Shabnam Imannezhad; Alireza Sabzevari; Ali Rahdari; Mohsen Akhondi
Abstract
Introduction: The importance of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) as a precursor to invasive cervical cancer suggests a considerable need for accurate screening of the patients for the risk of these lesions. This systematic review aimed to study the diagnostic significance of endocervical ...
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Introduction: The importance of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) as a precursor to invasive cervical cancer suggests a considerable need for accurate screening of the patients for the risk of these lesions. This systematic review aimed to study the diagnostic significance of endocervical curettage (ECC) at the time of colposcopy in the detection of CIN 2, 3, and preinvasive lesions.Methods: PubMed was searched to obtain the relevant articles based on the following search term: (endocervical curettage OR ECC) AND colposcopy. The most relevant articles were included after studying the title, abstract, and full text of the obtained articles at initial search. Only English language articles published after 1992 with at least 500 patients were included in this study.Result: Among 300 articles identified by the first search, only seven articles were in line with the purpose of this systematic review. Majority of the included studies were retrospective observational studies.Conclusion: Performing ECC has higher sensitivity in women older than 40 years and those with unsatisfactory colposcopy results. However exact diagnostic usefulness of ECC at the time of colposcopy needs to be investigated in further studies.
Masoud Keikha; mohsen Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki; Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca; Jorge Casseb
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus, which is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Evidence suggests that the interaction of HTLV-1 with the cellular-immune system plays a key role in the ...
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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus, which is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Evidence suggests that the interaction of HTLV-1 with the cellular-immune system plays a key role in the development of HAM/TSP. However, the main mechanism in this regard remains unknown. The present study aimed to review the HAM/TSP pathogenesis, current status of HTLV-1 in Iran, and available treatments for HTLV-1 infection.
Abdollah Banihashem; Hamid Farhangi; Mojtaba Mousavi Bazaz; Zahra Badiee; Ali Ghasemi; Sara Hesari
Abstract
Different therapeutic options in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura include observation alone, periodic treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or anti-D, chronic administration of immunosuppressive agents, and splenectomy.Preference of the type of therapy depends ...
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Different therapeutic options in children with immune thrombocytopenic purpura include observation alone, periodic treatment with corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or anti-D, chronic administration of immunosuppressive agents, and splenectomy.Preference of the type of therapy depends on the degree of thrombocytopenia and clinical bleeding manifestations. Dexamethasone is safe but its side effects are the main disadvantages for its usage. Anti-D is more expensive than dexamethason but the side effect is rare and not dangerous and response to treatment is assessed in approximately 3 days after infusion.
Soodabeh Shahidsales; Mitra Fazl Ersi
Abstract
Studies have devoted relatively scant attention to male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer. Nevertheless, the incidence of male breast cancer has increased considerably in parallel manner with women. There is not comprehensive knowledge regarding the etiology of breast cancer in men. The ...
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Studies have devoted relatively scant attention to male breast cancer compared with female breast cancer. Nevertheless, the incidence of male breast cancer has increased considerably in parallel manner with women. There is not comprehensive knowledge regarding the etiology of breast cancer in men. The environmental agents and genetic factors are proposed as the influential parameters in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most frequent subtype of breast cancer in men and a palpable mass is the most common presentation. Breast masses might be identified at advanced stages of the disease, if undiagnosed, due to the lower prevalence and lack of awareness in men compared to women. There is not any large sample size trial or retrospective study regarding any specific treatment strategy; the routine treatments are based on existing data. In this review, we studied the risk factors, biological characteristics, and therapeutic strategies of breast cancer in men.
Farhad Heydarian; Maryam Bagherian; Elham Bakhtiari; Elahe Heidari; Forough Rakhshanizadeh
Abstract
AbstractObjective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of training parents by film, poster or graphics, and verbal explanation, on the enhancement of their satisfaction with the performance of this procedure.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional quasi-experimental study was conducted ...
