Document Type : Original article
Authors
- Ashraf Mohammadzadeh 1
- Ezzat Khodashenas 2
- Ahmad Shah Farhat 3
- Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan 4
- Ali Jafarzadeh Esfehani 5
- Mehdi Sohrabi 6
- Aradokht Vaezi 7
1 Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Neonatal Research Center Imam Reza Hospital Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2 Neonatologist, Assistant professor, Neonatal Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Neonatologist, Associated professor, Neonatal Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Neonatal Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
5 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
6 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
7 Medical student of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Zinc has a key role in reproductive physiology, immune modulation, growth, and development. To determine the effect of zinc supplements on the anthropometry of healthy 6-yearold children.
Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 40 children 6-7 years old. The intervention group (n=20) received 20mg of oral zinc sulfate syrup and the control group (n=20) received a placebo daily in the same buttle and same test for 6 months duration of study. Serum zinc levels and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, head circumference, and arm circumference) were measured before and after intervention. Zinc deficiency was defined as serum zinc level < 9.9 μmol/l.
Results: Serum zinc level did not differ between the two groups (P=0.86). Zinc supplementation resulted in a significant increase in height (P= 0.008).
Conclusion: This study showed that zinc supplements have a significant increase in the length of male 6-year-old children.
Keywords
- Tulchinsky TH. Micronutrient deficiency conditions: global health issues. Public Health Rev 2010;32(1):243.
- Prasad AS. Zinc in human health: effect of zinc on immune cells. Mol Med-Camb MA THEN N Y 2008;14(5/6):353.
- Wiley: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th Edition - F. Albert Cotton, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Carlos A. Murillo, et al [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 21]. Available from: http://eu.wiley.com/ WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471199575.html
- Prasad AS. Zinc deficiency. Bmj 2003;326(7386):409–410.
- Ruel-Bergeron JC, Stevens GA, Sugimoto JD, Roos FF, Ezzati M, Black RE, et al. Global Update and Trends of Hidden Hunger, 1995-2011: The Hidden Hunger Index. PLOS ONE 2015;10(12):e0143497.
- International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG), Brown KH, Rivera JA, Bhutta Z, Gibson RS, King JC, et al. International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) technical document #1. Assessment of the risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Food Nutr Bull 2004;25(1 Suppl 2):S99-203.
- Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, de Onis M, Ezzati M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008;371(9608):243–60.
- Wessells KR, Brown KH. Estimating the Global Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency: Results Based on Zinc Availability in National Food Supplies and the Prevalence of Stunting. PLOS ONE 2012;7(11):e50568.
- Black RE. Micronutrients in pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2001;85(S2):S193–S197.
- Kimmons JE, Dewey KG, Haque E, Chakraborty J, Osendarp SJM, Brown KH. Low nutrient intakes among infants in rural Bangladesh are attributable to low intake and micronutrient density of complementary foods. J Nutr 2005;135(3):444–51.
- Mills CF. Zinc in Human Biology. Springer Science & Business Media; 2013. 394 p.
- Prasad AS. Discovery of Human Zinc Deficiency: Its Impact on Human Health and Disease. Adv Nutr Int Rev J 2013;4(2):176–90.
- Underwood LE, Thissen J-P, Lemozy S, Ketelslegers J-M, Clemmons DR. Hormonal and nutritional regulation of IGF-I and its binding proteins. Horm Res Paediatr 1994;42(4–5):145–151.
- Nakamura T, Nishiyama S, Futagoishi-Suginohara Y, Matsuda I, Higashi A. Mild to moderate zinc deficiency in short children: effect of zinc supplementation on linear growth velocity. J Pediatr 1993;123(1):65–69.
- Walravens PA, Hambidge KM, Koepfer DM. Zinc supplementation in infants with a nutritional pattern of failure to thrive: a double-blind, controlled study. Pediatrics 1989;83(4):532–538.
- Nishi Y, Hatano S, Aihara K, Fujie A, Kihara M. Transient partial growth hormone deficiency due to zinc deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr 1989;8(2):93–97.
- Friis H, Ndhlovu P, Mduluza T, Kaondera K, Sandström B, Michaelsen KF, et al. The impact of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition: a randomized, controlled trial among rural Zimbabwean schoolchildren. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51(1):38–45.
