Sleep apnea headaches
Reza
Boostani
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Fariborz
Rezaeitalab
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Behzad
Pourmokhtari
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Amirali
Ghahremani
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent apnea during sleep. Nocturnal laboratory-based polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard test for diagnosis of OSA. The sufferers may complain from daytime sleepiness, snoring or occasional headaches. Serious consequences such as cardiovascular complications, stroke or symptoms of depression may complicate the syndrome. Headache prevalence due to sleep apnea is estimated 1%-2% in general population and affects 2%-8% of middle age population. Morning headache is more common in the OSAS patients. OSAS patients present with various characteristics of morning headache. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure usually reduces headache. The pathophysiologic background for a relation between obstructive sleep apnea and morning headache is multifactorial. Some theories have been proposed for OSAS-related headaches such as changing oxygen saturation during sleep, cerebral vasodilation and increased intracranial pressure due to cerebral vasodilation, sleep disruption and depression but the definite cause of headaches in OSAS patients is not yet clear.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
1
3
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6025_bc675a4b14a13d648d4f70348787c830.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.001
Oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery
Mehryar
Taghavi Gilani
Cardiac Anesthesia Research center, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Sharifi
Eye Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mona
Najaf Najafi
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohamad Ghasem
Etemadi Mashhadi
Cardiac Anesthesia Research center, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
The activation of oculucardiac reflex (OCR) is common during the strabismus surgeries. OCR is known as a trigemino-vagal reflex, which leads to the various side effects including bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or in some cases cardiac arrest. This reflex could be activated during intraorbital injections, hematomas, and mechanical stimulation of eyeball and extraocular muscles surgeries. The incidence of OCR varies in a wide range, from 14% to 90%, that depends on anesthetic strategy and drug used for the surgery. The efficacy of various anticholinergic and anesthetic agents on declining the OCR reflex has been evaluated in different studies, especially in children. Although the detection of OCR goes back to 1908, its exact effect is not well recognized during strabismus surgery. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies investigated the efficacy and potential of various anesthetic medications on inhibiting the OCR in children undergoing strabismus surgery.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
4
7
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6026_9b1deb6905de7cee58886c304a274f30.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.002
Accurate method for home-based diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea: a review
Hosna
Ghandeharioun
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Fariborz
Rezaeitalab
Department of Neurology, Quaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Reza
Lotfi
Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Overnight polysomnography is the gold standard for the detection of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS). However, it is expensive and needs attending personnel. The study of simplified sleep apnea monitoring is one of the recent trends for sleep medicine research. The proposed clinical prediction rules employ the vital and social statistics, symptoms, craniofacial traits, and obesity-related measures for initial screening of OSAS in an ambulatory setting. However, most of them are partially or completely clinical and not home-based. One disadvantage of this sort of screening methods is their inability to asses OSAS severity. Another approach of initial OSAS screening is a usage of just one or two physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG), pulse oximetry, snoring, nasal airflow, or even speech sound. In this study, we aimed to review the different strategies and to compare their performances, reported by means of their sensitivity–specificity and accuracy for OSAS incidence and severity. OSAS severity is determined by apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) value. Based on the data obtained from the related articles, the most accurate methods of AHI estimation exploit ECG and pulse oximetry signals.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
8
12
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6225_0a73f20496e96b0929bbffd87b788dfd.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.003
Growth factors in cystic fibrosis
Negar
Khalighi
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Rahim
Vakili
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad Ali
kiani
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Seyed Ali
Jafari
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Hamid Reza
Kianifar
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases that affects sweat glands and mucosa. CF is a hereditary disease with annual incidence of about 2500 new cases in United Kingdom. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 levels decrease in CF. The aim of this study was to assess the role of growth peptides in patients with CF. Method: We searched PubMed, Google scholar, IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database (SID) in September 2012 to April 2014. We included clinical studies with available abstracts and full texts that were in English or Persian languages. Manual searching was conducted within the reference lists of articles. Two reviewers independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed quality, and extracted data.Result: The earliest study was published in 1997 and the most recent one was in 2014. Study participants were adults in 3 studies (20%) and 12 studies (80%) were conducted in children. Patients with CF have lower levels of IGF-1 and there is a significant correlation between IGF-1 levels and growth index in patients with CF.Conclusions: IGF-1 decreases in children with CF and might be the cause of poor growth and low body mass index in these children.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
