Seyed Reza Habibzadeh; Hamid Reza Reihani; Morteza Talebi Doluee; Fatemeh Maleki; Amirreza Joshani Noghabi; Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan; Mahdi Foroughian
Abstract
Introduction: Today, the use of new technologies has expanded in various fields. One of these cases is the use of smartphones and barcode reader software and two-dimensional barcodes. In this study, we tried to evaluate the influence of barcode utilization in the training of residents. Methods: This ...
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Introduction: Today, the use of new technologies has expanded in various fields. One of these cases is the use of smartphones and barcode reader software and two-dimensional barcodes. In this study, we tried to evaluate the influence of barcode utilization in the training of residents. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the emergency department of Ghaem Hospital, in which the effect of using educational barcodes on 30 medical residents of the emergency, internal medicine, and neurology was investigated. A questionnaire recording the performance of residents in medical emergency procedures was used. Also, demographic variables of residents were recorded. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software.Results: A total of 30 residents completed the study questionnaire before installing the poster, and 29 of them completed the post-test questionnaire. Of these, 10 (33.3%) were emergency medicine residents, 13 (43.3%) Internal medicine and 7 subjects (23.3%) were neurology residents. All of them (100%) found the use of QR codes practical and easy. Analysis of data related to pre-test and post-test scores of residents shows that their average scores in the pre-test, 7 ±2.39, and their average scores in the test post 10.86 ±2.431, which indicates a significant increase after using the QR code poster (P-value = 0.000) Conclusion: The use of QR codes has been practical, easy, and user-friendly. Also, comparing the average scores of participants before and after the installation of these codes, shows that it has had a significant effect on training residents.
Talat Khadivzadeh; Fatemeh Zahra karimi; Nahid Maleki
Abstract
Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between sex role and women's childbearing motivation.Methods: In this study 841 married female participants lived in urban society of Mashhad were recruited based on a multistage sampling from a variety of settings. Data was gathered ...
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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between sex role and women's childbearing motivation.Methods: In this study 841 married female participants lived in urban society of Mashhad were recruited based on a multistage sampling from a variety of settings. Data was gathered using Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ) and brief form of Bem sex role questionnaire. Analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression test and independent t-test.Results: Feminine sex role was in significant relationship with positive childbearing motivation (p=.001). Masculine sex role have no relationship with both childbearing motivations. ANOVA showed a difference between the motivations in four groups of participants divided based on sex role scores. LSD test shows that positive motivation in android (p=.013) and masculine (p=.012) groups were significantly less than feminine group. Negative childbearing motivations in feminine group was less than in UN-differentiate group (p=.014). Conclusion: Multiple regression analysis show that positive motivation was in relationship with the feminine sex role and reverse relationship with marriage age. Reproductive health policy makers and family planning counselors can apply study findings in order to plan perfect programs to direct proper fertility behaviors in the society.
Arezoo Rayani; Aliakbar Davar; Melika Mollaei; Maryam Zamanzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BP) have recently been used in the treatment of bone diseases. The BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication of long-term usage of BP and can lead to serious consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and performance of ...
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Introduction: Bisphosphonates (BP) have recently been used in the treatment of bone diseases. The BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication of long-term usage of BP and can lead to serious consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and performance of dentists and senior dental students in Bandar Abbas, Iran, regarding the treatment of patients who take BP.Method: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire, based on the standard guidelines, was handed out to dentists and senior dental students in Bandar Abbas city. Variables, such as gender, age, level of awareness, and performance when treating the aforementioned patients were taken into account. The collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, chi-squared, and independent t-test.Result: The performance index was 11.8±2.82 in dentists and 14.29±5.8 in senior dental students which indicates a significant difference between them in terms of performance when treating BRONJ in patients taking BP. However, no significant difference was observed in terms of their knowledge. Conclusion: The level of performance and knowledge in most dentists and dental students was intermediate and policies should be made to raise their abilities.
Anuj Singh; Naveen Khargekar; Divya Khanna; Ashish Kumar Sharma
Abstract
Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance ...
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Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance of community fuelling the social discrimination. The patient can recover the physical wound or diseases but stigma strikes the soul of victim that debilitates the will for survival. Stigma does not only affect the patients only but also the front line warriors excruciating the global emergency. Psychological distress mitigation is still missing in COVID-19 coping strategies. This article is intended to provide an overview of social-stigmatization faced by different sets of population as well as to draw attention over mental health component assimilation in therapeutic measures of COVID-19. To ensure the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the individual, community and society as whole.
