The effect of serum levels of vitamin C on asthmatic children: a systematic review
Farhad
Heydarian
Department of Pediatrics, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Hamid
Ahanchian
Department of Allergy and Immunology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Maryam
Khalesi
Department of Pediatrics, Emam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Saeed
Ebrahimi
Department of Pediatrics, Emam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder that is distinguished by coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. It is the most common chronic disease among children. Epidemiological trials have suggested that there may be a correlation between vitamin C intake and the incidence of asthma. Specifically, according to these studies, a rapid increase in the occurrence of asthma may be caused by a decreased intake of dietary antioxidants and various vitamins such as vitamin C. A systematic review was performed to determine the role that vitamin C, in terms of both dietary intake and serum levels, had on asthma in children. Methods: PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies that provide information on the effects of vitamin C on asthma in children aged between 1 and 17 years. The inclusion criteria specified that the studies involved needed to be cohort and case series involving at least ten patients. Exclusion criteria were non-English articles, case reports, and articles involving children who were aged below or above the age 1 and 17 respectively.Result: A total of 13 studies involving 6503 patients met the inclusion criteria. Dietary vitamin C intake was lower in people with asthma than in those without asthma. Lower quantity dietary intakes and serum levels of vitamin C were also associated with increased incidents of asthma.Conclusion: According to the extracted data, a relatively low dietary intake of vitamin C is associated with an increased risk of asthma and wheezing. Moreover, asthmatic patients who consumed vitamin C exhibited an improvement in their diseases.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
87
92
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6473_c5937cbfcc5a27539907af5f91b3b016.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.001
Is the inferior vena cava diameter measured by bedside ultrasonography valuable in estimating the intravascular volume in patients with septic shock?
Mortaza
Talebi Doluee
Department of Emergency Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad, Iran.
author
hamidreza
Reihani
Emergency Medicine Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Vahide
Farzam
Department of Emergency Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad,Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction:Resuscitation should be initiated immediately in shock. Early goal-directed therapy is an established algorithm for the resuscitation in septic shock. The first step is to maintain cardiac preload. Central venous pressure (CVP) plays an important role in goal-directed therapy. Central venous catheterization is invasive and time-consuming in emergency conditions. There are some alternative and noninvasive methods for estimating the intravascular volume such as measuring the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter by ultrasonography. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus databases with keywords (central venous pressure OR venous pressure OR CVP) AND (ultrasonography OR sonography) AND (sepsis OR septic shock) AND (inferior vena cava OR IVC).Result: The search resulted in 2550 articles. The articles were appraised regarding the relevance, type of article, and statistical methods. Finally, 12 articles were selected. The number of patients was between 30 and 83 cases (mean age=57-67 years), intubated and non-intubated in each study. The IVC diameter was measured in respiratory cycle by bedside ultrasonography in longitudinal subxiphoid view and caval index was calculated, then they were compared with the CVP measured by central venous catheter.Discussion: CVP is an indicator of intravascular fluid status and right heart function. CVP measurement is an invasive method and of course with some complications. The IVC is the biggest vein of venous system with low-pressure; expansion of the vein reflects intravascular volume.Conclusion: It seems that IVC diameter measured by ultrasonography could be used as an alternative method for the determination of CVP in the emergency or critical patients.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
93
97
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6402_18734e2b8102846a8d82a3822c17622a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.002
Prevalence of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in patients with colorectal cancer in Iran: a systematic review
Abbas
Esmaeilzadeh
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Kambiz
Akhavan Rezayat
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hooman
Masannen Mozaffari
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ali
Bahari
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Omid
Ghanaei
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Azita
Ganji
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ali
Mokhtarifar
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahla
Rahmani Khorram
Medical student, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ladan
Goshayeshi
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the world, and hereditary factors and family history are responsible for the incidence and development of the disease in 20 to 30% of cases. Lynch syndrome, or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the most common hereditary form of CRC that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This study consisted of a systematic literature review of research articles that described the prevalence of HNPCC in Iranian patients with CRC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, IranMedex, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant articles that describe HNPCC or Lynch syndrome in patients with CRC in Iran. For this purpose, a keyword search of the following terms was employed: (((Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer OR HNPCC OR Lynch syndrome)) AND (colorectal cancer OR familial colorectal cancer OR colon cancer OR rectal cancer OR bowel cancer)) AND IRAN. All eligible documents were collected, and the desired data were qualitatively analyzed.Result: Of the 67 articles that were found via the initial database search, only 12 were deemed to be of relevance to the current study. These articles included a total population of 3237 and this sample was selected and qualitatively analyzed. The findings of the review revealed that the frequency of mutation in MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6 genes varied between 23.1% and 62.5% among the studied families. This indicated that HNPCC is linked with up to 5.5% of the total cases of colorectal cancers in Iran.Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the hereditary form of HNPCC or Lynch syndrome is significantly high among patients with CRC in Iran
