ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of fatty liver disease: a systematic review
Introduction: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a sensitive and non-invasive imaging method that provides information about the metabolite variations due to pathological damages. In this study, we aimed to systematically review studies in which the MRS had been used for quantitative analysis of steatohepatitis.Methods: PubMed and Scopus were methodically searched in June 2015 with following search method (((magnetic resonance spectroscopy OR MR spectroscopy OR MRS)) AND (hepatic steatosis OR steatohepatitis OR fatty liver)) AND Quantitative) to find relevant documents in which the diagnostic value of MRS had been investigated in patients with hepatic steatosis. Obtainable information were extracted and used for further evaluation based on the main purpose of this study.Results: Of 88 articles found in the PubMed and 328 found in the Scopus, only 10 relevant documents were selected and used for data extraction according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of total 2963 participants enrolled in the selected studies, 1428 were male and 1535 were female. The results of this review showed that MRS is reliable technique for quantitative assessment of steatohepatitis.Conclusion: Findings showed that MRS as a non-invasive imaging method can quantitatively determine even small changes of metabolites due to pathological damages. As well, findings suggested that the results obtained by MR spectroscopy can be considered as reference standard in quantitative analysis. Based on the results of studied documents, MRS as a sensitive tool is helpful in the quantitative assessment of patients with fatty liver disease.
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_8232_c0a76b663ee8d8ae448b2ed8f4d0b02b.pdf
2017-05-01
45
49
10.22038/rcm.2017.13607.1155
Fatty liver
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Steatohepatitis
Maryam
Tavakoli
tavakolimnf@gmail.com
1
Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Donya
Farrokh
farrokhd@mums.ac.ir
2
Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hijona E, Hijona L, Arenas JI, et al. Inflammatory mediators of hepatic steatosis. Mediators Inflamm. 2010;2010:837419.
1
Farrell GC, Larter CZ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2006;43:S99-S112.
2
Adinolfi LE, Gambardella M, Andreana A, et al. Steatosis accelerates the progression of liver damage of chronic hepatitis C patients and correlates with specific HCV genotype and visceral obesity. Hepatology. 2001;33:1358-1364.
3
Marchesini G, Brizi M, Bianchi G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2001;50:1844-1850.
4
Tsochatzis EA, Papatheodoridis GV. Is there any progress in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2011;2:1-5.
5
Clark JM. The epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40:S5-10.
6
Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:124-131.
7
McCullough AJ. The clinical features, diagnosis and natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2004;8:521-533.
8
Falck-Ytter Y, Younossi ZM, Marchesini G, et al. Clinical features and natural history of nonalcoholic steatosis syndromes. Semin Liver Dis. 2001;21:17-26.
9
Dagnelie PC, Leij-Halfwerk S. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study hepatic metabolism in diffuse liver diseases, diabetes and cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:1577-1586.
10
Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:W65-94.
11
Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, et al. Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011;34:729-749.
12
Springer F, Machann J, Claussen CD, et al. Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16:1560-1566.
13
Gujar SK, Maheshwari S, Bjorkman-Burtscher I, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Neuroophthalmol. 2005;25:217-226.
14
Brunetti-Pierri N, Bhattacharjee MB, Wang ZJ, et al. Brain proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neuromuscular pathology in a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis. J Child Neurol. 2008;23:73-78.
15
Sweet RA, Panchalingam K, Pettegrew JW, et al. Psychosis in Alzheimer disease: postmortem magnetic resonance spectroscopy evidence of excess neuronal and membrane phospholipid pathology. Neurobiol Aging. 2002;23:547-553.
16
Soper R, Himmelreich U, Painter D, et al. Pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma and its precursors using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and a statistical classification strategy. Pathology. 2002;34:417-422.
17
Williamson R, Perry E, Glancy S, et al. The use of ultrasound to diagnose hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes: intra-and interobserver variability and comparison with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Radiol. 2011;66:434-439.
18
Abrigo JM, Shen J, Wong VW, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: spectral patterns observed from an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Hepatol. 2014;60:809-815.
19
Georgoff P, Thomasson D, Louie A, et al. Hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy for measurement and diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012;199:2-7.
20
Guiu B, Crevisy-Girod E, Binquet C, et al. Prediction for steatosis in type-2 diabetes: clinico-biological markers versus 1H-MR spectroscopy. Eur Radiol. 2012;22:855-863.