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AbstractObjective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of training parents by film, poster or graphics, and verbal explanation, on the enhancement of their satisfaction with the performance of this procedure.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional quasi-experimental study was conducted on the children with febrile seizures referred to the Emergency and Pediatric Wards of hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. They were LP candidates; nonetheless, their parents did not consent to the performance of this procedure. The children were randomly assigned to three groups. In the first group, videos of the location and method of LP were presented to the parents. The second group received this information via posters, and the parents in the third group were given a verbal explanation. Results: The children included 49 (4.54%) females with a mean age of 15 months. There was a significant relationship between the reason for parental refusal of LP and their final satisfaction (P=0.022). There was a significant relationship between parents' satisfaction with the performance of LP and their education (P=0.029). The film method had the lowest chance of success, and the verbal explanation method enjoyed the most remarkable success in enhancing parental satisfaction (P= 0.013).Conclusion: Although the use of posters and videos was less effective than verbal explanation, it increased the satisfaction of LP in some parents. In fact, it is more beneficial to try to alter parental misperceptions of LP in non-emergency situations.
Sharifeh Haghjoo
Abstract
Cancerous patients, under the chemotherapy or radiotherapy, are at high risk of malnutrition due to the associated complications with the treatment procedures such as chewing problems, dysphagia, nausea etc. Considering the patients’ history of alcohol consumption, smoking or any other diseases ...
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Cancerous patients, under the chemotherapy or radiotherapy, are at high risk of malnutrition due to the associated complications with the treatment procedures such as chewing problems, dysphagia, nausea etc. Considering the patients’ history of alcohol consumption, smoking or any other diseases and performing several physical examinations are essential in early identification of high-risk patients for nutritional complications, losing unintentional weight and fat free mass. In this review, we tried to briefly explain the risk of malnutrition in patients with head and neck cancers who are undergoing surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Oral nutrition, nasogastric tube and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy are different methods of nutritional interventions, which have been compared due to their efficacy in maintaining the patients’ weight. In this study, we reviewed the results obtained in clinical trials about the efficacy of intense nutritional intervention on limiting the chemoradiotherapy-associated complications in patients with head and neck cancers.
Raheleh Jabini; Arezoo Mirbolouk; mohamadreza farzanehfar
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in ascites caused by various diseases. Moreover, it was attempted to investigate its usefulness in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign ascites.
Methods: A total of 52 ascitic fluid samples ...
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Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in ascites caused by various diseases. Moreover, it was attempted to investigate its usefulness in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign ascites.
Methods: A total of 52 ascitic fluid samples were collected from cirrhotic patients referred to Ghaem Hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran. Subsequently, the samples were divided into two experimental groups, namely benign ascites (n=26) and malignant ascites (n=26). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to determine the presence of Cox-2 mRNA in samples.
Results: According to the results, the mean age of the patients was 56.94±12.04 years (age range: 30-80 years), and the majority of the patients were male (1.88 to 1). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender. The Cox-2 mRNA was detected in 4 (15.4%) and 15 (57.7%) patients from the benign and malignant groups, respectively (P=0.003). Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values of Cox2 to differentiate malignant from benign ascites were estimated at 57.7%, 84.6%, 78.9%, and 66.7%, respectively.
Conclusion: The Cox2 mRNA expression assessed by RT-PCR could be a useful method in differential diagnosis and screening of malignant ascites.
Zahra Baghestani; Reza Boostani
Abstract
A 43-year-old male presented with diplopia and right sixth-nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a lesion in the right periventricular area. High-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy did not resolve the symptom. After one month, his diplopia progressed and he developed weakness ...