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
98
104
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_7150_baeb49eb9bb1bb1fd7282630b764770d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.003
The use of magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain size of young children with autism
Farah
Ashrafzadeh
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mehran
Beiraghi Toosi
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohammad Hasan
Mohammadi
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a syndrome of social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. While the impairments associated with ASD tend to deteriorate from childhood into adulthood, it is of critical importance that the syndrome is diagnosed at an early age. One means of facilitating this is through understanding how the brain of people with ASD develops from early childhood. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice for in vivo and non-invasive investigations of the morphology of the human brain, especially when the subjects are children. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of existing structural MRI studies that have investigated brain size in ASD children of up to 5 years old. Methods: In this study, we systematically reviewed published papers that describe research studies in which the brain size of ASD children has been examined. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for all relevant original articles that described the use of MRI techniques to study ASD patients who were between 1 and 5 years old. To be included in the review, all studies needed to be cohort and case series that involved at least 10 patients. No time limitations were placed on the searched articles within the inclusion criteria. The exclusion criteria were non-English articles, case reports, and articles that described research involving subjects that were not within the qualifying age range of 1-5 years old.Result: After an initial screening process through which the title, abstracts, and full text of the articles were reviewed to confirm they met the inclusion criteria, a total of 10 relevant articles were studied in depth. All studies found that children with ASD who were within the selected age range had a larger brain size than children without ASD.Discussion: The findings of recent studies indicate that the vast majority of ASD patients exhibit an enlarged brain; however, the extent of the enlargement varies from study to study. As such, further studies are required to develop an understanding of the areas of the brain in which enlargement manifests in children with ASD before the age of five and to verify the significance of the prognostic value of MRI as a non-invasive diagnostic technique that can be employed to detect ASD in young children.Conclusion: Based on the extracted data, brain size was related to the emergence and presence of autism in children who were below school age. The use of MRI represents a functional and non-invasive method of confirming ASD in children who have an initial ASD diagnosis.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
105
110
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6470_0c58060801adee6019e22f643b64eabe.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.004
Does global longitudinal speckle-tracking strain predict left ventricular remodeling in patients with myocardial infarction? a systematic review
Afsoon
Fazlinejad
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ali
Samadzade
Student Research Committee, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Ramin
Khameneh Bagheri
Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Nayere
Tousi
Department of Pediatric , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, , Mashhad, Iran
author
Amin
Rezaeian
Student Research Committee, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Left ventricular remodeling is a relatively prevalent complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and it is associated with higher rates of medical issues and mortality. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) are unable to detect accurately minor lesions following AMI. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), which is obtained through 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), provides an angle-dependent measurement by which the infarcted area can be assessed as a means of identifying potential dysfunction. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether GLS could adequately predict LV remodeling in AMI patients. Methods: The MEDLINE database from database inception to May 6th, 2015, was searched for relevant keywords and the reference lists of systematic reviews and eligible studies were also screened. All studies involving patients with their first reported case of AMI were examined for GLS by 2D-STE and were evaluated for LV remodeling at a three-month follow-up point. Four English-language prospective cohort studies were eligible for inclusion in this study.Result: A total of 291 AMI patients (mean age=57.92 years) were investigated across four different studies. The main finding of this study was that the most reliable and consistent measurement for the purposes of predicting LV remodeling in AMI patients is GLS obtained at the time of discharge, especially in STEMI patients.Discussion: In addition to their poor reproducibility, inability to stratify risks, and inter-observer variability, compensatory hyperkinesis of intact myocytes and myocardial stunning after an AMI are among the main reasons why LVEF and WMSI may not be the most effective predictors of LV remodeling in AMI.Conclusion: GLS obtained by 2D-STE at the time of discharge could be used as a reliable predictor of LV remodeling in AMI patients.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
111
116
