristics are dermatoglyphic patterns and finger length. Many studies have evaluated the relation between these two characteristics in different diseases such as cancers. It assumed that dermatoglyphic patterns and finger length could be used as predictors of some cancers such as gastric, ovarian, prostate, testicular, and breast cancers. In this review, we evaluated the relation between dermatoglyphic variability and finger length in different cancers more precisely.
Mohsen Ebrahimi; Hossein Pirazghandi; Hamid Reza Reihani
Abstract
The management of injured patients is a critical issue in pre-hospital and emergency departments. Trauma victims are usually young and the injuries may lead to mortality or severe morbidities. The severity of injury can be estimated by observing the anatomic and physiologic evidences. Scoring systems ...
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The management of injured patients is a critical issue in pre-hospital and emergency departments. Trauma victims are usually young and the injuries may lead to mortality or severe morbidities. The severity of injury can be estimated by observing the anatomic and physiologic evidences. Scoring systems are used to present a scale of describing the severity of the injuries in the victims.We reviewed the evidences of famous scoring systems, the history of their development, applications and their evolutions. We searched electronic database PubMed and Google scholar with keywords: (trauma OR injury) AND (severity OR intensity) AND (score OR scale).In this paper, we are going to present a definition of scoring systems and discuss the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Injury Severity Score (ISS), the most acceptable systems, their applications and their advantages and limitations.Several injury-scoring methods have been introduced. Each method has specific features, advantages and disadvantages. The AIS is an anatomical-based scoring system, which provides a standard numerical scale of ranking and comparing injuries. The ISS was established as a platform for trauma data registry. ISS is also an anatomically-based ordinal scale, with a range of 1-75. Several databases and studies are formed based on ISS and are available for trauma management research.Although the ISS is not perfect, it is established as the basic platform of health services and public health researches. The ISS registering system can provide many opportunities for the development of efficient data recording and statistical analyzing models.
Sedigheh Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani; Milad Ashrafizadeh
Abstract
In recent years, professional exercise has been significantly expanded among the individuals, especially young ones. According to high-intensity exercise courses, which are necessary for professional exercise, we decided to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on testosterone levels, ...
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In recent years, professional exercise has been significantly expanded among the individuals, especially young ones. According to high-intensity exercise courses, which are necessary for professional exercise, we decided to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on testosterone levels, heat shock proteins, and fertility potentials. Findings have shown that the levels of testosterone increase in moderate exercise; however, there are findings about the decrease of testosterone in the athletes who exercise with high intensity. In addition, because the high-intensity training is considered as a stressful condition, the heat shock proteins are activated, and their expression levels are increased that shows the vital role of these essential proteins in eliminating or weakening of that stress. Besides, the parameters, such as sperm quantity, sperm motility, and morphology determine the fertility potential of a person, and studies have shown that high-intensity exercise has harmful effects on these parameters.
Atooshe Rohani
Abstract
One in five adults has patent foramen ovale (PFO), which is typically without symptoms. Because of the low pressure in both atria and the anatomical position of the septum secundum, there is no left-to-right shunting and little right-to-left shunting in the general condition; however, when the right ...
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One in five adults has patent foramen ovale (PFO), which is typically without symptoms. Because of the low pressure in both atria and the anatomical position of the septum secundum, there is no left-to-right shunting and little right-to-left shunting in the general condition; however, when the right atrial pressure increases, this slit-like flap separates and allows right-to-left shunting. According to the Johnson criteria, simultaneous occurrences of arterial emboli, such as those caused by cerebrovascular accident or pulmonary embolism, demonstrate the presence of paradoxical embolism through a PFO. When a patient presents with multivascular arterial embolism, the clinician should perform a contrast transthoracic echo, a transesophageal (TEE), a real-time three-dimensional TEE, and even an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in order to differentiate between PFO, flat atrial septal defect (ASD) and hybrid defects. The randomized trials that have assessed therapeutic interventions for paradoxical embolism have not produced any clear guidelines as to how best to treat this condition. The classic treatment is surgical embolectomy with exploration of the right chambers and the pulmonary arteries under full cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients with a history of ≥1 paradoxical embolism may be indicated for device PFO closure.