- Patel AB, Dibley MJ, Mamtani M, Badhoniya N, Kulkarni H. Therapeutic Zinc and Copper Supplementation in Acute Diarrhea Does Not Influence Short-Term Morbidity and Growth: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32(1):91–3.
- Smith JC, Butrimovitz GP, Purdy WC. Direct measurement of zinc in plasma by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Clin Chem 1979;25(8):1487–91.
- Watkins JB, Walker WA. Nutrition in Pediatrics: Basic Science, Clinical Applications. PMPH-USA; 2008. 952 p.
- De Benoist B, Darnton-Hill I, Davidsson L, Fontaine O, Hotz C, others. Conclusions of the joint WHO/UNICEF/IAEA/IZiNCG interagency meeting on zinc status indicators. Food Nutr Bull 2007;28(3 suppl3):S480 S484.
- Hess SY, Peerson JM, King JC, Brown KH. Use of serum zinc concentration as an indicator of population zinc status. Food Nutr Bull 2007;28(3 suppl3):S403–S429.
- Abbaspour N, Wegmueller R, Kelishadi R, Schulin R, Hurrell RF. Zinc Status as Compared to Zinc Intake and Iron Status: a Case Study of Iranian Populations from Isfahan Province. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2013;83(6):335–45.
- Dehghani SM, Katibeh P, Haghighat M, Moravej H, Asadi S, others. Prevalence of zinc deficiency in 3-18 years old children in Shiraz-Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011;2011(1, Jan):4–8.
- Fesharakinia A, Zarban A, Sharifzadeh G-R. Prevalence of zinc deficiency in elementary school children of south Khorasan province (east Iran). Iran J Pediatr 2009;19(3):249–254.
- Hakimi S-M, Hashemi F, Valaeei N, Seyed-Masood K, Velayati AA, Boloursaz MR. The effect of supplemental zinc on the height and weight percentiles of children. Arch Iran Med 2006;9(2):148–52.
- Müller O, Garenne M, Reitmaier P, van Zweeden AB, Kouyate B, Becher H. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth in West African children: a randomized double-blind placebocontrolled trial in rural Burkina Faso. Int J Epidemiol 2003;32(6):1098–1102.
- Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc Rev Clin Med 2023; Vol 10(No 4) Published by: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (http://rcm.mums.ac.ir) 5 Mohammadzadeh A et al. concentrations of prepubertal children: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75(6):1062–1071.
- Hamza RT, Hamed AI, Sallam MT. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth hormone-insulin growth factor axis in short Egyptian children with zinc deficiency. Ital J Pediatr 2012;38(1):21.
- Das JK, Kumar R, Salam RA, Bhutta ZA. Systematic review of zinc fortification trials. Ann Nutr Metab 2013;62(Suppl. 1):44–56.
- Cesur Y, Yordam N, Doğan M. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels in children with zinc deficiency and the effect of zinc supplementation on these parameters. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2009;22(12):1137–1144.
- Soofi S, Cousens S, Iqbal SP, Akhund T, Khan J, Ahmed I, et al. Effect of provision of daily zinc and iron with several
micronutrients on growth and morbidity among young children in Pakistan: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Lond
Engl 2013;382(9886):29–40. - Pimpin L, Liu E, Shulkin M, Duggan C, Fawzi W, Mozaffarian D. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation during Pregnancy and Youth on Child Growth up to 5 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. FASEB J 2016;30(1 Supplement):671.7-671.7.
- Golden MH, Golden BE. Effect of zinc supplementation on the dietary intake, rate of weight gain, and energy cost of tissue deposition in children recovering from severe malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1981;34(5):900–908.
- Bates CJ, Bates PH, Dardenne M, Prentice A, Lunn PG, Northrop-Clewes CA, et al. A trial of zinc supplementation in young rural Gambian children. Br J Nutr 1993;69(01):243–255.
- Masoodpoor N, Darakshan R. Impact of zinc supplementation on growth: A double-blind, randomized trial among urban Iranian schoolchildren. Pediatrics 2008;121(Supplement 2):S111–S111.
- Kikafunda JK, Walker AF, Allan EF, Tumwine JK. Effect of zinc supplementation on growth and body composition of Ugandan preschool children: a randomized, controlled, intervention trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68(6):1261–1266.
)