13
17
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6518_1c4af7a61162551d697a0a3b3aabc316.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.004
Evaluation of the effects of magnesium supplement in primary and secondary preventions of nephrolithiasis: a systematic review
Anoush
Azarfar
Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohammad
Esmaeili
Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Nayere
Tousi
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mitra
Naseri
Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Fatemeh
Ghane
Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Yalda
Ravanshad
Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Anahita
Alizadeh
Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases on December 7, 2014 and reference lists of systematic reviews and randomized, controlled trials. Among the initial 282 articles found by our search strategy and hand searching, we found eight English-language studies were eligible for our study.Result: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial in nephrolithiasis prevention through increasing urinary magnesium, citrate, and calcium while declining urinary oxalate. In pediatric patients, the results were more prominent and could decline urinary oxalate up to 90% of the baseline.Conclusions: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial, especially with potassium-citrate combination. However, due to the low number of well-designed randomized controlled trials, especially in pediatrics, the conclusions of this study need further confirmation.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
18
22
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6027_28b4c4f598f42fce86cc73f0dc237a6e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.005
Efficacy of laryngeal airway mask compared with endotracheal tube in reducing coughing following general anesthesia in adults
Mohsen
Akhondi
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Alireza
Sabzevari
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ali
Rahdari
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Shabnam
Imannezhad
Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Coughing is an airway complication that could affect the outcome of surgery following general anesthesia in adults. In this systematic review, we aimed to study the efficacy of applying laryngeal airway mask (LMA) compared with endotracheal tube (ETT) in reducing the postoperative cough in adults under general anesthesia.Method: PubMed was searched for the relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were all the randomized controlled clinical trials, which used LMA and ETT in adults under general anesthesia. Only English language articles were included in this study with no time limitation.Result: Overall, 15 articles were retrieved, which were relevant with the purpose of this study. Efficacy of LMA in reducing coughing was significantly different with ETT in adults under general anesthesia in various types of surgeries. Calculated number needed to treat (NNT) showed that using LMA would significantly reduce coughing even in one adult patient.Conclusions: Coughing has shown various adverse effects on postoperative main results in some surgeries such as cataract, cranial, etc. Applying LMA could positively decrease postoperative coughing in adults.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
23
27
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6226_9cd6a4da166091201fda2d0b0b034283.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.006
Intraocular pressure fluctuation before and after strabismus surgery: a systematic review
Aliakbar
Saber Moghaddam
Eye Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mahdi
Hashemi
Cornea Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Ramin
Daneshvar
Cornea Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be influenced by several factors including corneal thickness, gender, refractive error, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we systematically reviewed published literature to find association between variations of IOP due to strabismus surgery.Method: PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched with the following search terms: (intraocular pressure OR IOP) AND (strabismus) for the articles in which the fluctuation of IOP before and after strabismus surgery had been evaluated. All types of articles including case series, cross-sectional, clinical trials, and cohort studies with no time limitation were included in this study. Systematically searches, selection of articles, and the extraction of data were performed by two reviewers independently.Result: 1617 out of 1674 articles were excluded due to duplication or irrelevancy. After step by step process of article selection, 57 relevant articles were included for further evaluation. However, only 8 articles met the inclusion criteria.Conclusions: The results of this report showed that IOP may vary due to strabismus surgery, and it decreases after the surgery.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
28
31
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6227_5a865b2bb3ea26d99982d99e99bff456.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.03.007
Hypothermia and normothermia effects on mortality rate of cardiopulmonary bypass
Ali
Rahdari
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Reza
Jalaeian Taghaddomi