Ali AL-Janabi
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a common fungal infection with systemic characteristics, which is caused by various species of Aspergillus. The infection could develop in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients under specific circumstances. Based on the clinical features and type of invasion, aspergillosis could ...
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Aspergillosis is a common fungal infection with systemic characteristics, which is caused by various species of Aspergillus. The infection could develop in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients under specific circumstances. Based on the clinical features and type of invasion, aspergillosis could be classified into four main categories, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), noninvasive aspergilloma, semi-invasive chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Treatment with immunosuppressive drugs for inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), increases the infection rate with aspergillosis. RA is an autoimmune disease characterized by several chronic symptoms in the joints, including pain, stiffness, and chronic synovitis. Previous studies have denoted an association between RA and aspergillosis. Inhibitory drugs of tumor necrosis factors and steroids are widely used in the treatment of RA. ABPA and IPA are the most commonly diagnosed diseases in patients with RA. The present study aimed to review the effects of RA and its treatment on the development of aspergillosis.
Zohre Khodamoradi; Maryam Poursadeghfard; Zahra Shamszadeh
Abstract
Sneddon syndrome (SS) is characterized by chronic, progressive arteriopathy, which causes ischemic stroke and skin lesions. It seems that thrombotic or embolic processes in the vessels may be involved in the pathology of this syndrome. Neurological symptoms always occur due to the ischemic events of ...
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Sneddon syndrome (SS) is characterized by chronic, progressive arteriopathy, which causes ischemic stroke and skin lesions. It seems that thrombotic or embolic processes in the vessels may be involved in the pathology of this syndrome. Neurological symptoms always occur due to the ischemic events of the cerebrovascular system, and the associated cutaneous manifestations include deep blue skin lesions with irregular margins, known as livedo reticularis and livedo racemosa. Despite the ischemic events, hemorrhagic cerebral accidents are unusual in SS. Our case was apparently a normal woman with negative medical history who, despite the normal ischemic cerebral manifestations, initially presented with intracranial hemorrhage, which progressed to new skin lesions (livedo reticularis) after a few days. In the follow-up, the patient was diagnosed with SS.
Shadi Mooloughi; Marjan Joudi; Alimohamad Dalili; Amin Dalili
Abstract
Constructing successful anastomosis is an important concept in gastrointestinal tract surgeries, which can be affected by various factors such as preoperative bowel condition, intra- and postoperative complications, bleeding and the device characteristics. Suturing, stapling and compression anastomosis ...
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Constructing successful anastomosis is an important concept in gastrointestinal tract surgeries, which can be affected by various factors such as preoperative bowel condition, intra- and postoperative complications, bleeding and the device characteristics. Suturing, stapling and compression anastomosis are different techniques. Despite the invention of compression anastomosis, which goes back almost two centuries, this method has not obtained the popularity of the suturing and stapling anastomosis and further studies are required. Designing methods and devices with no drawbacks might reduce the complications associated with anastomosis as the alternative to suturing and stapling anastomoses. Several materials can be used as reinforcement materials, which can improve the consequences of the stapled anastomosis. In addition to reinforcement materials, other forms of supports have been proposed, which might be capable of reducing the postoperative complications of anastomosis. In this study, we briefly review various types of anastomotic techniques and associated complications in different types of gastrointestinal surgeries.
Ali Mousavi Jafarabad; Seyed Amirmasoud Hashemian
Abstract
Currently, a large burden of hospital admissions is related to minor head trauma and its related imaging studies. One of the challenging issues for emergency physicians is brain computed tomography scan. Sensible use of computed tomography studies could minimize unnecessary radiation exposure and resource ...
