Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
Erythema Nodosum, the First Clinical Manifestation of Crohn's Disease in a-14 Year-Old Boy: A Case Report
103
105
EN
Sheila
Kianifar
Resident of Pediatrics, Department of pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
sheilakianifar@yahoo.com
Abdolreza
Malek
0000-0002-2581-2596
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
malekar@mums.ac.ir
Mohammad Ali
kiani
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
kianima@mums.ac.ir
Hamid Reza
Goldouzi
0000-0002-8608-7674
Resident of Pediatrics, Department of pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
hamid.reza.goldozian@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.54857.1349
Erythema nodosum (EN) is a condition in which the skin suffers from oval-shaped and tender erythematous patches, mostly on the anterior region of the leg and sometimes other parts of the body, including the arms and affects subcutaneous adipose tissue. These patches are self-limiting and usually heal on their own within one to two weeks. This is a case report of a patient who is a 14-year-old boy complained of oval-shaped tender erythematous lesions on the legs of both legs and referred and was hospitalized 5 days ago. The patient continued to complain of pain in both thighs when standing and sitting. The patient developed a high fever upon admission. There was no history of the disease while we were taking his history. All laboratory tests were performed and rheumatic diseases and possible malignancies were evaluated and rejected. The patient was treated with the anti- naproxen, an inflammatory drug, and then the patient’s pain and fever decreased. However, the patient suffered from multiple ulcerative lesions in the mouth on the final day of hospitalization. Infectious counseling was performed and he was discharged with a diagnosis of EN in the context of oral herpes. Two days after discharge, the patient suffered from hematochezia. Consequently, he was hospitalized and underwent colonoscopy, which showed multiple mucosal lesions in the esophagus and duodenum, and a sample was sent for pathology. The test result showed Crohn’s disease, and the patient was treated immediately.
Erythema Nodosum,Child,ulcers,Crohns disease
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_17861.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_17861_e261640ca12d81eacf4bdbebd383ed12.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
Evaluation of Interleukin 33 and ST2 Serum Concentration in Active Tuberculosis Patients
106
110
EN
Masoud
Youssefi
0000-0001-6028-3573
1.Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
2.Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
youssefim@mums.ac.ir
Golsa
Teimouri
1.Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
2. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
teimouri@gmail.com
Farnaz
Zahedi Avval
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
aval@gmail.com
kiarash
ghazvini
0000-0002-8538-1425
1.Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
2. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
ghazvinik@mums.ac.ir
Masoud
Keikha
0000-0002-4553-2559
1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
2. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
masoud.keykha90@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.59643.1373
The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect to their age and gender, included in the study as the control group. After that, the serum levels of sST2 and IL33 were measured by ELISA sandwich method using commercial Quantikine Human ELISA kit (R&D Systems). The data were finally analyzed by SPSS software. IL-33 levels in the TB group were higher than the healthy controls and a statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 levels between the two groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, IL-33R (ST2) was slightly increased in the TB patients compared to the healthy controls, although statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.083). Regarding the high normal variation of sST2 and the limitations of the present study, it is recommended that future studies of sST2 be performed in with higher number of TB patients.
active pulmonary tuberculosis,Cytokines,Tuberculosis
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18872.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18872_f63cd2e396542db65100c4175c26ce95.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
Trend and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Gastroenterology Patients
111
116
EN
Hesaneh
Izadyar
0000-0002-9235-5858
Department of Infectious diseases & Tropical Medicine and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Disease Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
izadyarh8125@gmail.com
Mitra
Ahadi
0000-0002-3556-2834
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
ahadim@mums.ac.ir
Ahmad
Khosravi Khorashad
Formerly,professor of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Mashhad university of Medical sciences,He was dead from covid 19 at 2020
khosravia@mums.ac.ir
Hassan
Saadatnia
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
saadatniah@yahoo.com
Hasan
Vosoghinia
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
vosoghiniah@mums.ac.ir
Mohamadreza
Farzanehfar
0000-0003-3135-930X
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
farzanehfm@mums.ac.ir
Ali
Beheshti Namdar
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
beheshtia@mums.ac.ir
Elham
Mokhtari Amirmajdi
Department of Internal Medicine,Mashhad Branch Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
emokhtaria@mums.ac.ir
Sahar
Khorasani
Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
khorasanis@bums.ac.ir
Hamid Reza
Akbari
Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
hr_akbari73@yahoo.com
Foad
Faroughi Bojd
Faculty of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
foad.9210@yahoo.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.59641.1372
Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of trend and use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients referring to the Gastroenterology clinics in Mashhad. <br />Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed at Gastroenterology clinics affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The study began in December 2015 and ended in March 2017. The study subjects (n=751) were randomly selected from patients referring to Gastroenterology clinics in the city of Mashhad. Patients responded to the questions through interviews. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-16 statistical software.<br />Results: This study was conducted on 751 patients referring to gastroenterologists; of whom, 274 (48.36%) were male and 476 (38.63) were female. According to the results, the most popular complementary and alternative medicine treatments were respectively herbal medicine, cupping therapy and acupuncture. A significant difference was observed in the means at is faction with complementary and alternative medicine between those who believed in it and those who did not (p=0.001); but, no significant difference was detected in mean satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between patients with different occupations (p=0.193). There was also a significant difference in the number of patients between the group of patients receiving chemical medication and the group of patients receiving complementary and alternative medicine therapies (p=0.005). No significant difference was found in the level of satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between participants referring to the Gastroenterology clinics for different causes (p=0.431); nonetheless, the highest satisfaction was observed in patients with malignancy, and the lowest satisfaction was detected in patients with esophageal disorders.<br />Conclusion: This study indicated the high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine in Iran. The worldwide popularity of complementary and alternative medicine should not be overlooked, therefore; current medical treatment systems need to be revised and modified
Keywords: Complementary Medicine,Herbal Medicine,Gastroenterology outpatient clinic
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18626.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18626_0724edab083a3933e3db688becb69925.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
Effectiveness of Smart Two-Dimensional Barcodes in Designing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Posters
117
122
EN
Seyed Reza
Habibzadeh
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
habibzadehr@mums.ac.ir
Hamid Reza
Reihani
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
reihanihr@mums.ac.ir
Morteza
Talebi Doluee
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
talebidm@mums.ac.ir
Fatemeh
Maleki
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
maleki.f@bums.ac.ir
Amirreza
Joshani Noghabi
Department of Emergency Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
joshaninoghabi@gmail.com
Majid
Khadem-Rezaiyan
0000-0003-2698-176X
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
khademrm@mums.ac.ir
Mahdi
Foroughian
0000-0002-3944-9361
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
foroughianmh@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/rcm.2021.56531.1362
Introduction: Today, the use of new technologies has expanded in various fields. One of these cases is the use of smartphones and barcode reader software and two-dimensional barcodes. In this study, we tried to evaluate the influence of barcode utilization in the training of residents. <br /><br />Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the emergency department of Ghaem Hospital, in which the effect of using educational barcodes on 30 medical residents of the emergency, internal medicine, and neurology was investigated. A questionnaire recording the performance of residents in medical emergency procedures was used. Also, demographic variables of residents were recorded. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software.<br /><br />Results: A total of 30 residents completed the study questionnaire before installing the poster, and 29 of them completed the post-test questionnaire. Of these, 10 (33.3%) were emergency medicine residents, 13 (43.3%) Internal medicine and 7 subjects (23.3%) were neurology residents. All of them (100%) found the use of QR codes practical and easy. Analysis of data related to pre-test and post-test scores of residents shows that their average scores in the pre-test, 7 ±2.39, and their average scores in the test post 10.86 ±2.431, which indicates a significant increase after using the QR code poster (P-value = 0.000) Conclusion: The use of QR codes has been practical, easy, and user-friendly. Also, comparing the average scores of participants before and after the installation of these codes, shows that it has had a significant effect on training residents.
Medical education,New Technologies,Two-Dimensional Smart Barcodes,Emergency Medicine
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19124.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19124_eec9b174871bc3176092f83a05adc0c2.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
Knowledge and Performance of Dentists and Senior Dental Students Regarding the Treatment of Patients Taking Bisphosphonates in Bandar Abbas City, Iran
123
128
EN
Arezoo
Rayani
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
arezoo.rayyani@gmail.com
Aliakbar
Davar
Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
parhizhp@gmail.com
Melika
Mollaei
Student research committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
dent.am100@gmail.com
Maryam
Zamanzadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
zamanzadehmaryam@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.60728.1379
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Bisphosphonates (BP) have recently been used in the treatment of bone diseases. The BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a severe complication of long-term usage of BP and can lead to serious consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness and performance of dentists and senior dental students in Bandar Abbas, Iran, regarding the treatment of patients who take BP.<br /><strong>Method: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire, based on the standard guidelines, was handed out to dentists and senior dental students in Bandar Abbas city. Variables, such as gender, age, level of awareness, and performance when treating the aforementioned patients were taken into account. The collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene, chi-squared, and independent t-test.<br /><strong>Result: </strong>The performance index was 11.8±2.82 in dentists and 14.29±5.8 in senior dental students which indicates a significant difference between them in terms of performance when treating BRONJ in patients taking BP. However, no significant difference was observed in terms of their knowledge. <br /><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of performance and knowledge in most dentists and dental students was intermediate and policies should be made to raise their abilities.
