Prognostic value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with diffuse axonal injury: a systematic literature review
Ali
Shamsa
Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Introduction: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an imaging technique that provides spectroscopic information about changes in biological markers. Studies suggest that MRS can be helpful in determining the prognosis of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI).Methods: The PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched in June 2015 using following search strategy: (“Magnetic resonance spectroscopy” OR MRS OR “MR spectroscopy”) AND [(“Diffuse axonal injury” OR DAI] AND Prognosis) to find relevant articles in which the prognostic value of MRS had been investigated in patients with traumatic DAI. All relevant information was extracted from the identified articles and used to synthesize the data for the purpose of this study.Result: In total, 19 articles were found in PubMed and 151 in Scopus. Of these, eight documents were selected for further data extraction following the application of the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The total number of patients who participated in the research studies described in the selected documents was 197. All of the selected documents showed that MRS can be used to quantitatively assess metabolite changes in patients with DAI.Discussion: The results of the studies indicate that MRS imaging as a sensitive method can quantitatively determine even small variations in metabolites. Any changes in the metabolite level of the brain after traumatic injury may be a useful predictor of a patient’s outcome; therefore, if the sensitivity of MRS is proven, this method can have prognostic value when employed with patients with DAI.Conclusion: Based on the results of this systematic review, MRS is a sensitive tool that is helpful in determining the prognosis of patients with DAI.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
1
6
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6481_5235be3c33dddca3803c7514d560d7a5.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6481
Effect of valproic acid on metabolic status and endocrine system in pediatric patients with epilepsy: systematic literature review
Sona
Sepahi
Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Bamdad
Riahi-Zanjani
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Adel
Ghorani-Azam
Medical Toxicology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Introduction: Valproic acid (VPA) is an acidic compound that is commonly used as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing agent in the treatment of epilepsy, mania and bipolar disorders as well as the prevention of migraine headaches. But, it can affect metabolic and endocrine system resulting in hormonal disturbances and incidence of some metabolic disease, especially in pediatric patients. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature wherein metabolic and endocrine effect of valproic acid has been studied in pediatric patients with epilepsy.Methods: To evaluate the relationship between VPA consumption and metabolic diseases, a systematic literature search was performed through searching for related documents in the PubMed and Scopus as two known databases using the following key terms “valproic acid”, “metabolic disease” and “pediatrics” in the title, keywords, and abstract of literatures. Data were then extracted and described.Result: Nearly 934 documents were collected and reviewed based on the main purpose of this study. Of the collected articles, 918 documents were excluded in several step by step processes of article selection, and only 16 relevant documents were included for further data assessment. The results showed that VPA can cause significant increase in plasma concentration of thyroid hormones and therefore increase the risk of metabolic disease in patients with epilepsy.Conclusion:The results of included documents in this review showed that VPA may induce metabolic and hormonal disturbances in pediatric patients, who were on treatment with VPA.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
7
13
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6490_c7a69927e5a094e3207638a6688867ea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6490
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on chronic liver disease: systematic literature review
Hooman
Mosannen Mozaffari
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hosein Ali
Abbasi
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ladan
Goshayeshi
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Abbas
Esmaeelzadeh
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ali
Bahari
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ali
Mokhtarifar
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Azita
Ganji
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Omid
Ghanaei
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Kambiz
Akhavan Rezayat
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Introduction: It is long known that vitamin D deficiency was common in patients with liver disease, but little is known on the therapeutic effects of vitamin D, especially in patients with chronic liver disease. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literatures and study the evidences in which the effects of vitamin D supplementation had been investigated on the severity of chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis.Methods: A systematic literature search was performed by using the following key terms “vitamin D supplementation” and “chronic liver disease” in the PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar to find relevant articles. After collecting the eligible documents, data were extracted and described based on the purpose of this review.Result: Of total 196 articles found, only 7 relevant documents with 518 studied patients were included. The results of this study showed that the levels of 25(OH) D were considerably lower in patients with chronic liver disease. Findings showed that vitamin D supplementation can rise up the mean serum level of 25(OH) D in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency, especially patients with liver cirrhosis.Conclusion:The results of this review showed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the severity of liver disease and may have prognostic value in the assessment of liver disease. Also, it was shown that vitamin D supplementation may be helpful for the treatment of liver disease at least in certain groups of patients.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
14
19
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_7487_46fbd2152bc7a1ef8f6a7d643581fff6.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.7487
Effects of erythropoietin on neurological performance of patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic literature review
Gholamreza
Bahadorkhan
Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Omid
Daneshvarfard
Department of Neurosurgery, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that administering erythropoietin (EPO) can have a beneficial impact on the clinical outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This review examines the possible therapeutic effects EPO can have neuronal functions, neurological performance, and neurological recovery. Methods: The PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched on the 5th June, 2015, using the following search strategy: (“traumatic brain injury” OR “brain trauma”) AND (erythropoietin OR EPO) to identify relevant articles in which the effect of erythropoietin on patients with TBI was assessed. No time limitation was defined as the inclusion criteria. All available studies were extracted and categorized based on the purpose of this study.Result: Of the 908 articles in total that were identified during the initial database search, 901 documents were excluded from further examination because they did not meet the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The total number of patients enrolled in the selected literature was 798. Of these, the use of EPO failed to show significant improvement in 113 patients.Discussion: Previous studies have shown that EPO may represent a valuable neuroprotectant that is useful in the treatment of neonatal brain injury, neurodegeneration, and TBI. Studies on animal TBI models have also found that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) reduces the development of post-traumatic brain edema.Conclusion: EPO may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of TBI. In addition, it can improve the patients› recovery prospects and reduce in-hospital mortality and morbidity.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