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Currently, a large burden of hospital admissions is related to minor head trauma and its related imaging studies. One of the challenging issues for emergency physicians is brain computed tomography scan. Sensible use of computed tomography studies could minimize unnecessary radiation exposure and resource use. On the other hand, it can result in delayed or missed early treatment of intracranial injury.The aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize the costs and benefits of using diagnostic measurements in minor head trauma with particular focus on computed tomography scan and the advances and limitations of available guidelines. We studied different issues related to the current approach to minor head trauma in emergency departments. Altogether, it seems using brain computed tomography scan in the setting of emergency is a cost-effective method for the selected patients with minor head injury. However, concerning considerable costs of caring for patients with head injury and high sensitivity of brain computed tomography in terms of minor head injury, it seems reasonable to use brain computed tomography scan for a wider range of patients with minor head injury.
Sirous Nekooei; Bahareh Haratizadeh
Abstract
The ability to differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic focal brain lesions is critical for appropriate management of patient. Due to low specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adequate data for differentiating would not be provided.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of ...
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The ability to differentiate between neoplastic and non-neoplastic focal brain lesions is critical for appropriate management of patient. Due to low specificity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) adequate data for differentiating would not be provided.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of the newly supplementary methods for determining molecular structures and better differentiation among brain lesions. The applicability of MRI plus MRS in changing the histopathology is undetermined.In order to evaluate the benefits of magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with the conventional magnetic resonance imaging, we reviewed related literature till 2013.
Anoush Azarfar; Mohammad Esmaeili; Nayere Tousi; Mitra Naseri; Fatemeh Ghane; Yalda Ravanshad; Anahita Alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and ...
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Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases on December 7, 2014 and reference lists of systematic reviews and randomized, controlled trials. Among the initial 282 articles found by our search strategy and hand searching, we found eight English-language studies were eligible for our study.Result: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial in nephrolithiasis prevention through increasing urinary magnesium, citrate, and calcium while declining urinary oxalate. In pediatric patients, the results were more prominent and could decline urinary oxalate up to 90% of the baseline.Conclusions: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial, especially with potassium-citrate combination. However, due to the low number of well-designed randomized controlled trials, especially in pediatrics, the conclusions of this study need further confirmation.
Majid Safarpanah; Mehran Hiradfar
Abstract
In recent years, laparoscopy has become a popular surgical method. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery, which results in minor traumas in comparison with conventional open surgeries. There are several risk factors associated with laparoscopy based on the involved organ and the patient’s ...
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In recent years, laparoscopy has become a popular surgical method. Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgery, which results in minor traumas in comparison with conventional open surgeries. There are several risk factors associated with laparoscopy based on the involved organ and the patient’s general situations. Due to the improvements of clinical approaches, laparoscopic splenectomy has been known as a gold standard method for spleen removal as a result of various diseases, such as ITP. The human spleen plays a key immunologic role in defense against a number of organisms, particularly encapsulated bacteria. The spleen can cause significant morbidity and/or hematologic disturbance if it becomes hyperfunction (hypersplenism) or hypertrophied (splenomegaly). Laparoscopic surgery for cancer is also an appropriate procedure if good tissue handling techniques are maintained. In this study, we attempted to review the results obtained from recent articles about the beneficial features of the laparoscopic splenotectomy in comparison with conventional open surgery.
Shaghayegh kamian; Mitra Rafieizadeh; Maliheh Arab; Masume Shafiei
Abstract
Vulvar cancer is a rare malignancy representing less than 1% of the cancers, which is diagnosed in women with a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis and carries a poor prognosis. We presented a 51-year-old woman with a lesion in the vulva appeared for three months. The lesion was ...