Forough Rakhshanizadeh; Farhad Heydarian; Elahe Heidari; Lida Jarahi; hassan kani
Abstract
Objective: An imbalance has been reported in the oxidant-antioxidant system of infants with febrile convulsion. This study aimed to compare serum vitamin C levels between febrile children with or without seizures. Materials and Method: This multicenter case-control study was conducted on febrile infants ...
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Objective: An imbalance has been reported in the oxidant-antioxidant system of infants with febrile convulsion. This study aimed to compare serum vitamin C levels between febrile children with or without seizures. Materials and Method: This multicenter case-control study was conducted on febrile infants and children who were referred to the pediatric emergency wards of Mashhad University of Medical Science. The subjects were equally divided into two febrile groups of case (with seizure) and control (without seizures). Visible Spectrophotometer was used to determine the total vitamin C level.Results: In total, 100 febrile children were included in this study. Based on the results, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, and family history of febrile convulsion (FC) (P>0.05). The mean vitamin C levels in the case and control groups were 42.73±7.2 and 78.59±11.1 µg/l, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding the vitamin C level (P<0.001). Regression analysis revealed that age (P=0.74), gender (P=0.66), and family history of febrile convulsion (P=0.52) had not any correlation with vitamin C levels. On the other hand, the vitamin C levels was associated with FC (P=0.001).Conclusion: The serum levels of vitamin C in the children with febrile seizure were lower than those in the control group. Thus, the reduced vitamin C levels can be considered as a predisposing factor for FC.
Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis is a usual procedure in the context of GI cancer surgeries. Performing an anastomosis may be complicated by infection, bleeding, anastomotic stricture, and anastomotic leakage. Anastomosis leakage is one of the devastating complications after performing an anastomosis ...
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Gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis is a usual procedure in the context of GI cancer surgeries. Performing an anastomosis may be complicated by infection, bleeding, anastomotic stricture, and anastomotic leakage. Anastomosis leakage is one of the devastating complications after performing an anastomosis which can be associated with several preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors. Gender, body mass index, chemoradiotherapy, and underlying disease are preoperative risk factors for anastomosis leakage. In addition, surgical technique, operation time, tumor characteristics, blood loss, and blood transfusion are intraoperative risk factors. Diverting stoma and intestinal microbiota are assumed as post-operative risk factors for anastomosis leakage. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to describe risk factors of anastomosis leakage, especially blood transfusion. Blood transfusion can affect anastomotic healing by interfering with microcirculation, anastomotic healing phases, and the inflammatory phase of anastomosis healing. Compromised microcirculation caused by transfusion is one of the possible mechanisms for the failure of the anastomoses.
Forough Rakhshanizadeh; alireza khadembashi; Elahe Heidari; Negar Morovatdar; Atefeh Soltanifar
Abstract
Introduction:Child abuse and neglect is a public health challenge with lifelong consequences for survivors. Physicians’ knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and timely referral to legal authorities. This study aimed to determine pediatric residents’ ...
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Introduction:Child abuse and neglect is a public health challenge with lifelong consequences for survivors. Physicians’ knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and timely referral to legal authorities. This study aimed to determine pediatric residents’ and pediatricians’ knowledge and attitude regarding child abuse and neglect.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pediatric residents› and pediatricians› knowledge and attitude regarding child abuse and neglect were measured using a standard questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. In this questionnaire, knowledge score ranged from 0 to 17, and attitude score ranged from 10 to 50. After collecting the questionnaires and calculating the scores, the information was entered into the SPSS software (version 22), and statistical analysis was performed.Results: A total of 80 participants, including 38 pediatric residents and 42 pediatricians, participated in this research. Among them, 71.3% were female, and 28.8% were male. The mean score of knowledge and attitude in all participants was 14.05 ± 1.88 out of 17 and 41.39 ± 4.36 out of 50, respectively. The mean score in the pediatric residents and pediatricians was 13.42 ± 2.02. and 14.62 ± 1.57 for knowledge and 40.66 ± 4.32 and 42.05 ± 4.35 for attitude, respectively. Regarding knowledge, 19 participants (23.8%) had a good score, 35 (43.8%) had a moderate score, and 26 (32.5%) had a poor score (p=0.24). There was a significant difference in terms of knowledge score among four academic groups (first-year resident, second-year resident, third-year resident, and pediatrician) (p=0.031), as the score wassignificantly higher in pediatricians than in residents (p=0.004). However, no significant difference was observed for attitude score (p=0.056). In general, and regarding all participants, no significant relationship was observed between attitude score and knowledge score (p=0.059).Conclusion: Most pediatric residents and pediatricians participating in the present study had moderate knowledge and attitude toward child abuse and neglect, and less than a quarter of the participants had good knowledge in this regard. Also, the pediatricians had significantly higher knowledge scores than the pediatric residents. These results emphasize the importance of more education for pediatric residents regarding child abuse and neglect and continuing education programs for pediatricians.