21
Koelblinger C, Krssak M, Maresch J, et al. Hepatic steatosis assessment with 1H-spectroscopy and chemical shift imaging at 3.0 T before hepatic surgery: reliable enough for making clinical decisions? Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:2990-2995.
22
van Werven JR, Schreuder TC, Aarts EO, et al. Hepatic steatosis in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery: assessment with open-system 1H-MR spectroscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2011;196:W736-742.
23
Sharma P, Martin DR, Pineda N, et al. Quantitative analysis of T2-correction in single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hepatic lipid fraction. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;29:629-635.
24
Zhong L, Chen JJ, Chen J, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: quantitative assessment of liver fat content by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Dig Dis. 2009;10:315-320.
25
Wang N, Dong H, Wei S, et al. Application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and computerized tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2008;28:295-298.
26
Machann J, Thamer C, Schnoedt B, et al. Hepatic lipid accumulation in healthy subjects: a comparative study using spectral fat-selective MRI and volume-localized 1H-MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med. 2006;55:913-917.
27
Szczepaniak LS, Nurenberg P, Leonard D, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005;288:E462-468.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Endothelial progenitor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Introduction: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known as putative cells in neovasculogenesis during pathological conditions, which are derived from bone marrow. This study was performed to systematically review the EPCs frequency in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by evaluating the expression of CD133 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) markers.Methods: We search the PubMed and Scopus databases for the following keywords; CD133 AND lung AND VEGF. Inclusion criteria were all the articles studied the expression of both CD133 and VEGF markers in patients with NSCLC. No language and date restrictions were imposed to the search strategy. All the articles that studied only one biomarker or those that investigated the markers expression and EPCs count in patients with other types of tumors except NSCLC were excluded from the study.Result: Totally 51 articles obtained following the primary search of both databases. Only 7 of them had the eligibility to be included in this systematic review. Six articles were case- control and one was a cohort type of investigation. Flowcytometry and immunohistochemistry were the most applied methods for estimating the EPCs count and evaluating the expression of markers in circulating peripheral blood and tumors tissue. The expression of EPCs markers was increased in patients with NSCLC compared to healthy control individuals; however, the frequency of EPCs was low in peripheral blood of patients.Conclusion: Although it is not clear that circulating EPC numbers are associated with lung cancer patients angiogenesis, EPCs and VEGF levels are elevated in patients with operable NSCLC. The ideal method for evaluating circulating endothelia cells (CECs) or EPCs levels in vivo is still a matter of debate and because of the low number of EPCs in peripheral blood, their detection is technically challenging.
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6484_fceeb9e754c2890d66694ce594be83ed.pdf
2017-05-01
50
56
10.22038/rcm.2016.6484
Endothelial progenitor cells
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Farzane
Farzam
1
Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masume
Safaee
2
Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mahsa
Akbari Oryani
3
Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hadi
Razmara
4
Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Naveed
Fathee
5
Department of Pathology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Vahide
Farzam
6
Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Dignat-George F, Sampol J, Lip G, et al. Circulating endothelial cells: realities and promises in vascular disorders. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb. 2003-2004;33:495-499.
1
Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science. 1997;275:964-967.
2
Yin AH, Miraglia S, Zanjani ED, et al. AC133, a novel marker for human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood. 1997;90:5002-5012.
3
Shmelkov SV, St Clair R, Lyden D, et al. AC133/CD133/Prominin-1. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37:715-719.
4
Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, et al. Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res. 2003;63:5821-5828.
5
Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi DG, Pilozzi E, et al. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature. 2007;445:111-115.
6
Kojima M, Ishii G, Atsumi N, et al. Immunohistochemical detection of CD133 expression in colorectal cancer: a clinicopathological study. Cancer Sci. 2008;99:1578-1583.
7
Li C, Heidt DG, Dalerba P, et al. Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res. 2007;67:1030-1037.
8
Quirici N, Soligo D, Caneva L, et al. Differentiation and expansion of endothelial cells from human bone marrow CD133(+) cells. Br J Haematol. 2001;115:186-194.
9
Ribatti D. The involvement of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2004;8:294-300.
10
Ferrara N, Houck K, Jakeman LYN, et al. Molecular and biological properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of proteins. Endocr Rev. 1992;13:18-32.
