@article { author = {Babaniamansour, Sepideh and Najari, Nooshin and Aliniagerdroudbari, Ehsan and Babaniamansour, Amirmohammad and Pezeshki, Saeed}, title = {Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Diabetic Foot Ulcer; a Clinical Study}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {44-49}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.55444.1353}, abstract = {Introduction:One of the most common diabetes complications is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Besides conventional treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is known as an adjunctive therapy for DFU. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of HBOT and possible risk factors. Methods:This study was conducted in two hyperbaric clinics of Bahar and Khatam, respectively in Isfahan and Tehran, Iran, between September 2016 and September 2017. Eligible participants underwent 100% oxygen at 2 to 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 90 to 120 minutes daily (five days per week). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24.0. Results: The recovery rate was 69% in 58 enrolled patients and had a significant direct association with good glycemic control status, before (p <0.01) and during HBOT (P < 0.01), and low-grade ulcers (P= 0.04). The mean number of HBOT sessions of the cured patients (21.5±17.1) was significantly higher than that of the not cured patients (11.3 ± 7.9) (P= 0.02). However, the recovery rate had no significant association with the type of ulcer (P= 0.1). Conclusion: HBOT had good efficacy and a high recovery rate in DFU treatment. Given the fact that good glycemic control status reduces the incidence of ulcers, this study showed that it increased the DFU recovery rate under HBOT.}, keywords = {Diabetes Mellitus,Diabetic Foot, ulcer,Hyperbaric Oxygen, Therapeutics}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_17776.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_17776_0ddda64c44fd09f1e8b6abd74185810d.pdf} } @article { author = {Khammar, Mahbobeh and Hassanzadeh, Sepideh and Tara, Fatemeh and Siahsar, Malihe and Tahmasbi, Fatemeh and Keikha, Masoud and Ghazvini, Kiarash}, title = {A 4-year Study on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends of Nosocomial Infections in a Mashhad Referral Hospital, Mashhad, Iran}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {50-55}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.57591.1367}, abstract = {Introduction:In the present study, we evaluated the 4-year antimicrobial resistance trends of several nosocomial pathogens during 2018-2021 in a reffereal Mashhad hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Methods:In this study, we reviewed the data of 70,234 clinical isolates were registred Infection Control Data of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) instructions to evaluate trends of antimicrobial resistance over the times. Results: There were identified (A. baumannii: n = 19,374; K. pneumonia n = 17,206; E. coli n = 23,777; S. epidermidis: n = 9,877). We did not find any significant difference in changes of antimicrobial trends over the time except in minor cases . However, The pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance was gradually differed except E. coli. Conclusion: our results suggested the overall antimicrobial resistance trends was remins the same level during 2018-2021. It seems that in accessibility and stop prescribing of antibiotics can lead to decreasing antibiotic resistance rate.}, keywords = {Staphylococcus epidermidis,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumonia,Acinetobacter baumanii,Antimicrobial resistance}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18106.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18106_ec5fe916f7bbdc9c768333b39729ef3e.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaei, Alireza and Afzali, Nargess}, title = {Fetal Nasopharyngeal Teratoma: An Autopsy Case Report}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {56-59}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.56204.1360}, abstract = {Teratoma is a rare type of tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone. Teratomas are most common in the tailbone, ovaries, and testicles, but can occur elsewhere in the body. These tumors originate from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are responsible for a high birth mortality rate from acute respiratory distress. We report a rare case of pharyngeal mass in a fetus with antenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings. A 31-year-old primigravid woman with history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and treated hypothyroidism presented with severe polyhydarmnios, prenatal ultrasound revealed a heterogenous solid cystic mass in submandibular region with no vascularity on Doppler exam. The postmortem and pathologic examination confirmed the nasopharyngeal teratoma with extensive cervical extension. The aim of this study was updating current knowledge about this disease.  }, keywords = {Autopsy,Nasopharyngeal teratoma,Prenatal,Ultrasonography}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_17941.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_17941_6d254eaa7226fff9a91b4c39379853b1.pdf} } @article { author = {Alizadeh Feremi, Khadijeh and Alipoor, Lale and Esmaeili, Ravanbakhsh}, title = {Effect of Melatonin on the Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {60-68}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.55887.1356}, abstract = {Introduction:Sleep is one of the most important human needs affected by many factors. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and delayed sleep, are very common and can affect the quality and quantity of sleep. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality. Methods:The data on the effect of melatonin on sleep were collected using seven English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, ProQuest, and Science Direct, as well as six Persian databases, including Iran Medex, SID, IRANDOC, Magiran, MEDLIB, and Noormags, from their inception up to the end of January 2020. English language, randomized clinical trials, human samples, and age of higher than 18 years were the main eligibility criteria. Nonrandomized clinical trials or those without a control group were excluded from the present study. Results: Seven articles met the eligibility criteria for being included in this review. In the aforementioned studies, the effect of melatonin therapy on sleep quality was assessed in 343 subjects. The majority (86%) of the studies confirmed the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality. Conclusion: Melatonin as an orally administered drug had beneficial effects on sleep quality. These effects of melatonin attributed to more efficient healthier sleep, deeper sleep, longer sleep duration without causing fatigue and early morning drowsiness, and faster sleeping. One of the limitations of the present study was considered reviewing articles without the consideration of the medical conditions of the subjects. Moreover, the type of sleep disorder was not investigated in this review.}, keywords = {Melatonin,Sleep Hygiene,Circadian Rhythm,REM Sleep,Systematic review}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18155.