TY - JOUR ID - 4346 TI - Neural mechanisms underlying morphine withdrawal in addicted patients: a review JO - Reviews in Clinical Medicine JA - RCM LA - en SN - 2345-6256 AU - Babhadiashar, Nima AU - Vaseghi, Golnaz AU - Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud AU - Andalib, Sasan AU - Eshraghi, Azadeh AU - Masoudian, Nooshin AD - Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AD - Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran AD - Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran AD - Neurosciences Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AD - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AD - Neurology Ward, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosar Hospital, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Y1 - 2015 PY - 2015 VL - 2 IS - 3 SP - 151 EP - 157 KW - Morphine dependence KW - Morphine withdrawal KW - Morphine withdrawal syndrome KW - Neural mechanisms DO - 10.17463/RCM.2015.03.010 N2 - Morphine is one of the most potent alkaloid in opium, which has substantial medical uses and needs and it is the first active principle purified from herbal source. Morphine has commonly been used for relief of moderate to severe pain as it acts directly on the central nervous system; nonetheless, its chronic abuse increases tolerance and physical dependence, which is commonly known as opiate addiction. Morphine withdrawal syndrome is physiological and behavioral symptoms that stem from prolonged exposure to morphine. A majority of brain regions are hypofunctional over prolonged abstinence and acute morphine withdrawal. Furthermore, several neural mechanisms are likely to contribute to morphine withdrawal. The present review summarizes the literature pertaining to neural mechanisms underlying morphine withdrawal. Despite the fact that morphine withdrawal is a complex process, it is suggested that neural mechanisms play key roles in morphine withdrawal. UR - https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_4346.html L1 - https://rcm.mums.ac.ir/article_4346_e655db9d53aed778ff697af37c8cc659.pdf ER -