11
Itakura J, Ishiwata T, Shen B, et al. Concomitant over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000;85:27-34.
12
Iijima K, Yoshikawa N, Connolly DT, et al. Human mesangial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce vascular permeability factor. Kidney Int. 1993;44:959-966.
13
Chintalgattu V, Nair DM, Katwa LC. Cardiac myofibroblasts: a novel source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors Flt-1 and KDR. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2003;35:277-286.
14
Pang RWC, Poon RTP. Clinical implications of angiogenesis in cancers. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2006;2:97-108.
15
Niu G, Chen X. Vascular endothelial growth factor as an anti-angiogenic target for cancer therapy. Curr Drug Targets. 2010;11:1000-1017.
16
Sandler AB, Johnson DH, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonals in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:4258s-4262s.
17
Parkin DM, Pisani P, Ferlay J. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 1999;49:33-64.
18
Davidoff AM, Ng CYC, Brown P, et al. Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to tumor neovasculature and, when modified to express an angiogenesis inhibitor, can restrict tumor growth in mice. Clin Cancer Res. 2001;7:2870-2879.
19
Hristov M, Erl W, Weber PC. Endothelial progenitor cells: mobilization, differentiation, and homing. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1185-1189.
20
Dome B, Timar J, Dobos J, et al. Identification and clinical significance of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in human non–small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2006;66:7341-7347.
21
Morita R, Sato K, Nakano M, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells are associated with response to chemotherapy in human non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2011;137:1849-1857.
22
Nowak K, Rafat N, Belle S, et al. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells are increased in human lung cancer and correlate with stage of disease. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;37:758-763.
23
Pircher A, Kahler CM, Skvortsov S, et al. Increased numbers of endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood and tumor specimens in non-small cell lung cancer: a methodological challenge and an ongoing debate on the clinical relevance. Oncol Rep. 2008;19:345-352.
24
Hilbe W, Dirnhofer S, Oberwasserlechner F, et al. CD133 positive endothelial progenitor cells contribute to the tumour vasculature in non-small cell lung cancer.J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:965-959.
25
Salnikov AV, Gladkich J, Moldenhauer G, et al. CD133 is indicative for a resistance phenotype but does not represent a prognostic marker for survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer. 2010;126:950-958.
26
Lyden D, Hattori K, Dias S, et al. Impaired recruitment of bone-marrow–derived endothelial and hematopoietic precursor cells blocks tumor angiogenesis and growth. Nat Med. 2001;7:1194-201.
27
Asahara T, Kawamoto A. Endothelial progenitor cells for postnatal vasculogenesis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287:C572-579.
28
Peichev M, Naiyer AJ, Pereira D, et al. Expression of VEGFR-2 and AC133 by circulating human CD34+ cells identifies a population of functional endothelial precursors. Blood. 2000;95:952-958.
29
Zhou L, Wu S, Yu L, et al. [Expression of CD133 and Notch1 in non-small cell lung cancer and the clinicopathological significance]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2015;35:196-201.
30
Hristov M, Erl W, Weber PC. Endothelial progenitor cells mobilization, differentiation, and homing. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1185-1189.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acupuncture in the treatment of infantile colic: a systematic review
Introduction: The prevalence of infantile colic is high, but there is no safe and effective conventional treatment. Acupuncture is a Chinese method of complementary medicine, and its therapeutic effects have been investigated in colic pain, crying out, fecal excretion, anxiety, relaxation and sleep duration. The use of acupuncture in infantile colic has increased despite weak evidence. The aim of this paper was to review the literature about safety and efficiency of acupuncture in infantile colic.Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Scopus were searched with keywords “infantile colic”, and “acupuncture”, and a manual search of references was also performed in articles. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and case reports were included in this review.Results: Seven of the 36 studies evaluated the effects of acupuncture in infantile colic. Five RCT, one case reports and one personal communication with acupuncturists were evaluated in our studys.Conclusion: Several studies have investigated the effects of acupuncture in infantile colic and found beneficial results. We found evidences of some efficacy and low risk associated with acupuncture in pediatrics. To improve further acupuncture therapy, further research is required to investigate the effects of acupuncture on infantile colic by using experimental and control groups.
