Najmeh Malekzadeh
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as motor neuron disease is a destroying neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons. It is now believed that primary diagnosis and treatment are essential and useful. Early diagnosis with newer methods prevents the progression ...
Read More
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as motor neuron disease is a destroying neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons. It is now believed that primary diagnosis and treatment are essential and useful. Early diagnosis with newer methods prevents the progression of the disease and allows you to choose the right treatment at a more appropriate time. Earlier and more efficient treatment becomes visible to significantly improve the prognosis of this disease. In this article, we define the disease and the methods of diagnosing it, Then the mechanisms of the disease and treatment options based on these are described. ultimately the old and new methods for treatment ALS were reviewed. These methods include: small molecule, nanotechnology, protein therapy, gene therapy, bone marrow transplantation, stem cell therapy, miRNA therapy and gene editing. The purpose of this review article is to help diagnose and select a suitable treatment and improve patients more effectively.
Massoud Hajia
Abstract
The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years in some regions in Iran, particularly in the western, northeastern, and some central areas. Undoubtedly, the main causes of brucellosis are the lack of vaccination coverage in livestock and distribution of dairy products. In addition, attention ...
Read More
The prevalence of brucellosis has increased in recent years in some regions in Iran, particularly in the western, northeastern, and some central areas. Undoubtedly, the main causes of brucellosis are the lack of vaccination coverage in livestock and distribution of dairy products. In addition, attention must be paid to the diagnostic difficulties associated with slow growth specificity and use of inefficient methods, which lead to the delayed diagnosis of the disease. All the available diagnostic procedures are currently used for the diagnosis of brucellosis, including isolation on culture media, serological procedures, and molecular techniques. Among these methods, isolation on culture media has shown the minimum efficiency, especially in blood specimens, which are the most commonly requested specimens in disease diagnosis. The influential factors could be the use of unapproved commercial kits, applying outdated diagnostic procedures, and using unqualified specimens in hospitalized patients. The present study aimed to enhance the current status of the isolation method, especially in the endemic areas for brucellosis. Several parameters were assessed in this regard, including the role of laboratory conditions, sampling quality, type of culture media, and various isolation methods, in order to review the studies aiming to increase the efficiency of this method.