Bisphosphonate,BRONJ,Knowledge,Performance
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19101.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19101_fa37781a06e92f45e29edb792f33b908.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
An Overview of COVID-19 Stigma: India’s Perspective “Pain of Rejection is more Severe than Infection”
129
131
EN
Anuj
Singh
https://orcid.org/00
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
kshatriyanuj@gmail.com
Naveen
Khargekar
https://orcid.org/ 0
Department of Preventive Oncology , Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
naveenkhargekar@gmail.com
Divya
Khanna
https://orcid.org/00
Department of Preventive Oncology , Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
dkhannakgmc@gmail.com
Ashish
Kumar
Sharma
0000-0002-4619-7270
Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Varun Arjun Medical College and Rohilkhand Hospital, Banthara, Uttar Pradesh, India.
dr.ashishsharma90@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.60368.1377
Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance of community fuelling the social discrimination. The patient can recover the physical wound or diseases but stigma strikes the soul of victim that debilitates the will for survival. Stigma does not only affect the patients only but also the front line warriors excruciating the global emergency. Psychological distress mitigation is still missing in COVID-19 coping strategies. This article is intended to provide an overview of social-stigmatization faced by different sets of population as well as to draw attention over mental health component assimilation in therapeutic measures of COVID-19. To ensure the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the individual, community and society as whole.
COVID-19,Depression,Pandemic,Stigma
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18960.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_18960_d3ce99ca470f5d6501bc93c5a09c4878.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
Gastrointestinal Anastomosis leakage Risk Factors after Cancer Surgery: is Transfusion an Independent Risk Factor for Anastomosis Leakage?
132
138
EN
Mohammad Amin
Shahrbaf
0000-0003-3019-1883
Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
aminshahrbaf41@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.60773.1380
Gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis is a usual procedure in the context of GI cancer surgeries. Performing an anastomosis may be complicated by infection, bleeding, anastomotic stricture, and anastomotic leakage. Anastomosis leakage is one of the devastating complications after performing an anastomosis which can be associated with several preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors. Gender, body mass index, chemoradiotherapy, and underlying disease are preoperative risk factors for anastomosis leakage. In addition, surgical technique, operation time, tumor characteristics, blood loss, and blood transfusion are intraoperative risk factors. Diverting stoma and intestinal microbiota are assumed as post-operative risk factors for anastomosis leakage. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to describe risk factors of anastomosis leakage, especially blood transfusion. Blood transfusion can affect anastomotic healing by interfering with microcirculation, anastomotic healing phases, and the inflammatory phase of anastomosis healing. Compromised microcirculation caused by transfusion is one of the possible mechanisms for the failure of the anastomoses.
Anastomotic Leak,Blood transfusion,Intraoperative Complications,Digestive System Surgical Procedures
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19141.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19141_f197188b8f04d3e3d56ffa10b58f1782.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Reviews in Clinical Medicine
2345-6256
2345-6892
8
3
2021
09
01
The Potential Role of Metformin as a Weight Loss Drug in Non-Diabetic Individuals: A Comprehensive Review
139
144
EN
Ubaid
Khan
0000-0001-8398-7207
King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan
ubaidkhanafridi@yahoo.com
Behdad
Dehbandi
abi promedical center, Latvia
behdad.dehbandi@gmail.com
Hafiz Muhammad Waqas
Siddique
King Edward Medical University Lahore
wsmalghani@gmail.com
Muhammd Farhan
Akhtar
King Edward Medical University Lahore
farriqaisrani@gmail.com
Zabeeh
Ullah
King Edward Medical University Lahore
zabeehullahmohmand@gmail.com
10.22038/rcm.2021.60312.1376
Recent clinical research studies evaluated metformin's potential effects as a weight-reducing drug in non-diabetic individuals despite its glucose-lowering effects. Metformin reduces weight by acting on the appetite regulatory pathways, peripheral fat metabolism, and averse unfavorable fat storage. Clinical recent findings indicated that individuals maintain weight with the help of lifestyle modifications and bariatric surgery. However, metformin's clinical efficacy on weight loss helped the individuals overcome overweight and obesity complications. Metformin alters the hypothalamic physiology, including insulin and leptin sensitivity. Furthermore, metformin regulates the circadian rhythm changes and gastrointestinal physiology by affecting food intake and regulating fat oxidation, storage fat in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissues. Research also indicated other appetite suppressing medications such as topiramate, lorcaserin, and phentermine along with metformin also seems logical but clinical data reported that their weight loss results are lacking. However, more detailed research on how metformin induces weight loss in non-diabetic individuals and the prescription of other pharmacological interventions is needed.
Metformin,Obesity,Weight loss,Hypothalamus, Non-diabetic
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19306.html
https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_19306_30f3210f00f84dc5dd43052745da1656.pdf