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A 43-year-old male presented with diplopia and right sixth-nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a lesion in the right periventricular area. High-dose corticosteroid pulse therapy did not resolve the symptom. After one month, his diplopia progressed and he developed weakness of the left lower limb. Detailed examination revealed left sixth-nerve palsy, dropped foot, waddling gait, atrophy of the gluteal muscles and mild atrophy and weakness of the right upper limb. Neurological examination supported evidence of multiple cranial nerve palsies along with asymmetrical peripheral neuropathy. Electrodiagnostic studies were compatible with a mononeuritis multiplex. Rheumatologic evaluations were normal. Malignancy work-up were normal, except for some insignificant lymph nodes. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were normal. The second brain MRI detected multiple homogenous enhancing lesions in the right periventricular area.The result of stereotactic biopsy and immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated primary B-cell CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Mononeuritis multiplex has not been reported as a paraneoplastic manifestation of PCNSL yet. In other words, it is not clear whether involvement of the peripheral nervous system in our patient is a paraneoplastic manifestation of PCNSL or a coincidence of PCNSL and hematologic lymphoma presenting with peripheral vasculitic neuropathy. It is recommendedthat future studies focus more on symptoms associated with PCNSL to recognize the exact relationship between PCNSL and peripheral neuropathy.
Kiarash Ghazvini; Shamsoddin Mansouri; Mohammad-Taghi Shakeri; Masoud Youssefi; Mohammad Derakhshan; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial disease and a leading cause of mortality among single-agent infectious diseases following the human immunodeficiency virus infection across the world. Logistic regression is a method of statistical analysis with predictive capability. This multivariate ...
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Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial disease and a leading cause of mortality among single-agent infectious diseases following the human immunodeficiency virus infection across the world. Logistic regression is a method of statistical analysis with predictive capability. This multivariate statistical method could be used to evaluate the correlations between independent variables (albeit confounding) and a dependent variable. The present study aimed to assess the influential factors in the incidence of TB based on the estimations of a logistic regression predictive model.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on two groups consisting of 189 TB patients and 189 controls. The influential factors in TB were compared between the groups, including age, gender, marital status, risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), smoking habits, history of asthma, organ transplantation, body mass index (BMI), vitamin D3 level, diabetes, and rate of hemoglobin and malignant diseases. In addition, the predictive potential of the logistic regression model was determined based on various indices, such as sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the regression model were estimated at 78% and 68%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve was calculated to be 0.821. Among the available influential factors in the dependent variable (i.e., TB), the variables of vitamin D3 and hemoglobin levels and BMI were considered significant. Conclusion: According to the results, the logistic regression model is appropriate for the prediction of TB considering the accuracy and predictive power of its criteria, as well as the area under the ROC curve (0.821), which could provide the test accuracy for the diagnosis TB.
Afsoon Fazlinejad; Ali Samadzade; Ramin Khameneh Bagheri; Nayere Tousi; Amin Rezaeian
Abstract
Introduction: Left ventricular remodeling is a relatively prevalent complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and it is associated with higher rates of medical issues and mortality. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) are unable to detect accurately minor ...
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Introduction: Left ventricular remodeling is a relatively prevalent complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and it is associated with higher rates of medical issues and mortality. Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion score index (WMSI) are unable to detect accurately minor lesions following AMI. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), which is obtained through 2D-speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE), provides an angle-dependent measurement by which the infarcted area can be assessed as a means of identifying potential dysfunction. The main objective of this study was to evaluate whether GLS could adequately predict LV remodeling in AMI patients. Methods: The MEDLINE database from database inception to May 6th, 2015, was searched for relevant keywords and the reference lists of systematic reviews and eligible studies were also screened. All studies involving patients with their first reported case of AMI were examined for GLS by 2D-STE and were evaluated for LV remodeling at a three-month follow-up point. Four English-language prospective cohort studies were eligible for inclusion in this study.Result: A total of 291 AMI patients (mean age=57.92 years) were investigated across four different studies. The main finding of this study was that the most reliable and consistent measurement for the purposes of predicting LV remodeling in AMI patients is GLS obtained at the time of discharge, especially in STEMI patients.Discussion: In addition to their poor reproducibility, inability to stratify risks, and inter-observer variability, compensatory hyperkinesis of intact myocytes and myocardial stunning after an AMI are among the main reasons why LVEF and WMSI may not be the most effective predictors of LV remodeling in AMI.Conclusion: GLS obtained by 2D-STE at the time of discharge could be used as a reliable predictor of LV remodeling in AMI patients.