Ubaid Khan; Behdad Dehbandi; Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Siddique; Muhammd Farhan Akhtar; Zabeeh Ullah
Abstract
Recent clinical research studies evaluated metformin's potential effects as a weight-reducing drug in non-diabetic individuals despite its glucose-lowering effects. Metformin reduces weight by acting on the appetite regulatory pathways, peripheral fat metabolism, and averse unfavorable fat storage. Clinical ...
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Recent clinical research studies evaluated metformin's potential effects as a weight-reducing drug in non-diabetic individuals despite its glucose-lowering effects. Metformin reduces weight by acting on the appetite regulatory pathways, peripheral fat metabolism, and averse unfavorable fat storage. Clinical recent findings indicated that individuals maintain weight with the help of lifestyle modifications and bariatric surgery. However, metformin's clinical efficacy on weight loss helped the individuals overcome overweight and obesity complications. Metformin alters the hypothalamic physiology, including insulin and leptin sensitivity. Furthermore, metformin regulates the circadian rhythm changes and gastrointestinal physiology by affecting food intake and regulating fat oxidation, storage fat in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissues. Research also indicated other appetite suppressing medications such as topiramate, lorcaserin, and phentermine along with metformin also seems logical but clinical data reported that their weight loss results are lacking. However, more detailed research on how metformin induces weight loss in non-diabetic individuals and the prescription of other pharmacological interventions is needed.
Reza Zare; Narges Ghazi; Farnaz Mohajertehran; Narges Asfiaee; Pendar Argani; Negar Khodaeni; Salehe Akhondian
Abstract
Introduction:Oral lichen planus treatment offers favorable clinical results over time due to its widespread prevalence. However, to date, there is still no theoretical agreement on the cause of this disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) ...
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Introduction:Oral lichen planus treatment offers favorable clinical results over time due to its widespread prevalence. However, to date, there is still no theoretical agreement on the cause of this disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral lichen planus (OLP) tissue samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Methods:This retrospective study was carried out from 1387 to 1398 on 40 OLP samples (24non-erosive-atrophic and 16 erosive-atrophic forms) in the Oral Pathology Department of Mashhad Dental School. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was undertaken to identify HPV-DNA. Subsequently, the samples for HPV-DNA underwent PCR analysis again with the specific primers. The data were analyzed statistically by chi-square and independent t-test test regarding the significance levelof lower than 0.05.Results: The population consisted of 29 women (72.5%) and 11 men (27.5%) with an average age of 49.48± 2.78 years. Human papillomavirus DNA in none of the studied samples (in none of the groups) was detected by PCR. Gender distribution in the studied groups was not significantly different from each other, as the groups did not differ significantly in average age.Conclusion: No HPV-positive samples were observed in oral lichen planus samples based on the recent findings in the current study of the Iranian population. Nevertheless, the patients› demographic data were not meaningfully associated. More sample sizes with a control group and a complete medical history should be recruited in further studies. Using complementary methods to approve the PCR method can help further studies to demonstrate accurate results.
Mohamad Reza Afzalzadeh
Abstract
This systematic review determined the main antimicrobial agents resulting in MOEand spectrum antimicrobial therapy covering drug resistance in the disease. All thearticles published in three electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,and MEDLINE, were searched within November 15 to December ...
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This systematic review determined the main antimicrobial agents resulting in MOEand spectrum antimicrobial therapy covering drug resistance in the disease. All thearticles published in three electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science,and MEDLINE, were searched within November 15 to December 15, 2020. Eventually,27 reports were identified assessing the clinical outcomes of patients with MOE.Generally, the mean age of patients with MOE in different studies was within therange of 59–82 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.8:1. The frequency of diabetesamong patients with MOE was within the range of 40%-100%, and the frequency offacial nerve involvement was up to 60.7% in various studies. Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most commonly reported causative organism in MOE. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus is another organism leading to MOE. The main concerningissue in antibiotic therapy is the increasing isolation of bacterial strains resistant tothis therapeutic approach. Generally, patients undergoing initial combination therapyhave better outcomes compared to those receiving single therapy. Furthermore, therisk of ciprofloxacin resistance increased, especially when used as a monotherapyagent. The early diagnosis and treatment of patients with MOE are very crucial. Inthis regard, it is necessary to consider the management of diabetes for controllingthe infection with antibiotics and debridement of necrotic tissue. Aggressive surgicalmanagement is suggested in some patients with MOE.