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Alireza
Sabzevari
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Shabnam
Imannezhad
Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Mohsen
Akhondi
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with higher risk of mortality and morbidity, thus it should be investigated regarding the major risk factors. Temperature management have a significant role in postoperative cerebral and neurological complications; however the optimum temperature during cardiopulmonary surgery is not certainly detected. This systematic review has investigated the differences between hypothermia and normothermia regarding postoperative mortality. Method: PubMed was searched for the relevant articles. Only English language articles were included with no time limitation. Data regarding in-hospital patient deaths provided in each article mostly within 30 days after the surgery, were extracted and compared based on relative risk reduction (RRR), absolute risk reduction (ARR), and number needed to treat (NNT).Result: Totally, 28 articles were retrieved and extracted. The mortality rate was zero in hypothermic and normotehrmic groups of 8/28 included studies, thus the RRR, ARR, and NNT could not be calculated. There were no significant differences between investigated groups of each included studies regarding the patients’ age, gender, and preoperative conditions.Conclusions: No significant difference was obtained between two studied groups. Similar prevalence of death observed between hypothermic and normothermic groups might be due to the sample size of studies, or the subsequent cares performed in intensive care units that assist to reduce the postoperative mortality rate. According to the obtained results, both of these procedures might be similarly safe regarding mortality rate.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
32
38
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6028_70938fa8b5834a89abf184f3ba00d435.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.008
Prevalence of fungal biofilms in patients with nasal polyposis: a systematic review
Navid
Nourizadeh
Department of otorhinolaryngology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Akram
Adabizadeh
Department of otorhinolaryngology, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: There are many internal and external factors that are considered as the main causes of nasal infections and inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) leading to polyposis. It is suggested that bacterial and fungal elements have an important role in the development of these diseases. Method: Scopus and PubMed were searched thoroughly on 1 February 2015 with the following search terms: (fungal biofilms) AND (nasal polyposis) to find the articles in which the prevalence of fungal biofilms had been evaluated in patients with nasal polyposis. Only English language articles with no time limitation were included in this study.Result: Of 48 records found by initial search, only 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data showed that the presence of biofilms is associated with nasal polyposis in 110 of 303 patients and 13 of controls.Discussion: The results of studies confirm that the fungal biofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.Conclusions: According to the results of included studies, there is a close association between the presence of fungal biofilm and different types of nasal disorders including nasal polyposis.
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
39
42
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6284_3e8ef80fd24eac41dcbfb08aa90e276d.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.009
The role of oxidative stress in pediatric urinary tract infections: a systematic review
Mostafa
Delshad
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
author
Azita
Fesharakinia
Department of Pediatric, Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
author
Samaneh
Eghbal
Department of Pediatric, Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
author
text
article
2016
eng
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) that can affect any part of the urinary tract and may subsequently lead to kidney infection is linked with variety of causative factors such as oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literatures to evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on UTI. Method: PubMed and Google scholar were searched systematically using the key terms, “oxidative stress” and “urinary tract infection” in the title, keywords, and abstract on February 2015 to find articles in which the oxidative stresses had been evaluated in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). Papers were excluded if they were unrelated to the purpose of this study, or in language other than English. Full texts of the relevant documents were fully reviewed for data extraction.Result: Of overall 50 articles from PubMed, and 6 records found in Google scholar, only 8 articles met the inclusion criteria for further assessment. Additionally, three papers were omitted due to full texts unavailability or language irrelevancy, and five articles, which fully met the inclusion criteria, were used for data extraction. The results showed that the level of antioxidant decreases significantly in patients with UTI, while the markers of oxidative stress increases.Conclusions: The results of the studies showed that the level of antioxidants decreases in patients with UTI, while lipid peroxidase and the level of oxidative stress biomarkers such as malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species increase. These findings are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and UTI. The role of oxidative stress in pediatric urinary tract infections: a systematic review
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2345-6256
3
v.
1
no.
2016
43
47
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_6374_e1d7fde8f3b97a6b9bbf35a2c2571242.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.010