Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
5
4
2018
12
01
Teaching Strategy of One Minute Preceptor and its Approaches in the Past Two Decades: Systematic Review
123
131
EN
Reihaneh
Shagholi
0000-0001-7663-8754
Academic Member Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center, Agricultural Research,Education and Extension Organization(AREEO),Karaj,Iran.
shagholir2@mums.ac.ir
Saeed
Eslami Hasan Abadi
Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
eslamis@mums.ac.ir
Akram
Moghaddasi
Clinical Development of Ghaem Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
moghaddasia@mums.ac.ir
Tayyebeh
Sayyadee
Anvari Abivardi EMS Education Center Dargaz, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
sayyadeet@gmail.com
Maryam
Tayefi
0000-0003-4637-7754
Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
tayefim@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/rcm.2018.32851.1240
<strong>Introduction:</strong> In order to know the procedure of one-minute preceptor (OMP) teaching method, the relevant English language articles were searched in 5 databases, namely Clinical Key, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in-process.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> The search process was conducted on the articles published during 2000- August 2017 using the term “one-minute preceptor” in title and abstract. Letter to the editor, articles irrelevant to OMP, articles with no full-text, and duplicate articles were removed from this study. <br /><strong>Result:</strong> The search result led to the identification of 133 articles. After employing the exclusion criteria, 31 articles remained for detailed analysis. The main outcomes of the investigated studies were categorized into 7 main groups, namely 1. OMP and effectiveness, 2. OMP and develop 3. OMP and SNAPPS, 4. OMP and Traditional Mode, 5. OMP as a teaching tool, 6. OMP and teaching skill, and 7. Teach OMP. The commonly used study designs in the order of frequency were opinion review, and observational without control studies, non-randomized controlled trial, pretest-posttest design, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. The OMP improved processes and outcomes of education. Its effectiveness was in both teaching and patient diagnosis; moreover, it improved the quality of feedback and residents’ teaching skill in the clinical setting. Furthermore, OMP did not show statistically significant improvements in teaching behavior. <br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results showed that the OMP workshop for faculty staff does not enhance the quality or quantity of residents’ perceptions. There should be a nonstop effort by faculty members to increase the quality of clinical teaching.
One minute preceptor,Systematic review,Teaching strategy
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12094.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12094_eab072049d201a7a1b32829c23ade894.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
5
4
2018
12
01
Gastric Cancer: Gene and Gene Therapy Beyond
132
134
EN
Farzaneh
Iravani
0000-0002-3855-2869
Allergy research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
farzaneh.baroon@gmail.com
Reza
Iravani
Faculty of science, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
iravanir1@mums.ac.ir
Majid
Mojarad
0000-0001-6962-3554
Genetic research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
arc@mums.as.ir
10.22038/rcm.2018.32171.1236
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths across the world. The prevalence of GC varies in different countries and even in various regions of the same country. GC is often sporadic, and the familial type occurs in approximately 10% of the cases. The main risk factors for GC include age, family history, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking habits, and genetic factors. One of the important altered genes in GC is p53, which is the most frequently mutated gene in this cancer type. P53 is involved in the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Moreover, it is considered to be the cellular gatekeeper for cell growth and division and it is referred as the ‘guardian of genome’. Another important gene involved in GC is CDH1, which encodes the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein. E-cadherin is considered to be the main cause of familial GC. Cadherin is a type of cell adhesion molecule, which represents calcium-dependent adhesion and plays a pivotal role in maintaining adherent junctions in the areas of epithelial cell-cell contact. Furthermore, it is suspected to be a tumor suppressor gene for GC. Gene therapy has been increasingly performed on various GC cell lines, including SGC7901 and animal models, some of which will be reviewed in the present study.
Gastric cancer,Gene Therapy,Risk factors
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12095.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12095_2c2f7a3ba7a3518b0d1b887e847a7d47.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
5
4
2018
12
01
The Prospect of Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella Species in Iran
130
132
EN
Massoud
Hajia
0000-0001-5524-7252
Department of Molecular Biology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
massoudhajia@yahoo.com
10.22038/rcm.2018.34925.1248
Human brucellosis and its prevalence are directly correlated with the presence of animal infections in various regions. The infections associated with Brucella species have been reported in numerous animals. The incidence of these infections has recently increased in the endemic regions in Iran, including Zagros areas and the northeast of the country. Therefore, there have been difficulties in the diagnosis of the infectious cases since there is the possibility of encountering resistant strains. Furthermore, the spread of immerging strains is among the challenges that rapidly affect animals, even vaccinated livestock. Antibiotic-resistant strains are important in livestock since drug resistance may rapidly spread to humans. Therefore, continuous investigation is required in the case of drug resistance or immerging strains. Conventional typing procedures are no longer used due to several difficulties. Identifying the type of Brucella could provide adequate data on epidemiological surveillance, investigation of the infection outbreaks, tracking the diseases, identifying the immerging types, reviewing the success rate of eradicating the infections, and examining the outbreaks in the endemic areas. The reports regarding the application of molecular typing methods are still under development. Extensive research has been focused on the typing of brucellosis, proposing controversial results and aiming to improve the applied procedures. This review aimed to assess the ability of the introduced molecular methods and their status for identification and typing procedures. In addition, the frequency and distribution of Brucella species and subspecies have been investigated.