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6472_ce2f076f2d40d5952b6f1aec5f9a21f7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.005
Transcranial direct current stimulation in post-stroke dysphagia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Kavian
Ghandehari
Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Mmedical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Marjan
Erfani
Department of Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Elnaz
Kiadarbandsari
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Meysam
Pourgholami
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: The aim of this research was to systematically review all the randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on post-stroke dysphagia. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for relevant articles that were uploaded from their inception to March 2015: PubMed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Scopus. All data was that was related to the location of the cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the parameters of tDCS, post-stroke time to commencement of tDCS, the stimulated hemisphere, stimulation dose, any outcome measurements, and follow-up duration were extracted and assessed. Finally, a number of observations were generated through a qualitative synthesis of the extracted data.Result: Three eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review. All three trials reported that, in comparison to a placebo, tDCS had a statistically significant effect on post-stroke dysphagia.Discussion: The results of our systematic review suggest that tDCS may represent a promising novel treatment for post-stroke dysphagia. However, to date, little is known about the optimal parameters of tDCS for relieving post-stroke dysphagia. Further studies are warranted to refine this promising intervention by exploring the optimal parameters of tDCS.Conclusion: Since brainstem swallowing centers have bilateral cortical innervations, measures that enhance cortical input and sensorimotor control of brainstem swallowing may facilitate recovery from dysphagia.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
117
121
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6406_2787f76b9426a6c2f599bf8d67000613.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.006
The role of candida albicans in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris: a systematic literature review
Sona
Sepahi
Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture, & Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran.
author
Bamdad
Riahi-Zanjani
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Adel
Ghorani-Azam
Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that is related to many genetic, and environmental factors, as well as infectious pathogens. Findings suggest that the Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the possible association between C. albicans and the prevalence of psoriasis. Methods: A systematic search of existing literature was performed in the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases and the Google search engine using the following search strategy ((Candida albicans OR C. albicans OR Candida)) AND (psoriasis vulgaris OR plaque psoriasis OR psoriasis) to find relevant articles that described a possible positive or negative association between C. albicans and the incidence or progression of psoriasis. The search was not limited to articles that were published within a specific time period; however, only those written in the English language were included in the review.Result: Of the 499 articles in total that were identified during the initial database search, 491 were excluded from the review because they failed to meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The total number of people involved in the selected studies, including both patients and healthy controls, was 1260. The analysis of the results of the included documents showed that the colonization of C. albicans is more prevalent in biological specimens taken from psoriatic patients.Conclusion: Studies show that C. albicans, opportunistic yeast, like diploid fungus, may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
122
127
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6485_b55e7ed3dcef5408a53e666084e772bc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6485
Pharmacological treatment of chronic constipation: a literature review
Roshanak
Salari
Department of Traditional Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mahdi
Yousefi
Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Masoumeh
Salari
Department of Internal Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Chronic constipation is a very common disease that is particularly commonplace among members of the elderly population. It is one of the most widespread bowel disorders, and it causes significant pain and discomfort; as such, it usually requires medical attention. The major causes of constipation are slow colonic movements and/or functional gastrointestinal disorders. This review aimed to examine the pharmacological treatments that are currently available for chronic constipation. To develop insights into the causes and treatments of chronic constipation, relevant review articles that were published on the Pubmed, Cochrane database, and Embase websites, were examined. The outputs of these studies indicated that high daily intake of fibers and fluids in addition to regular exercise can be very helpful in avoiding and treating constipation. The pharmacological treatments that are administered to treat this disease typically increase the water content of the bowel lumen, and this leads to more regular bowel movements. Novel drugs have been introduced to treat constipation, and many of these are now subject to formal research studies. Since constipation can facilitate the development of other gastrointestinal diseases, it is important that we develop an understanding the therapeutic treatments that are available with the intention of identifying which of these may represent the most effective method for treating this disease. With that objective in mind, this review was undertaken to review the clinical effectiveness of the different pharmacological treatments that are employed to treat or prevent constipation.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
3
no.
2016
128
132
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6818_f1701ede72212c0ec5016b0deaeed0f3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6818