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_7876_f0211e7ce6dd4a09437c24fe4a9441dd.pdf
2017-05-01
57
61
10.22038/rcm.2016.7876
Acupuncture
evidence-based medicine
Infantile colic
Hamid Reza
Bahrami
bahramihr@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Complementary and Persian Traditional Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Roshanak
Salari
salari@razi.tums.ac.ir
2
Department of Traditional Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammadreza
Noras
norasmr@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Complementary and Persian Traditional Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Savino F, Garro M, Nicoli S, et al. Infantile colic: looking to old data through new eyes. J Pediatr Neonat Individual Med. 2015;4:e040230.
1
National Institutes of Health. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Web site. Available at: http://nccam.nih.gov. Accessed November 29, 2006.
2
Noras MR, Yousefi M, Kiani MA. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Use in pediatric disease: a short review. Int J Pediatr. 2013; 1:45-49.
3
Adams D, Cheng F, Jou H, et al. The safety of pediatric acupuncture: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e1575-1587.
4
Bahrami HR, Noras M, Saeidi M. Acupuncture Use in Pediatric Disease: A Short Review. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2014; 2:69-72.
5
Savino F, Ceratto S, De Marco A,, ET AL. Looking for new treatments of Infantile Colic. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40:53.
6
Liu HR. Night crying in infants treated by acupuncture. J Chin Med. 1994;46:38.
7
Landgren K, Raith W, Schmölzer GM. Acupuncture in the treatment of infantile colic. Ital J Pediatr. 2015;41:1.
8
Adams D, Cheng F, Jou H, et al. The safety of pediatric acupuncture: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2011;128:e1575-1787.
9
Reinthal M, Andersson S, Gustafsson M, et al. Effects of minimal acupuncture in children with infantile colic–a prospective, quasi-randomised single blind controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2008;26:171-182.
10
Landgren K, Kvorning N, Hallström I. Acupuncture reduces crying in infants with infantile colic: a randomised, controlled, blind clinical study. Acupunct Med. 2010;28:174-179.
11
Skjeie H, Skonnord T, Fetveit A, et al. A pilot study of ST36 acupuncture for infantile colic. Acupunct Med. 2011;29:103-107.
12
Landgren K, Kvorning N, Hallström I. Feeding, stooling and sleeping patterns in infants with colic-a randomized controlled trial of minimal acupuncture. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011;11:93.
13
Skjeie H, Skonnord T, Fetveit A, et al. Acupuncture for infantile colic: a blinding-validated, randomized controlled multicentre trial in general practice. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2013;31:190-196.
14
Landgren K. Acupuncture in practice: investigating acupuncturists’ approach to treating infantile colic. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:456712.
15
Reinthal M, Lund I, Ullman D, et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms of infantile colic and their change after light needling of acupuncture: a case series study of 913 infants. Chin Med. 2011;6:28.
16
Raith W, Urlesberger B, Schmölzer GM. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture in preterm and term infants. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:739414.
17
Tabosa A, Yamamura Y, Forno ER, et al. Effect of the acupoints ST-36 (Zusanli) and SP-6 (Sanyinjiao) on intestinal myoelectric activity of Wistar rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2002;35:731-739.
18
Lewith GT, Kenyon JN. Physiological and psychological explanations for the mechanism of acupuncture as a treatment for chronic pain. Soc Sci Med. 1984;19:1367-1378.
19
Haker E, Egekvist H, Bjerring P. Effect of sensory stimulation (acupuncture) on sympathetic and parasympathetic activities in healthy subjects. J Auton Nerv Syst. 2000;79:52-59.
20
Ezzo J, Berman B, Hadhazy VA, et al. Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2000;7:249-251.
21
Zhao ZQ. Neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia. Prog Neurobiol. 2008;85:355-375.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Current treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: a review including nanotechnology and gene therapy
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the adult population worldwide. Before new treatments were available, unchecked RA caused notable inability and mortality .It is now accepted that primary diagnosis and treatment are essential and useful. Progress in therapy of RA has made it possible to deeply influence signs and symptoms as the period that joint destructed in inflammatory arthritis. Earlier and more efficient treatment becomes visible to significantly improve the prognosis of this disease. In this article, the old and new methods for treatment rheumatoid arthritis and their limitation and benefits were reviewed. These methods include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids(GC) that are a class of steroid hormones, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biological agents that can be divided in two groups of monoclonal antibodies and teeny molecules, bisphosphonate therapy, nanotechnology, oral tolerance, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, bone marrow transplantation, liposomes, superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles (SPIONs).