Brucellosis,Epidemiology,Molecular Methods
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12096.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12096_097467a5e5f3ed1b69930a2f2cab48b9.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
5
4
2018
12
01
Effects of Exercise on Testosterone Level, Heat Shock Protein, and Fertility Potential
141
145
EN
Sedigheh
Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani
8560-0004-0002-0000
Department of Basic Science, Molecular Genetics Faculty, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran.
sa.genetic@yahoo.com
Milad
Ashrafizadeh
0000-0001-6605-822X
Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz university, Tabriz, Iran.
dvm.milad73@yahoo.com
10.22038/rcm.2018.31772.1232
In recent years, professional exercise has been significantly expanded among the individuals, especially young ones. According to high-intensity exercise courses, which are necessary for professional exercise, we decided to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on testosterone levels, heat shock proteins, and fertility potentials. Findings have shown that the levels of testosterone increase in moderate exercise; however, there are findings about the decrease of testosterone in the athletes who exercise with high intensity. In addition, because the high-intensity training is considered as a stressful condition, the heat shock proteins are activated, and their expression levels are increased that shows the vital role of these essential proteins in eliminating or weakening of that stress. Besides, the parameters, such as sperm quantity, sperm motility, and morphology determine the fertility potential of a person, and studies have shown that high-intensity exercise has harmful effects on these parameters.
Fertility,Heat shock proteins,Testosterone
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12100.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12100_b36226896cb09e2fc62ab03706f7b1c4.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
5
4
2018
12
01
Cystic Fibrosis-associated Liver Disease: A Review Article
146
149
EN
Hamid Reza
Kianifar
0000-0003-1881-1525
Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
kianifarhr@mums.ac.ir
Yalda
Rezaei
Students Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
rezaeiy961@mums.ac.ir
Ali
Khakshour
Department of Pediatrics, Akbar Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
khakshoura@mums.ac.ir
Hassan
Karami
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
karamih@mums.ac.ir
Maryam
Khalesi
0000-0002-5675-5619
Department of Pediatrics, Akbar Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
khalesim@mums.ac.ir
Seyed Ali
Jafari
Department of Pediatrics, Akbar Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
jafaria@mums.ac.ir
Mohammad Ali
kiani
Department of Pediatrics, Akbar Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
kianima@mums.ac.ir
Veda
Vakili
Department of Pediatrics, Akbar Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
vakiliv@mums.ac.ir
Seyed Ali
Alamdaran
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
alamdarana@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/rcm.2019.29624.1227
Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is an important aspect of cystic fibrosis (CF), which manifests with various signs and symptoms. Lack of specific examinations for CFLD have made the diagnostic process of the disease time-consuming, and the disease is often identified after severe progress. Finding the associations between the outcomes of various clinical, biochemical, and sonography examinations could help specialists identify the disease in a timely manner. This review study aimed to determine the correlations between the outcomes of various diagnostic approaches based on the current literature. According to the literature, some studies have reported correlations between various diagnostic approaches, while other studies have reported no associations in this regard. This discrepancy could be due to the various manifestations associated with CF.
Cystic fibrosis,Diagnostic Methods,Liver disease
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12236.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12236_b7bf4c497d488769657c590d66b7ab63.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
5
4
2018
12
01
Overview of Seizure and Epilepsy Syndromes and Their Multidisciplinary Management
150
155
EN
Alireza
zali
0000-0002-2298-2290
Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohad Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
zali.alireza@sbmu.ac.ir
AmirSaied
seddighi
Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohad Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
seddighi.amirsaied@sbmu.ac.ir
Amir
Nikouei
Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohad Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
nikouei.amir@sbmu.ac.ir
Afsoun
Seddighi
0000-0002-8690-5112
Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohad Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
afsounseddighi@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2019.25805.1213
Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified as partial and generalized based on the isolation in a specific area in one brain hemisphere or passing through the nerve fibers and spreading to the other hemisphere as well. Epilepsy is defined as the occurrence of more than two unprovoked and unpredicted repeated seizures. Epilepsy affects more than three million individuals in the United States and approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Epilepsy may be of an unknown origin, while it could also be associated with certain syndromes. General and specific approaches to seizure treatment encompass a wide range of factors. The general approach should be focused on reassurance and raising the awareness of the patients and their family, and the specific treatment is focused on utilizing pharmacological and surgical approaches. In general, the surgical approaches used for medication-refractory seizures are both palliative and curative, showing promising results if the epileptogenic area is localized using a multidisciplinary approach via live video-electroencephalography monitoring or direct intracranial electrode placement. In addition, the utilization of live modern imaging modalities coupled with surgical approaches could enhance the success rate of the treatment and increase the seizure-free duration.
Callosotomy,Electroencephalography,Seizure
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12263.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_12263_25c985a681db2f1d529a1696526302ce.pdf