Kobra Salimiyan Rizi; Hadi Farsiani
Abstract
The formation of the massive deletion of genes called “black holes,” which are detrimental to a pathogenic lifestyle, provides a bacterial evolutionary route that permits a pathogen to augment virulence and host-adaptability. For example, cadaverine substrate has inhibitory effects on the ...
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The formation of the massive deletion of genes called “black holes,” which are detrimental to a pathogenic lifestyle, provides a bacterial evolutionary route that permits a pathogen to augment virulence and host-adaptability. For example, cadaverine substrate has inhibitory effects on the enterotoxin activity of the Shigella species. Therefore, the encoding gene of the lysine decarboxylase enzyme (CadA gene) as an anti-virulence gene is deleted from the genome of the Shigella. This and other similar cases in bacteria can be used for antitoxin therapy. Hence, identification of the role of black holes in the pathogenic evolution of bacteria output could possibly lead to novel treatments of infectious diseases in human beings. Here, we reviewed different types of pathoadaptation mutations among pathogens. Cases of black holes among the important human bacterial pathogens included Shigella, Rickettsiae, Mycobacterium leprae, Burkholderia, Bordetella, and Chlamydia. We found that the most prevalent pathoadaptive pathway among bacteria was the gene inactivation or deletion route.
Hamidreza Kianifar; Saeedeh Talebi
Abstract
Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic condition with skin fragility that leads to blister formation and erosion following minor trauma. This disease also involves the gastrointestinal tract by way of esophageal stricture and dysphasia. Some studies have recommended oral budesonide liquid therapy ...
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Introduction: Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic condition with skin fragility that leads to blister formation and erosion following minor trauma. This disease also involves the gastrointestinal tract by way of esophageal stricture and dysphasia. Some studies have recommended oral budesonide liquid therapy to decrease the need for balloon endoscopy and other aggressive treatments. The aim of the study was to evaluated clinical symptoms of patients who consumed oral budesonide in their daily routine therapies.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Akbar Hospital of the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All enrolled patients were followed between July and October 2021. Ten milliliter oral budesonide (0.5 milligram) liquid was administrated one hour before eating. They were followed up to determine and document any side effects after treatment, and any improvement of clinical symptoms such as amelioration of dysphasia, volume of food intake, duration of food consumption, and kind of food consumed (solid versus liquid).Results: About fifteen patients were studied. The mean duration + SD of using budesonide was 9.66±15.76 weeks. The mean percentage + SD was 41.33±34.61 for improvement in the volume of food intake, and the mean for improving dysphasia + SD was 42±33.63%. Three patients suffered from complications (i.e., mucositis and gastric fullness). Also, two patients did not want to continue treatment because they did not like the drug taste.Conclusion: Oral budesonide liquid could be recommended for epidermolysis bollusa patients to improve clinical symptoms.
Amin Bojdy; Mahnaz Arian; Mona Najaf Najafi; Mahdi Mottaghi
Abstract
Introduction:Proper adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides good viral load suppression, while poor adherence can give rise to resistant strains and failure of the treatment. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study from December 2017 to March 2018. Of 245 patients, 103 of them were ...
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Introduction:Proper adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) provides good viral load suppression, while poor adherence can give rise to resistant strains and failure of the treatment. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study from December 2017 to March 2018. Of 245 patients, 103 of them were compliant with ART. Patient adherence is determined through the self-report method and pill-count method. Pill-count failed, and only self-reports of adherence were used for analysis. In each visit, we gave each patient medication needed for one month’s treatment and asked them to bring back drug-pockets in the next visit. We also ask the number of tablets they did consume in this period. Mean adherence in three months is considered final adherence. Pearson chi-square model was used for analysis.Results: Mean age ± SD was 40 ± 1.36 years. 44.7% were female. 84.5% of patients are considered adherent (≥ 95% of doses were consumed). Married patients had better adherence (p = 0.04). Age, sex, addiction, imprisonment history, intravenous drug usage were not associated with adherence (p > 0.05). We also extracted previews history of treatment cessation and regimen changes. Efavirenz containing regimens had a higher rate of failure (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Although the adherence level was acceptable, the lack of a self-report control method might overestimate adherence.