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_7614_48c7791d5c9756bf2ae1f9d5b7d9a8f9.pdf
2017-05-01
62
68
10.22038/rcm.2016.7614
Clinical strategies
Rheumathoid arthritis
Treatment
Najmeh
Malekzadeh
najmehmalekzadeh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hashemi M, Atabaki M, Daneshvar H, et al. Association of PTPN22 rs2476601 and EGFR rs17337023 Gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran. Int J Immunogenet. 2013;40:299-305.
1
Yuan F, Quan LD, Cui L, et al. Development of macromolecular prodrug for rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64:1205-1219.
2
Sun J, Zhang Y, Liu L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of combined tests of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32:11-21.
3
Subhashini V, Mahalakshmi AM, Suresh B. Current clinical strategies in rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012;4:43-46.
4
Ho LJ, Lai JH. Small-molecule inhibitors for autoimmune arthritis: Success, failure and the future. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;747:200-205.
5
Widler L, Jaeggi KA, Glatt M, et al. Highly potent geminal bisphosphonates. From pamidronate disodium (Aredia) to zoledronic acid (Zometa). J Med Chem. 2002; 45:3721-3738.
6
Bamonti F, Fulgenzi A, Novembrino C, et al. Metal chelation therapy in rheumathoid arthritis: a case report. Successful management of rheumathoid arthritis by metal chelation therapy. Biometals. 2011;24:1093-1098.
7
Tobón GJ, Youinou P, Saraux A. The environment, geo-epidemiology, and autoimmune disease: Rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun. 2010;35:10-14.
8
Navarro Sarabia F, Blanco FJ, Álvaro Gracia JM, et al. Economic evaluation of rheumathoid arthritis monotherapy with tocilizumab and adalimumab. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013;87:343-350.
9
Lo SF, Wan L, Lin HC, et al. Association of rheumatoid arthritis risk with EGFR genetic polymorphisms in Taiwan’s Han Chinese population. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:2301-2306.
10
Urban MK. COX-2 specific inhibitors offer improved advantages over traditional NSAIDs. Orthopedics. 2000;23:S761-764.
11
Furst DE. Meloxicam: selective COX-2 inhibition in clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1997;26:21-27.
12
Vanniasinghe AS, Bender V, Manolios N. Manolios, The potential of liposomal drug delivery for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009;39:182-196.
13
Nasonov EL. New approaches to pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis: perspective for use of tocilizumab (monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-6 receptor). Ter Arkh. 2010;82:64-71.
14
Quan L. Macromolecular Nanomedicine of Glucocorticoids for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Nanomed Nanotechol. 2013;4:e126.
15
Combe, B. Early rheumatoid arthritis: strategies for prevention and management. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21:27-42.
16
Deighton C, Criswell LA. Criswell, Recent advances in the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006;8:394-400.
17
Scully CJ, Anderson CJ, Cannon GW. Cannon, Long-term methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1991;20:317-331.
18
Sen D, Paul JR, Ranganathan P. Ranganathan, Pharmacogenetics in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1175:625-660.
19
Senolt L, Vencovský J, Pavelka K, et al. Prospective new biological therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2009;9:102-107.
20
Li S, Zhang R, Li P, et al. Development of a novel method to measure macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by combined electrochemical immunosensor. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008;8:859-865.
21
Lundquist LM, Cole SW, Sikes ML. Sikes, Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. World J Orthop. 2014;5:504-511.
22
Russell RG, Rogers MJ. Bisphosphonates: from the laboratory to the clinic and back again. Bone. 1999;25:97-106.
23
Ding H, Yang L, Du W, et al. Bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients receiving androgen-deprivation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14:3337-3343.
24
Keizman D, Ish-Shalom M, Maimon N, et al. Are bisphosphonates an indispensable tool in the era of targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma and bone metastases? World J Urol. 2014;32:39-45.
25
Romas E. bone loss inflamatory arthritis:mechanism and therapeutic approches with bisphosphonate. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2005;19:1065-1079.
26
Russell RG, Rogers MJ, Frith JC, et al. The pharmacology of bisphosphonates and new insights into their mechanisms of action. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14 Suppl 2:53-65.