Fariba Rezaeetalab; Daryush Hamidi alamdari; Asghar Dalili
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterised by partially reversible contracture of small respiratory airways seems to be among leading causes of death in the world. COPD is characterized by inflammation, protease/antiprotease imbalance, genetic variability and oxidative stress. The latter ...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterised by partially reversible contracture of small respiratory airways seems to be among leading causes of death in the world. COPD is characterized by inflammation, protease/antiprotease imbalance, genetic variability and oxidative stress. The latter refers to a condition in which oxidative agents overcome against antioxidants. In this review literature, the consequences of oxidative stress in COPD, such as systemic and pulmonary neutrophil influx, hypersecretion, dual and reciprocal effects with inflammatory contributors and systemic manifestations are discussed. In addition, a review of oxidative stress biomarkers as well as therapeutic strategies based on recent researches for antioxidant supplementation therapy is provided.
Atieh Yaghoubi; kiarash Ghazvini; Seyed Isaac Hashemy
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate ...
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Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia and there were 50 million individuals have dementia in 2018 worldwide and the cost of dementia care to Medicare and Medicaid is so high (about US$1 trillion) in that year. Recently, several articles show that tuberculosis may be increased the development rate of Alzheimer's disease in these patients. So knowing the probable relationship between these two could be helpful. Also, there is evidence demonstrating that the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine and rifampicin as a conventional vaccine and medicine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections could be used as a promising agent for the prevention and reduce the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. According to our knowledge, the present review is the first and only review that assessed the possible relationship between tuberculosis and Alzheimer's disease as well as the possible therapeutic role of rifampicin and BCG vaccine in treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease, respectively.
Somaye Norouzi; Mohsen Nematy; Hedieh Zabolinezhad; Samane Sistani; Kobra Etminani
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of people with diabetes will grow 114% by 2030. It declares that patients themselves have more responsibility for controlling and the treatment of diabetes by being provided with updated knowledge about the disease and different aspects of available ...
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World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of people with diabetes will grow 114% by 2030. It declares that patients themselves have more responsibility for controlling and the treatment of diabetes by being provided with updated knowledge about the disease and different aspects of available treatments, and diet therapy in particular. In this regard, diet recommendation systems would be helpful. They are techniques and tools which suggest the best diets according to patient’s health situation and preferences. Accordingly, this narrative review studied food recommendation systems and their features by focusing on nutrition and diabetic issues. Literature searches in Google scholar and Pubmed were conducted in February 2015. Records were limited to papers in English language; however, no limitations were applied for the published date. We recognized three common methods for food recommender system: collaborative filtering recommender system (CFRS), knowledge based recommender system (KBRS) and context-aware recommender system (CARS). Also wellness recommender systems are a subfield of food recommender systems, which help users to find and adapt suitable personalized wellness treatments based on their individual needs. Food recommender systems often used artificial intelligence and semantic web techniques. Some used the combination of both techniques.
Roham Salek; Narges Bayat Mokhtari; Soudabeh Shahidsales
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers that oncologists are faced with in their clinics. The varieties of clinical features of the disease result to very different scenarios in the processes of treatment decision making. While classic factors of stage, grade, age and hormone receptor status ...
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Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers that oncologists are faced with in their clinics. The varieties of clinical features of the disease result to very different scenarios in the processes of treatment decision making. While classic factors of stage, grade, age and hormone receptor status are still the criterion for choosing treatment, a very delicate list of other prognostic and predictive factors have been entered to this field over recent two decades. The evidence-based medicine rules to treat patients based on the best evidences that have been found by powered randomized clinical trials. Different panels and guidelines gathering these evidences try to help oncologists to find the best treatment methods through the variable and sometimes contradicting results. As it is always the main objective, increasing the survival rates in addition to the ideal aim of curing the disease is usually the target. Finding the best and the most practical chemotherapy regimen against breast cancer needs to notice the biology of this disease and its varieties along with each individual patient condition. It is clear that not all patients need the most complicated and expensive treatment.