Kobra Salimiyan rizi; Hadi Farsiani
Abstract
The genus Raoultella is still understudied compared to other Enterobacteriaceae members. However, there are numerous published case reports on Raoultella infections. The genetic closeness of Raoultella spp. and Klebsiella spp. may lead to misidentification using conventional microbiology methods. The ...
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The genus Raoultella is still understudied compared to other Enterobacteriaceae members. However, there are numerous published case reports on Raoultella infections. The genetic closeness of Raoultella spp. and Klebsiella spp. may lead to misidentification using conventional microbiology methods. The prevalence of this bacterium in clinical settings can vary geographically. Our knowledge of its resistome evolution contributing to Raoultella antibiotic resistance is also limited to a few characterized genes. This review summarises the current knowledge on Raoultella genetic and microbiology aspects, its identification methods, virulence factors, clinical manifestations, and so on. This combined information highlights the gaps in our understanding of Raoultella pathogenesis, resistome, and vaccine suggesting future research directions. The diversity and plasticity of the antibiotic resistance plane of Raoultella species have determined the early and precise identification of Raoultella infection is very important to improve the prognosis of the clinical infections and to control the spread of this bacterium. According to our literature review results, patients with multiple congenital abnormalities are susceptible to Raoultella infection. Tumours, immune deficiency, and invasive operations increase the risk of infection.
Narendra Kumar; Binay Kumar Sahu; Deepak Kumar Sharma
Abstract
Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures represent the fractures involving the articular surface of proximal part of the tibia bone i.e. lateral or medial condyle or both, and with varying degrees of articular depression and displacement.Fixation by locking plates has led to dramatic improvement in the ...
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Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures represent the fractures involving the articular surface of proximal part of the tibia bone i.e. lateral or medial condyle or both, and with varying degrees of articular depression and displacement.Fixation by locking plates has led to dramatic improvement in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.Method: It was a prospective study conducted on 30 patients with tibial plateau fractures at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Patients were operated with locking compression plates and followed up for 18 months. Union was checked with serial radiographs and functional outcome was assessed with Rasmussen Functional Knee Score.Result: Twentynine patients achieved union at a mean time of 13.65 weeks, one patient had infective nonunion. Overall mean Rasmussen Functional Knee Score was 27 which is graded as excellent.Conclusion: Treatment of tibial plateau fractures with open reduction and plating with locking compression plates provides anatomical reduction and desirable functional outcome. Union is earlier and functional results are better for Schatzker type 1-3 when compared to type 4-6. Return to work with greater capacity largely depends on motivation.
Ali Alami; Maryam Aghaei; Sepideh Shayan Karkon; Raheleh Derafshi
Abstract
Introduction:Acute Poisoning in the developed countries include about 2% of all childhood deaths and more than 5% cause of death in the developing countries. Poisoning usually is defined as taking a substance which can cause an organism becoming injured. The purpose of this study was to identify sociological ...
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Introduction:Acute Poisoning in the developed countries include about 2% of all childhood deaths and more than 5% cause of death in the developing countries. Poisoning usually is defined as taking a substance which can cause an organism becoming injured. The purpose of this study was to identify sociological factors that are important in improving prevention, prognosis, and management of poisoning. Methods: This retrospective evaluated 1200 children in the pediatric ward of the 22 Bahman hospital, Gonabad, Iran, from March 2015 to July 2018. The information about Children was recorded by individual examination of the files in standardized forms including epidemiological and demographic features for statistical analysis and data were analyzed by using the U Test Chi square, Pearson correlation analysis and variance analysis in SPSS Version 21.0. Results: Acute poisoning included 2.3% of referring causes with mean age 3.7 ± 1.3 years. The mean age of poisoned children was significantly lower than other children (p value = 0/002). The majority of cases were accidental poisonings with opium (ICD-10 T40.0X1) and methadone (ICD-10 T40.3X1). Most common symptoms were neurological disorders, vomiting, tachypnea and tachycardia.Common clinical symptoms in children diagnosed with poisoning include: Neurological symptoms including seizures, hallucinations, drowsiness, decreased level of consciousness and confusion (50%), nausea and vomiting (25%), tachypnea and tachycardia (7.1%). Respiratory depression, meiotic pupil, shortness of breath, cough, tears and hallucinations (3.6%) due to referring severe toxic patients to more equipped center no death was recorded in our center. Conclusion: Acute poisoning is one of the most abudant emergencies in children. This study with identifying epidemiological and demographic factors of acute poisoning in children would help to improve prevention, and management of future programs.