27
Fick EM, Anzeneder T, Katalinic A, et al. Bisphosphonates and their Role in Therapy for Breast Cancer - Results from the PATH Biobank. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2013;73:412-421.
28
Muehleman C, Green J, Williams JM, et al. The effect of bone remodeling inhibition by zoledronic acid in an animal model of cartilage matrix damage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002;10:226-233.
29
Forsblad D’Elia H, Larsen A, Waltbrand E, et al. Radiographic joint destruction in postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis is strongly associated with generalised osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:617-623.
30
Min SY, Park KS, Cho ML, et al. Antigen-induced, tolerogenic CD11c+,CD11b+ dendritic cells are abundant in Peyer’s patches during the induction of oral tolerance to type II collagen and suppress experimental collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:887-898.
31
Lubberts E, Koenders MI, van den Berg WB. The role of T-cell interleukin-17 in conducting destructive arthritis: lessons from animal models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7:29-37.
32
Cho ML, Kang JW, Moon YM, et al. STAT3 and NF-kappaB signal pathway is required for IL-23-mediated IL-17 production in spontaneous arthritis animal model IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice. J Immunol. 2006;176:5652-5661.
33
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52
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Male breast cancer: a review of literature
Studies have devoted relatively scant attention to male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer. Nevertheless, the incidence of male breast cancer has increased considerably in parallel manner with women. There is not comprehensive knowledge regarding the etiology of breast cancer in men. The environmental agents and genetic factors are proposed as the influential parameters in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most frequent subtype of breast cancer in men and a palpable mass is the most common presentation. Breast masses might be identified at advanced stages of the disease, if undiagnosed, due to the lower prevalence and lack of awareness in men compared to women. There is not any large sample size trial or retrospective study regarding any specific treatment strategy; the routine treatments are based on existing data. In this review, we studied the risk factors, biological characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of breast cancer in men.
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_8778_8233312cd07acca6b43f749e196b7157.pdf
2017-05-01
69
72
10.22038/rcm.2017.13485.1153
Breast Cancer
Male
Treatment
Soodabeh
Shahidsales
shahidsaless@muma.ac.ir
1
Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mitra
Fazl Ersi
fazlm1@mums.ac.ir
2
Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mirmalek SA, Elham KF. Clinical application of breast cancer biology review of literature. Iran J Surg. 2010; 17:1-17.
1
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Arnould N, Pouget O, Gharbi M, et al. Breast cancer in men: are there similarities with breast cancer in women? Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2006;34:413-419.
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4
Brain K, Williams B, Iredale R, et al. Psychological distress in men with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006 ;24:95-101.
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Martynowicz H, Medraś M, Andrzejak R. Occupational risk factors and male breast cancer. Med Pr. 2005;56:405-410.
6
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Ottini L, Masala G, D’Amico C, et al. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status and tumor characteristics in male breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2003;63:342-347.
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Machado PM, Brandão RD, Cavaco BM, et al. Screening for a BRCA2 rearrangement in high-risk breast/ovarian cancer families: evidence for a founder effect and analysis of the associated phenotypes. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:2027-2034.
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35
Chakravarthy A, Kim CR. Post-mastectomy radiation in male breast cancer. Radiother Oncol. 2002;65:99-103.
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Shahidsales S,Hosseini S, Ahmadi-Simab S, Ghavam-Nasiri MR. The importance of Prognostic factor s (ER, PR, P53) in breast cancer and their relationship with stage of disease. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 57:457-463.
37
Ghavam Nasiri MR, Shahidsales S, Ahmadi-Simab S. Comparison of Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients according to TNM, Hormone Status and Her-2 Condition. Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2014:16;1-5.
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40
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Restless legs syndrome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common chronic sensory motor disorder that prevents initiation and/or sleep staying. Patients with this syndrome have uncomfortable sensations in their legs (and sometimes arms or other parts of the body), with moving their legs to relieve this sensations. The symptoms of RLS are usually worse in the evening and at night. The diagnosis of RLS is primarily based on clinical evaluation and clinical history of the patient. International restless leg syndrome group study (IRLSSG) evaluates the symptoms and severity of RLS. RLS can be divided into two groups of primary and secondary. Iron deficiency, Parkinson’s disease, kidney failure, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and pregnancy may cause RLS. Antinausea, antipsychotic drugs, some antidepressants, and antihistamines may also worsen the symptoms. RLS is also observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which makes the outcomes worse. COPD is a main preventable health problem that can lead to morbidity and mortality. Thus, RLS in COPD causes excessive daytime hypersomnolence, fatigue, poor quality of life, disability and neuropsychological complications such as social isolation, frequent daytime headaches, anxiety and depression.