20
25
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6480_8b2c2b7400afa75bf7128cae96f99338.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6480
C4d and C3d immunohistochemical evaluation on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue for the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid: systematic review of the literatures
Mahsa
Akbari Oryani
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Masomeh
Safaei
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Farzane
Farzam
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hadi
Razmara
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Navid
Fathi
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Introduction: Several methods are available for the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disease. Since the immunohistochemistry of complement component is easy and more accessible compared to other methods, it is thought that this technique as an efficient method can replace other difficult, and time-consuming procedures. Therefore, in this study we aimed to systematically review the literatures in which the diagnostic value of complement component 3d (C3d) and C4d had been investigated in bullous pemphigoid. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus using following search method (((C3d OR C4d OR complement component 3d OR complement component 4d immunohistochemistry)) OR (C3d OR C4d marker OR complement component 3d OR complement component 4d marker)) AND (bullous pemphigoid OR cutaneous pemphigoid) to evaluate the diagnostic value of C3d and/or C4d for early and accurate detection of bullous pemphigoid on November 2015. Subsequently, the extracted data were described.Result: Total of 28 documents were collected and reviewed based on the purpose of this study. Of the collected articles, 21 documents were excluded in several steps of article selection process and only 7 relevant articles were included for data assessment. The results showed that the deposits of C3d and/or C4d in skin biopsies were found in 125 of 134 patients, indicating that immunohistochemistry is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases.Conclusion: The results of this review showed that C3d and/or C4d immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies is a reliable technique for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases, particularly bullous pemphigoid.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
26
30
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6822_0d3e22f1456c8019d0c3ecade1699585.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6822
Reflex epilepsy: a review
Karim
Nikkhah
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad Taghi
Farzadfard
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Fariborz
Rezaeitalab
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Interesting phenomena of reflex epileptic syndromes are characterized by epileptic seizures each one induced by specific stimulus with a variety of types. Simple triggers, which lead to seizures within seconds, are of sensory type (most commonly visual, most rarely tactile or proprioceptive stimuli). Complex triggers, which are mostly of cognitive type such as praxis, reading, talking, and music, usually induce the epileptic event within minutes. It should differ from what most epileptic patients report as provocative precipitants for seizures (such as emotional stress, fatigue, fever, sleep deprivation, alcohol, and menstrual cycle). The identification of a specific trigger is not only important for patients or their parents to avoid seizures, but also it might help neurologists to choose the most effective antiepileptic drug for each case. In addition, research in this area may possibly reveal some underlying pathophysiology of epileptic phenomena in the brain.In this review, we briefly introduce reported reflex epileptic seizures, their clinical features and management.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
31
34
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6827_f6a20de7d612c6e1554f9ee5e98c5387.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.6827
Different methods for assessment of nutritional status in newborn infants based on physical and anthropometric indexes: a short review article
Ali Asghar
Rashidi
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Abdolreza
Norouzy
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Bahare
Imani
Department of Pediatrics, NICU Dr.Sheikh Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohsen
Nematy
Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Heidarzadeh
Department of Pediatrics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Director of Department of Neonatal Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tabriz, Iran.
author
Ali
Taghipour
Department of Biostatistics and Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Several complications during childhood is associated with nutritional status of infants at birth. Therefore, nutritional status of newborns must be evaluated properly after birth. Assessment of the nutritional status of neonates based on anthropometric and physical indices is simple and inexpensive without the need for advanced medical equipment. However, no previous studies have focused on the assessment methods of the nutritional status of infants via anthropometric and physical indices. This study aimed to review some of the key methods used to determine the nutritional status of neonates using anthropometric and physical indices. To date, most studies have focused on the diagnosis of fetal malnutrition (FM) and growth monitoring. In order to diagnose FM, researchers have used growth charts and Ponderal index (PI) based on anthropometric indices, as well as Clinical Assessment of Nutritional (CAN) Score based on physical features. Moreover, in order to assess the growth status of infants, growth charts were used. According to the findings of this study, standard intrauterine growth curves and the PI are common measurement tools in the diagnosis of FM. Furthermore, CAN score is widely used in the evaluation of the nutritional status of neonates. Given the differences in the physical features of term and preterm infants, this index should be adjusted for preterm neonates. Longitudinal growth charts are one of the most prominent methods used for monitoring of the growth patterns of infants.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
35
38
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_7520_b441b54252637151ff3bca2e11a4c6be.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2016.7520
Risks associated with preeclampsia: possible mechanisms
Bentolhoda
Sahebnasagh
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Mohammad Javad
Hosseinzadeh-Attar
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
author
Amrollah
Sharifi
Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology- GRCGH, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
eng
Findings have shown that low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level is a possible risk factor for incidence of preeclampsia during pregnancy. Vitamin D has important effects on multiple biological pathways, including angiogenesis. Some studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among women suffering from preeclampsia, influencing immune modulation and vascular function. Evidence has shown that an imbalance of pro-antigenic and anti-angiogenic proteins can be considered as a possible etiological factor in the development of preeclampsia. Besides, there is a series of studies linking the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) with preeclampsia. In this article, we review the current studies evaluating the association between maternal vitamin D status and vascular health, metabolism, placental immune function and the risk of preeclampsia. We provided evidence of the different factor involved in the metabolism of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression, gene regulations, immune function, and chronic disease when vitamin D is used optimally.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
4
v.
1
no.
2017
39
44
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_8234_8f9f53d1cb9acb7de38d7d21aa1dd84f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22038/rcm.2017.13735.1156