Mohammad Alipour; Vida Jahanian; Zahra Momtaz Kaffash; Elham Bakhtiari; Abolfazl Akbari
Abstract
Introduction: The use of a laryngeal mask airway is associated with complications, such as a sore throat. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taking the licophar pill on reducing sore throat due to laryngeal mask implantation in cataract surgery candidates.
Methods: In this study, 241 patients ...
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Introduction: The use of a laryngeal mask airway is associated with complications, such as a sore throat. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taking the licophar pill on reducing sore throat due to laryngeal mask implantation in cataract surgery candidates.
Methods: In this study, 241 patients over 18 years of age with cataract surgery and ASA Ι or ΙΙ were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received one licophar pill half an hour before surgery; however, the control group received nothing. The sore throat severity was measured 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery using the Visual-Analogue Scale (VAS). The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16).
Results: Out of 241 patients, 120 cases received licophar pills. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender; however, the mean age was lower in the control group. On the other hand, the rate of sore throat was significantly higher in the control group, compared to the intervention group. In addition, postoperative pain scores in the intervention vs. control group 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h were 0.466 (1.454) vs. 3.842 (3.359), 0.383 (1.298) vs. 3.280 (3.056), 0.275 (1.102) vs. 2.694 (2.580), 0.200 (0.890) vs. 2.074 (2.271), and 0.108 (0.574) vs. 1.429 (1.714), respectively. Moreover, 103 and 40 patients in the intervention and control groups reported no pain (VAS=0), respectively, 1 h after surgery.
Cocclusion: The present study showed that the use of licophar lozenge half an hour before surgery has a significant effect on reducing postoperative sore throat.
Suha Aloosi; Bahjat Taha Ahmed
Abstract
Introduction:Using Platelet- Rich Plasma (PRP )in aesthetic dermatology has been recently considered and its safety and effectiveness have been widely reported. We conducted this study to evaluate the technique and degree of benefit. Methods: Fifteen (15) patients with different ages, sexes, and facial ...
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Introduction:Using Platelet- Rich Plasma (PRP )in aesthetic dermatology has been recently considered and its safety and effectiveness have been widely reported. We conducted this study to evaluate the technique and degree of benefit. Methods: Fifteen (15) patients with different ages, sexes, and facial perioral wrinkles have participated in the current research and received a session of monthly PRP injections (three courses), targeting line and wrinkles in the perioral area. In this study, we have prepared the PRP by using a special test tube and then centrifuge it with relative centrifugal force (RCF) of 1700G for 5 minutes, followed by two minutes of soft centrifugation at room temperature. Results: Mean age ± SD was 40 ± 1.36 years. 44.7% were female. 84.5% of patients are considered adherent (≥ 95% of doses were consumed). Married patients had better adherence (p = 0.04). Age, sex, addiction, imprisonment history, intravenous drug usage were not associated with adherence (p> 0.05). We also extracted previews history of treatment cessation and regimen changes. Efavirenz containing regimens had a higher rate of failure (p =0.001). Conclusion: Wrinkles in perioral area management by PRP injection is an easy technique, with high- quality result and high patient satisfaction, no serious side effects, high patient toleration, and short downtime. Platelet- Rich Plasma can be a competitive substitute for other fillers and revitalization methods in lips and perioral rejuvenation.
Shirin Saberianpour; Jamal Jalili Shahri
Abstract
Anastomosis is a term which means a connection between two tubes or branched passages.Veins and arteries connect to transport blood in the body and this connection is natural anastomosis Whenever a blood vessel becomes blocked anastomosis is a backup pathway for blood flow. As the number of patients ...
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Anastomosis is a term which means a connection between two tubes or branched passages.Veins and arteries connect to transport blood in the body and this connection is natural anastomosis Whenever a blood vessel becomes blocked anastomosis is a backup pathway for blood flow. As the number of patients with chronic organ failure is increasing there is also a rapid increase in the demand for organ transplantation. As a result of a complicated mechanisms in different studies , activation of some factors including FLT1 (Fms Related Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 1), macrophages, fibroblast, hypoxia, platelet drive growth factor, fibrin-based tissue ,mature vessel networks ,VEGF( Vascular endothelial growth factor) and mechanical processes are been inducing factors for vascular anastomosis. Certainly, vascular anastomosis models are necessary for in vitro vascular anastomosis formation to cover vessels with perivascular cells in a microfluidic device or discover new surgery techniques. In this study, an attempt was made to collect effective factors in inducing vascular anastomosis.