Jalil Tavakol Afshari; Mahdi Yousefi; Roshanak Salari
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease that starts in the early life and usually persists by the end of life in 20% of cases. The disease shows multiple periods of relapse, and significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. The etiology of this disease is unknown, yet recent studies ...
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Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease that starts in the early life and usually persists by the end of life in 20% of cases. The disease shows multiple periods of relapse, and significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. The etiology of this disease is unknown, yet recent studies have reported incidence of immunological disorders and mutation in the filaggrin gene as the major causes. In some cases, concurrent incidence of infection with these inflammatory lesions reinforces the significance of treatment. Various methods of treatment such as emollients, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors are applied to manage this disorder. Traditional and complementary approaches may also help to control the disease. This disease is not usually easily controllable, thus requires full awareness of physicians on the underlying prospects of this disease. This review paper deals with the important aspects of the clinical perspectives and presents an integrative therapeutic approach for treating atopic dermatitis.
Malihe Amirian; Atiyeh Vatanchi; Maryam Safari
Abstract
Uterine atony is the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Uterine compression suture is a common technique to control PPH in caesarean delivery. This article aimed to report a complication of this method for post-delivery atony. A 27-year-old primigravida woman with term pregnancy underwent caesarean ...
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Uterine atony is the main cause of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Uterine compression suture is a common technique to control PPH in caesarean delivery. This article aimed to report a complication of this method for post-delivery atony. A 27-year-old primigravida woman with term pregnancy underwent caesarean delivery and was unresponsive to medical therapy and uterine artery ligation due to uterine atony. Two compression sutures were placed on her uterus. However, after 11 days, the patient underwent surgery again due to severe fever, infection, and a necrotic mass in the uterine cavity. The necrotic mass was we removed during the surgery. Although uterine compression suture is an effective method for the treatment of PPH, we witnessed some side effects in the patient, especially myometrium necrosis.
Mostafa Dastani
Abstract
Cardiovascular is the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The cardiovascular mortality rate of patients with renal impairment is evaluated to be higher than general population. Coronary artery disease seems to be an important type of cardiovascular complication ...
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Cardiovascular is the major cause of death in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The cardiovascular mortality rate of patients with renal impairment is evaluated to be higher than general population. Coronary artery disease seems to be an important type of cardiovascular complication among patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease before the renal replacement therapy. Due to the strong association between chronic kidney disease and the incidence of coronary artery disease, accurate screening, diagnosis, and management of cardiovascular complications would be essential in patients at different stages of renal dysfunction. Despite the need for the comprehensive knowledge about different aspects of coronary artery disease in patients with renal failure, there is not sufficient evidence regarding the pathophysiology, ideal diagnosis, and treatment strategies for coronary heart disease in population with chronic kidney disease. In this study, we briefly reviewed the existing literatures about the possible screening, diagnosis, and the treatment approaches of risk of coronary heart disease in patients with kidney dysfunction.
Farveh Vakilian; Fateme Tara; Fateme Moosavi
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious and growing public health concern, which has many causes. Pregnancy is a critical condition with significant hemodynamic and immunologic changes. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease of unknown cause in which left ventricular (LV) dysfunction occurs during the ...
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Heart failure (HF) is a serious and growing public health concern, which has many causes. Pregnancy is a critical condition with significant hemodynamic and immunologic changes. Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease of unknown cause in which left ventricular (LV) dysfunction occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy or the early puerperium. PPCM is known to be the most common cardiovascular cause of severe complications in pregnancy. Risk factors for peripartum cardiomyopathy include advanced maternal age, twin pregnancy, smoking, pregnancy-related hypertension and preeclampsia, multiparity, African descent, and long-term tocolysis. Oxidative stress and some inflammatory markers have been diagnosed in PPCM pathophysiology. Recent observations have suggested that bromocriptine might favor recovery of LV systolic function in patients with PPCM. Patients developed peripartum cardiomiopathy treated with bromocriptine showed significantly improved LV ejection fraction and heart failure symptoms. This article tries to have a short review on this clinical scenario.