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_8809_a17534965655454c24106031b2d9a37d.pdf
2017-05-01
73
77
10.22038/rcm.2017.8809
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
Restless legs syndrome
Sleep
Fariba
Rezaeetalab
rezaitalabf@mums.ac.ir
1
Lung Disease Research Center ,Mashhad University Of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Fariborz
RezaeiTalab
rezaeitalabf@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of neurology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roux FJ. Restless legs syndrome: impact on sleep-related breathing disorders. Respirology. 2013;18:238-245.
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88
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dietary nutrients in preventing cardiovascular diseases: a narrative review
Foods play an important role in preparing the health of body. Foods and nutrients are effective in increasing health and regulating the immune system as well as in prevention of different diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. In the past few years, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is progressively increasing. Change in lifestyle and dietary pattern of the societies plays an important role in inducing cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that the risk of cardiovascular disease among people consuming more vegetables is lower. Recent findings suggest that foods rich in omega-3, vitamins, antioxidants and fibers are useful for the health of cardiovascular system and such nutrition, in addition to disease prevention, reduces the cost and side effects of chemical treatments. In this article, different clinical trials introducing beneficial dietary approaches in preventing cardiovascular diseases are reviewed.
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_8177_0e06a307ef51148c79d7bab29823c0a6.pdf
2017-05-01
78
82
10.22038/rcm.2016.17829.1178
Atherosclerosis
Clinical Trials
Omega-3 Fatty Acid
Khadijeh
Saket
hosein110kh@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D candidate of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mozhdeh
Khodabakhsh
khodabakhshm931@mums.ac.ir
2
Ph.D Candidate of Persian Cedicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Roshanak
Salari
salarir@mums.ac.ir
3
Assistant Professor of Drug Control, Department of Traditional Persian Pharmacy, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Thompkinson DK, Bhavana V, Kanika P. Dietary approaches for management of cardio-vascular health-a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2014;51:2318-2330.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Possible interaction of warfarin with peppermint herbal tea: a case report
Herbal medicine is usually safe and popular in Iranian communities. Peppermint herbal products may interact with warfarin, which is an essential lifelong drug used in patients with prosthetic heart valves. Herein, we report a case of possible interaction between warfarin and peppermint herbal tea.We described a 68-year-old woman who was on warfarin treatment due to bileaflet mechanical aortic valve, and mitral valve replacement presented with severe dyspnea in the setting of large obstructive prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis diagnosed by echocardiography. Therefore, cardiac surgery was conducted in the emergent setting. Warfarin was started the day after the procedure. She developed melena with a volatile and elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 4.8 and prothrombin time > 30 s on the 7th post-operation day. She reported no changes in drug or dietary habits except for drinking high amounts of peppermint tea the day before. After the discontinuation of warfarin and medical consultation for gastrointestinal bleeding, the INR level decreased to 1.8 within two days.Consumption of peppermint herbal products are usually safe; however, caution should be taken with patients under warfarin treatment. Full disclosure for patients on anticoagulant treatment is necessary before discharge and during clinical follow-up
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_7899_0fd14035182c4803e7b35d7ec425c8bb.pdf
2017-05-01
83
86
10.22038/rcm.2016.7899
Anticoagulant drugs
Herbal Medicine
Warfaring interaction
Aliasghar
Moeinipour
moinipoora1@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Abbassi Teshnizi
abbasim@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Babak
Manafi
manafi@umsha.ac.ir
3
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hadi
Yavari
yavarih1@mums.ac.ir.
4
Head Nursing of Cardiac Surgery Operation Room, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Yasamin
Moeinipour
yasaminmp@yahoo.com
5
Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hamid
Hoseinikhah
hoseinikhahh@mums.ac.ir
6
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Atherosclerosis Prevention Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wardrop D, Keeling D. The story of the discovery of heparin and warfarin. Br J Haematol. 2008;141:757-763.
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27