Ava Hemmat; Faezeh Mashhadi; Mohsen Nematy; Nayere Khadem; Ezzat Hajmolla Rezaei; Fatemeh Roudi
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder in women of reproductive age. Several studies have shown that inflammation factors have a crucial role in the function of the ovary as ovarian dysfunction can be caused by an imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Other studies ...
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorder in women of reproductive age. Several studies have shown that inflammation factors have a crucial role in the function of the ovary as ovarian dysfunction can be caused by an imbalance of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Other studies have shown that PCOS patients have high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), c-reactive protein (CRP(, interleukin-6 )IL-6(, and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Inflammation can be caused by a variety of factors including diet, and diet-induced inflammation can contribute to insulin resistance and atherogenesis as well as ovulation problems in women with PCOS. It is possible to calculate the components of diet and inflammation caused by diet using many different indices. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) are relatively new indices. As HEI is the overall health index for diet and DII indicates the inflammatory index of the diet, it is possible that a person’s diet can be generally healthy but has a high risk of inflammation, so these two indices should be considered together. Furthermore, dietary management of PCOS patients can reduce hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, and inflammation, which in turn helps to control and reduce disease complications such as infertility.
Majid Rrazavi; Mona Najaf Najafi; Mahnaz Ahmadi; Iman Kashani
Abstract
Introduction:Bleeding during ENT surgeries may contribute to impaired view. The less blood in surgical filed, the better quality and more surgeon’s satisfaction is expected. Deliberate hypotension is a technique to achieve this goal. Current study aimed to evaluate effects of Labetalol andNitroglycerinein ...
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Introduction:Bleeding during ENT surgeries may contribute to impaired view. The less blood in surgical filed, the better quality and more surgeon’s satisfaction is expected. Deliberate hypotension is a technique to achieve this goal. Current study aimed to evaluate effects of Labetalol andNitroglycerinein deliberate hypotension. Methods: It is a double blind RCT,conducted on 68 septo-rhinoplastypatients in ENT ward, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, during 2017 after obtaining written consent. Patients were assigned to receive Nitroglycerine (n=32) or Labetalol (n=36) randomly. Mean arterial pressure and HR monitored. Total blood loss was estimated and recorded at a Boezaart Surgical Field Grading Scale. Surgeon’s satisfaction with surgical field condition was measured after the procedures using a questionnaire at a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Two studied groups were similar in demographic characteristics. Heart rate was lower in Labetalol group (P <0.001) significantly, but there was no significant difference between two groups regarding mean arterial pressure variations (P = 0.12). Surgeon’s satisfaction with the operation condition was not significantly different (P= 0.28). According to Boezaart scale, no statistically significant difference was found between groups with regard to bleeding volume (P= 0.75). Patients in Labetalol group received less additive drugs to maintain hypotension than another group (P=0.025). Conclusion: Although Labetalol and Nitoglycerine are not much different in reducing blood loss or providing a better view of surgical field but Labetalol is superior in maintaining heart rate and hypotension and noneed toadditive drug.
Faria Hasanzadeh Haghighi; Hadi Farsiani; Mina Mostafavi; Mohammadhassan Aelami
Abstract
Meningitis is a clinical syndrome that occurs for a variety of reasons such as bacterial infections. Acute bacterial meningitis can occur at any age, and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumonia is a bacterial meningitis that can lead to pneumococcal meningitis, especially in ...
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Meningitis is a clinical syndrome that occurs for a variety of reasons such as bacterial infections. Acute bacterial meningitis can occur at any age, and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumonia is a bacterial meningitis that can lead to pneumococcal meningitis, especially in children. In recent decades, the percentage of pneumococcal strains resistant to penicillin and cephalosporins isolated from children has increased. This has made vancomycin the first empirical antibiotic therapy for children with suspected bacterial meningitis.In this report, we introduce a 13-month-old child who was brought to the emergency department of Akbar Children’s Hospital, Mashhad (a city in northeastern Iran) with complaints of high-grade fever and drowsiness. Meningitis was diagnosed via sampling of cerebrospinal fluid, and the culture indicated S. pneumonia that was non-sensitive to vancomycin. The e-test and microdilution have been approved to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin; however, the e-test is a more straightforward method and the error probability is less while providing similar results to microdilution. Also, both methods can predict vancomycin tolerance or reduce sensitivity to vancomycin. Results of the e-test indicate MIC=2.