Forough Rakhshanizadeh; Mohammad Esmaeeli
Abstract
In the last two centuries, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure (RF) have been considered as the main medical problems which were fatal in many cases. Trace elements such as selenium, copper, and zinc are the components of biological enzymes which have a crucial role in decreasing reactive ...
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In the last two centuries, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure (RF) have been considered as the main medical problems which were fatal in many cases. Trace elements such as selenium, copper, and zinc are the components of biological enzymes which have a crucial role in decreasing reactive oxygen. The levels of these trace elements reduce in CKD patients. Close and careful nutritional support of children with CKD, particularly in the early stages of the disease, is necessary.
Mohsen Akhondi; Alireza Sabzevari; Ali Rahdari; Shabnam Imannezhad
Abstract
Introduction: Coughing is an airway complication that could affect the outcome of surgery following general anesthesia in adults. In this systematic review, we aimed to study the efficacy of applying laryngeal airway mask (LMA) compared with endotracheal tube (ETT) in reducing the postoperative cough ...
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Introduction: Coughing is an airway complication that could affect the outcome of surgery following general anesthesia in adults. In this systematic review, we aimed to study the efficacy of applying laryngeal airway mask (LMA) compared with endotracheal tube (ETT) in reducing the postoperative cough in adults under general anesthesia.Method: PubMed was searched for the relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were all the randomized controlled clinical trials, which used LMA and ETT in adults under general anesthesia. Only English language articles were included in this study with no time limitation.Result: Overall, 15 articles were retrieved, which were relevant with the purpose of this study. Efficacy of LMA in reducing coughing was significantly different with ETT in adults under general anesthesia in various types of surgeries. Calculated number needed to treat (NNT) showed that using LMA would significantly reduce coughing even in one adult patient.Conclusions: Coughing has shown various adverse effects on postoperative main results in some surgeries such as cataract, cranial, etc. Applying LMA could positively decrease postoperative coughing in adults.
Ali Parsa; Farzad Omidi Kashani; Mohammad Moghaddam; Abdolreza Malek; Ali Birjandinejad
Abstract
Thumb hypoplasia only in the intrinsic thenar muscles is a rare condition; this defect might be accompanied with cardiac diseases (Holt-Oram syndrome), ocular anomalies, and vascular anomalies of the hand and wrist (Okihiro syndrome). In addition, this condition may be detected in hypereosinophilic syndrome ...
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Thumb hypoplasia only in the intrinsic thenar muscles is a rare condition; this defect might be accompanied with cardiac diseases (Holt-Oram syndrome), ocular anomalies, and vascular anomalies of the hand and wrist (Okihiro syndrome). In addition, this condition may be detected in hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), which gives rise to other hand anomalies, as well. Unilateral or bilateral absence of isolated thenar muscles is another rare abnormality.In this study, we presented a case of Cavanagh’s syndrome in an eight-year-old boy with right-sided thenar hypoplasia who had difficulty in thumb opposition. For the treatment, the patient underwent abductor digiti minimi (ADM) opponensplasty. After three years of follow-up, he regained thumb opposition and was symptom-free. Care must be taken to avoid misdiagnosis of thenar atrophy/hypoplasia with carpal tunnel syndrome in case of children.
Mohammad Saleh Soltankhah; Mohammad Reza Majidi; Shahaboddin Shabani
Abstract
Nasal polyp is macroscopic edematous mass and it is a most common nasal complaint of the patients. The exact etiology is still unknown and controversial, but the main causes are assumed to be the inflammatory conditions and allergy. Their clinical presentations are obstruction, rhinorrhea, postnasal ...
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Nasal polyp is macroscopic edematous mass and it is a most common nasal complaint of the patients. The exact etiology is still unknown and controversial, but the main causes are assumed to be the inflammatory conditions and allergy. Their clinical presentations are obstruction, rhinorrhea, postnasal drip. Nasal polyp is more common in allergic patients with asthma. Treatment of this complication is associated with both medical treatment and surgery. Corticosteroids (systemic and topical) are shown to be beneficial in reducing the size of nasal polyp. Corticosteroids are also used as a primary treatment and postoperative management for avoiding recurrence. The rate of leukotrienes is increased in polyps. It is reported that leukotriene receptor antagonists (antileukotriene) have a beneficial effect on nasal polyp treatment. Montelukast is an antileukotriene. It can be used to modify the symptoms of nasal polyp. There is no significant difference between corticosteroids and montelukast clinical efficacy.