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Vulvar cancer is a rare malignancy representing less than 1% of the cancers, which is diagnosed in women with a high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis and carries a poor prognosis. We presented a 51-year-old woman with a lesion in the vulva appeared for three months. The lesion was large, ulcerative, hemorrhagic, tender, and mobile with no lymphadenopathy. Excisional biopsy demonstrated a high-grade malignant neoplasm with lymphovascular invasion. Based on the immunohistochemistry test, the patient was diagnosed with neuroendocrine carcinoma with poorly differentiated tumor. In the diagnostic workup, there were two small lymph nodes on the left inguinal area. The patient was subjected to radical vulvectomy and bilateral illioinguinal lymphadenectomy. In addition, she was prescribed to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy for three cycles. Subsequently, she was given hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the pelvis and bilateral inguinals concurrently with chemotherapy. In the last follow-up visit in 32 months later, the patient was disease-free in the physical examination, and the laboratory tests and imaging findings were normal.
Massoud Hajia
Abstract
The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years in some regions in Iran, particularly in the western, northeastern, and some central areas. Undoubtedly, the main causes of brucellosis are the lack of vaccination coverage in livestock and distribution of dairy products. In addition, attention ...
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The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years in some regions in Iran, particularly in the western, northeastern, and some central areas. Undoubtedly, the main causes of brucellosis are the lack of vaccination coverage in livestock and distribution of dairy products. In addition, attention must be paid to the diagnostic difficulties associated with slow growth specificity and use of inefficient methods, which lead to the delayed diagnosis of the disease. All the available diagnostic procedures are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis, including isolation on culture media, serological procedures, and molecular techniques. Among these methods, isolation on culture media has shown the minimum efficiency, especially in blood specimens, which are the most commonly requested specimens in disease diagnosis. The influential factors could be the use of unapproved commercial kits, applying outdated diagnostic procedures, and using unqualified specimens in hospitalized patients. The present study aimed to enhance the current status of the isolation method, especially in the endemic areas for brucellosis. Several parameters were assessed in this regard, including the role of laboratory conditions, sampling quality, type of culture media, and various isolation methods, in order to review the studies aiming to increase the efficiency of this method.
Mahsa Akbari Oryani; Masomeh Safaei; Farzane Farzam; Hadi Razmara; Navid Fathi
Abstract
Introduction: Several methods are available for the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disease. Since the immunohistochemistry of complement component is easy and more accessible compared to other methods, it is thought that this technique as an efficient method can replace other difficult, and time-consuming ...
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Introduction: Several methods are available for the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disease. Since the immunohistochemistry of complement component is easy and more accessible compared to other methods, it is thought that this technique as an efficient method can replace other difficult, and time-consuming procedures. Therefore, in this study we aimed to systematically review the literatures in which the diagnostic value of complement component 3d (C3d) and C4d had been investigated in bullous pemphigoid. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus using following search method (((C3d OR C4d OR complement component 3d OR complement component 4d immunohistochemistry)) OR (C3d OR C4d marker OR complement component 3d OR complement component 4d marker)) AND (bullous pemphigoid OR cutaneous pemphigoid) to evaluate the diagnostic value of C3d and/or C4d for early and accurate detection of bullous pemphigoid on November 2015. Subsequently, the extracted data were described.Result: Total of 28 documents were collected and reviewed based on the purpose of this study. Of the collected articles, 21 documents were excluded in several steps of article selection process and only 7 relevant articles were included for data assessment. The results showed that the deposits of C3d and/or C4d in skin biopsies were found in 125 of 134 patients, indicating that immunohistochemistry is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases.Conclusion: The results of this review showed that C3d and/or C4d immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases, particularly bullous pemphigoid.