Sepideh Babaniamansour; Nazanin Ershadinia; Ehsan Aliniagerdroudbari; Amirmohammad Babaniamansour; Atieh Masali; Alireza Entezari
Abstract
Introduction:Hyperthyrotropinemia (HT) can be transient or permanent. There is no specific protocol in confirmatory tests to discriminate between transient and permanent forms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of transient HT and the factors that help to discriminate transient ...
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Introduction:Hyperthyrotropinemia (HT) can be transient or permanent. There is no specific protocol in confirmatory tests to discriminate between transient and permanent forms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of transient HT and the factors that help to discriminate transient from permanent HT. Methods:This was an observational prospective study in all neonates diagnosed with HT referred to the pediatric clinic of Boali Hospital, affiliated to Islamic Azad University Tehran Faculty of Medicine, Tehran, Iran during September 2017 and January 2019. The recovery rate was investigated during a three-month follow-up while withholding medical treatment. Data were analyzed with SPSS Version 22.0.Results: Totally, 80 neonates (65% girls) were enrolled in this study. Among them, 62 participants (77.5%) recovered without any treatment during the three months of follow-up. The recovery rate was significantly higher in term newborns (p < 0.01). The mean weight of recovered neonates (2767.7 ± 440.2 gr) was significantly higher than that of the neonates who did not recover (2141.7 ± 755.2) (p < 0.01). The mean level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of the recovered neonates (9.4 ± 3.0 mIU/L) was significantly lower than in the neonates who did not recover (22 ± 6.5 mIU/L) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The outcome of HT became mostly permanent in patients with a higher level of TSH. The prematurity and low birth weight were the influential factors on TSH level, which could indirectly increase the risk of HT permanence.
Najmeh Malekzadeh
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as motor neuron disease is a destroying neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons. It is now believed that primary diagnosis and treatment are essential and useful. Early diagnosis with newer methods prevents the progression ...
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as motor neuron disease is a destroying neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons. It is now believed that primary diagnosis and treatment are essential and useful. Early diagnosis with newer methods prevents the progression of the disease and allows you to choose the right treatment at a more appropriate time. Earlier and more efficient treatment becomes visible to significantly improve the prognosis of this disease. In this article, we define the disease and the methods of diagnosing it, Then the mechanisms of the disease and treatment options based on these are described. ultimately the old and new methods for treatment ALS were reviewed. These methods include: small molecule, nanotechnology, protein therapy, gene therapy, bone marrow transplantation, stem cell therapy, miRNA therapy and gene editing. The purpose of this review article is to help diagnose and select a suitable treatment and improve patients more effectively.
Ahmad Nemati; Farkhonde Nikkhah; Mohammad Moshiri; Hanie Salmani Izadi; Leila Etemad
Abstract
SV (sodium valproate) is an antiepileptic drug that is often prescribed for epilepsy, bipolar disorders, and migraine. We reported an SV intoxicated case that cardiac and neurologic abnormalities were promptly responded to hemodialysis (HD). She ingested a large amount of SV (150 pills of SV 200mg) for ...
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SV (sodium valproate) is an antiepileptic drug that is often prescribed for epilepsy, bipolar disorders, and migraine. We reported an SV intoxicated case that cardiac and neurologic abnormalities were promptly responded to hemodialysis (HD). She ingested a large amount of SV (150 pills of SV 200mg) for a suicide attempt. She was initially alert but her Glasco coma scale (GCS) decreased to 6 thought 11 hours. However, valproate (>150mg/l) and ammonia serum (164µg/dL) levels were not excessively elevated. The serial electrocardiography (ECG) showed QT prolongation and a signs of sodium channel block such as dominant R wave in AVR lead and T-wave inversion in the precordial leads. She had low level of calcium and potassium serum levels. Supportive treatment, charcoal, and L-carnitine, were not effective and HD was started due to the resistant cardiac and neurologic symptoms. After a 3-hour HD session, decreased GCS, pathological ECG findings, and laboratory abnormalities dramatically disappeared. In conclusion, HD is an effective and rapid response treatment for Valproate-induced loss of consciousness and life-threatening cardiac abnormality.