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18155_881ce3ba3db2eee25e909faf75c60104.pdf} } @article { author = {Salehian, Maryam and Maleki-Saghooni, Nahid and karimi, Fatemeh Zahra}, title = {Prevalence of Child Abuse and its Related Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {69-78}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.57344.1366}, abstract = {Introduction:Child abuse is a global problem that is deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and economic performance of society. It is a behavior that occurs in various forms of physical, mental, emotional, or sexual, which can cause harm to the health, welfare, and education of the child. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of child abuse and its related factors in Iran.Methods:In the present systematic review study, to find articles related to the prevalence of child abuse in Iran, valid databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar was were searched using the keywords of “child abuse”, “physical abuse” “emotional abuse”,” neglect”, “prevalence” and “Iran”.Results: In this study, 22 articles were analyzed. Based on this review about 4.5%-58.2% of children reported physical abuse, 7.3%-91.6% emotional abuse, and 5.5%-85.3% neglect. Factors associated with child abuse were hyperactivity anxiety and mental status disorder. All studies showed a significant relationship of abuses with education, occupation, addiction, and divorce of parents. Moreover, depression and anxiety of parents and poor parental relationships were related to abuse of children. Conclusion: Child abuse has many negative effects on childish and adolescent health. It seems that child abuse in Iran is in critical condition; therefore, policymakers must take action to solve this problem and prevent it by designing special programs and effective policies in Iran.}, keywords = {Child abuse,Physical abuse,Emotional abuse,Neglect,Systematic review,Iran}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18401.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18401_166a712d1238e7ca045871af81ef2a71.pdf} } @article { author = {Salimiyan rizi, Kobra and Farsiani, Hadi and Momen Ghalibaf, Mohammad}, title = {Blood Culture Positive for Gram-Positive Rods: Contamination or a True Infection-A literature Review}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {79-91}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.58032.1369}, abstract = {Today, human bloodstream infections (BSIs) are recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bacteria, responsible for bacteremia, are usually identified in diagnostic clinical laboratories, using blood cultures. True bacteremia is defined as a positive blood culture (>15 CFU/mL), with signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., fever and chills). A wide range of bacteria can cause true bacteremia and some bacterial isolates from BSIs may be responsible for contamination. Gram-positive bacilli, such as Bacillus species, and coryneform bacteria are suspected sources of contamination in blood cultures. However, in certain patients, such as immunocompromised patients and intravenous drug users, gram-positive bacilli can act as a true pathogen. Therefore, it is important to know when gram positive bacilli act as a true pathogen and when they act as contamination. So, the rapidly diagnosis of true pathogens and appropriate treatment play a very important role in controlling infection with these bacteria. Effective measures are especially important in patients with an underlying disease or an immunocompromised status. In this article, we reviewed the literature on common Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which were isolated from blood cultures and were suspected to be true pathogens or contaminants.  }, keywords = {Bloodstream infections,Bacteremia,Bacillus spp,Blood culture contamination,Diphtheroids}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18402.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18402_9c60461f20555479a20a010d0dea56e3.pdf} } @article { author = {Moghaddam, Mohaddeseh Sadat and Torabzadeh Khorasani, Niyusha and Assaran Darban, Reza and Rahimi, Hamid reza}, title = {The Effect of Chamomile Extract on Coronavirus}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {92-95}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.58399.1370}, abstract = {Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus was known due to the human SARS-CoV virus, which infected 8,000 people and caused 800 deaths in southeast Asia and Canada. It should be mentioned that in 2012, another coronavirus, called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, infected Saudi Arabia and 27 other countries. The SARS-CoV2 belongs to a family of viruses called Coronaviruses that can infect bats, birds, pigs, cows, and different mammals. Some plant extracts are shown to inhibit microorganism replication and may be utilized in medication to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases, one of which is chamomile. chamomile medicinal plant, that has 120 biologically active compounds, the most necessary of which are flavonoids, like apigenin and luteolin, that are shown to possess antiviral activity.  }, keywords = {Coronavirus,COVID-19,Chamomile,Apigenin,Luteolin}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18597.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18597_e189a109b33c0e7dfab49dddbaf73933.pdf} } @article { author = {AL-Janabi, Ali and Jawad, Ruaa Kadhim Mohammed}, title = {Estrogen on Candida spp. of the Vagina: Is there any Effect?}, journal = {Reviews in Clinical Medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {2}, pages = {96-102}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {2345-6256}, eissn = {2345-6892}, doi = {10.22038/rcm.2021.59562.1371}, abstract = {A variety of Candida spp. as the most common fungi in the human body can normally be found in the vagina competing with other microbotes. Their presence is influenced by a variety of conditions in the vaginal environment. The proliferation of Candida spp. in the vagina under specific conditions can result in a fungal disease known as vaginal candidiasis. More than 17 species of Candida out of 200 members of this genus are capable of causing diseases within the human body. Estrogen, along with other steroidal hormones, has been shown to have direct multifunctional effects on various pathogenic microorganisms by numerous activities. Its production as well as other factors such as disturbance of microbial balance and immune activity may alter the vaginal physical environment and promote the development of vaginal fungal infection. The vaginal functions can be affected by the level of circulation of estrogens in the blood according to the stage of the menstrual cycle in women. It also has many other functional actions on the vaginal structure. Estrogen and several other factors play an important role in determining the vaginal content of Candida species. Its effect could be a direct action on the cells of Candida or through an indirect effect on the immunity defenses of the vagina.}, keywords = {Candida,C albicans,Estrogen,Estrogen receptor,Vagina}, url = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18635.html}, eprint = {https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18635_6fc68c31a15b3ef198ea2386f3e8181f.pdf} }