Farzaneh Akbari; Mina Delghandi; Fariba Rezaeetalab
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. One of the most important events in the course of COPD is acute exacerbation. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is characterized by the aggravation of dyspnea, cough, and sputum. Chronic obstructive pulmonary ...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. One of the most important events in the course of COPD is acute exacerbation. Acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) is characterized by the aggravation of dyspnea, cough, and sputum. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation leads to respiratory failure, hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. During and after the COPD attack, lung function dramatically decreased. Bacterial pneumonia is an important and serious risk factor for AECOPD. However, there are other inflammatory and non-inflammatory causes of AECOPD. Antibiotic treatment is usually challenging in AECOPD. Procalcitonin is a non-hormone active protein and precursor to calcitonin that consists of 116 amino acids, and 13 kDa weight is produced by the neuroendocrine cells of the thyroid gland. However, procalcitonin is secreted in septic shock, metastatic cancers, bacterial and fungal infections; therefore, serum procalcitonin is increased in bacterial pneumonia of AECOPD. Some studies recommended procalcitonin serum measurement as a guide for antibiotic initiation in AECOPD.
Mina Nosrati; Neda Shakour; Toktam Sahranavard; Fatemeh Sadabadi; Sara Saffar Soflaei; Hamideh Ghazizadeh; Maryam Mohammadi Bajgiran; Mohamad Reza Latifi; Mohammad Amin Mansouri; Mahmoud Ebrahimi; Mohsen Mouhebati; Seyed Hassan Mirshafee; Masoumeh Haghighi; Reza Assaran Darban; Ensieh Akbarpour; Gordon A. Ferns; Habibollah Esmaily; Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder that its types are generated by collectingof genetic and environmental risk agents. Here, the association between HSPB1 polymorphism as a genetic risk factor and DM was investigated.
Methods: Total 690 participants from MASHAD cohort study ...
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Introduction: Diabetes (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder that its types are generated by collectingof genetic and environmental risk agents. Here, the association between HSPB1 polymorphism as a genetic risk factor and DM was investigated.
Methods: Total 690 participants from MASHAD cohort study population were recruited into the study.Anti-HSP27-level was assessed followed by genotyping using Taqman®-probes-based assay. Anthropometric, demographic and hematological/biochemical characteristics were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized, while logistic regression models were used to assess the association of the genetic variant with clinical characteristics of population.
Results: Finds was shown there are meaningful differences among groups of age, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, FBG,TG, HDL-C, and hs-CRP, and was no big -significant difference between theexists in different HSP27 SNP in the two studied groups (with and without DM), also was no remarkable relation between genetic forms of HSPB1and T2DM. This investigation was the first research that analyzed the relationship between the genetic type of the HSPB1 gene (rs2868371) and Type 2 diabetes (DM2). In our population, the CC genotype (68.1%) had a higher prevalence versus GC (26.6%) and GG (5.3%) genotypes and the data shown that no genetic difference of HSPB1 gene polymorphism (rs2868371) was related with DM2.
Conclusion: HSPB1 polymorphism, rs2868371, was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ali Parsa; Mohammad Hallaj Moghaddam; Farshid Bagheri; Mohammad Hassani
Abstract
The preferred desire of orthopedic surgeons is to preserve the femoral head in the early stages of femoral head osteonecrosis; however, hip arthroplasty is needed in most cases. The outcomes of traditional surgical treatments alone are not favorable. Thus, femoral head osteonecrosis frequently follows ...
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The preferred desire of orthopedic surgeons is to preserve the femoral head in the early stages of femoral head osteonecrosis; however, hip arthroplasty is needed in most cases. The outcomes of traditional surgical treatments alone are not favorable. Thus, femoral head osteonecrosis frequently follows an unpredictable course resulting in significant hip arthritis. Through the years, it has been identified that decreased proliferation capacity and content of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in the femoral head region play a key role in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH). In the past two decades, researchers have focused on cell-based therapies for ONFH treatment. The regenerative potential of damaged cartilage and bone tissue with stem cells has become a new treatment approach in the field of orthopedics. Ongoing basic science and clinical studies are progressing toward efficient standard treatment options for this extremely challenging condition. In this article, we reviewed the recently developed methods of cell therapy for these types of musculoskeletal conditions.