Arezoo Jahanbin; Mostafa Shahabi; Abdolrasoul Rangrazi; Parastoo Namdar; Farzaneh Lal Alizadeh
Abstract
With the exception of the third molar, maxillary canine impaction is considered to be the most common form of tooth impaction. The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically important in preserving the harmony and symmetry of the dental arches. The incidence ...
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With the exception of the third molar, maxillary canine impaction is considered to be the most common form of tooth impaction. The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically important in preserving the harmony and symmetry of the dental arches. The incidence of maxillary canine impaction in the maxilla is more than twice higher compared to the mandible. Approximately one-thirds of the cases are labially located, and two-thirds are palatally located. Bilateral impaction has been reported in 8% of the patients with canine impaction. The treatment procedure is time-consuming and imposes a significant financial burden on the patient. Impacted maxillary canines could be erupted and guided to an appropriate location in the dental arch with early detection, timely interception, and proper surgical management in order to perform orthodontic treatment. Various surgical and orthodontic techniques could be used to guide impacted canines into the arch. Accurate selection of surgical and orthodontic techniques is essential to the successful alignment of impacted teeth. Management of impacted tooth often requires an interdisciplinary approach. In addition, proper cooperation of the orthodontist, oral surgeon, and periodontist seems crucial in this process. The present study aimed to review the clinical and practical aspects required for the management of maxillary canine impaction based on the location and age of the impaction.
Karim Nikkhah; Mohammad Taghi Farzadfard; Fariborz Rezaeitalab
Abstract
Interesting phenomena of reflex epileptic syndromes are characterized by epileptic seizures each one induced by specific stimulus with a variety of types. Simple triggers, which lead to seizures within seconds, are of sensory type (most commonly visual, most rarely tactile or proprioceptive stimuli). ...
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Interesting phenomena of reflex epileptic syndromes are characterized by epileptic seizures each one induced by specific stimulus with a variety of types. Simple triggers, which lead to seizures within seconds, are of sensory type (most commonly visual, most rarely tactile or proprioceptive stimuli). Complex triggers, which are mostly of cognitive type such as praxis, reading, talking, and music, usually induce the epileptic event within minutes. It should differ from what most epileptic patients report as provocative precipitants for seizures (such as emotional stress, fatigue, fever, sleep deprivation, alcohol, and menstrual cycle). The identification of a specific trigger is not only important for patients or their parents to avoid seizures, but also it might help neurologists to choose the most effective antiepileptic drug for each case. In addition, research in this area may possibly reveal some underlying pathophysiology of epileptic phenomena in the brain.In this review, we briefly introduce reported reflex epileptic seizures, their clinical features and management.
Sepideh Hejazi; Sahar Ravanshad; Samaneh Sajjadi
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most common types of cancer with considerable mortality and morbidity around the globe. There are various risk factors involved in the development of lung cancer, and cancer prevention plans are mainly based on controlling the modifiable risk factors. While tobacco smoking is ...
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Lung cancer is among the most common types of cancer with considerable mortality and morbidity around the globe. There are various risk factors involved in the development of lung cancer, and cancer prevention plans are mainly based on controlling the modifiable risk factors. While tobacco smoking is considered the main modifiable risk factor of lung cancer, some other modifiable factors including diet have become the center of attention in recent years. Although tobacco smoking control is one of the main strategies for preventing lung cancer in many countries, it has been discussed that eating a healthy diet can also be an adjuvant strategy for reducing the risk of developing lung cancer. In the present narrative review, we did a literature search for studies that addressed the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the development of lung cancer. Our findings show that different types of Mediterranean diets could be beneficial for reducing the risk of developing lung cancer.