seyedeh fatemeh Nosrati Hadi Abad; Sayed Majid Sadrzadeh; Mohammad Jafar Feyzabadi; Fatemeh Zahra karimi
Abstract
Population is most important asset in each country. Fertility is one of the main issues in demography. It is also an important element of population growth during recent years. Iran’s population has been experiencing important changes in its age structure due to the continuous decline in fertility. ...
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Population is most important asset in each country. Fertility is one of the main issues in demography. It is also an important element of population growth during recent years. Iran’s population has been experiencing important changes in its age structure due to the continuous decline in fertility. Presently, Iran is one of the countries that has low fertility rates. These changes, on the one hand, bear substantial considerations in terms of economic, social, policy and planning making and planning strategies, on the other hand religious government cannot stay indifferent to the religious priorities in the social, economic and family planning, thus, statesmen need to be aware of this phenomenon. This study intends to introduce Quranic guidelines and Islamic traditions concerned with fertility. In this narrative review, documents without a time limit and using the keywords Quran, Fertility, Population, Islam and Iran, alone or in combination in the alone or in combination in the Persian and English databases were searched. Also fully reviewed all 114 Surahs and other religious sources to find the verses and narrations and hadiths specifically referring to the fertility. The documents were summarized and critiqued. In Quran, there are various verses which point to infertility and human reproduction. in Surahs Al-Shura, Al-Nuh, Al-Nour , Al-Anam, Al- Nisa, Al- Tawbah, Al- Ahzab, Al- Baqarah, Al- Qiyamat, Al- Tariq, Al- Fatir, Al- Qasas, Al- Momen, Al- Ra’d, Al- Anbiya, Al- Talaq, l- Al-Imran, Al- An’am, Al- Isra, Al- Mursalat. Since being ignorant to the issue of fertility in the current situation in Iran can lead to a decrease in political, social, and economic power, it is rational to pay special attention to fertility based on the mentioned cases, and especially, the importance of the concept of fertility in the Quran and Islamic sources.
Parvaneh Karimzadeh; Sasan Saket
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in childhood with prominent neurological manifestations, signs, and symptoms in inherited neurometabolic disorders. Accurate diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders in epileptic patients increases the possibility of a specific treatment to improve epilepsy. Therefore, ...
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Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in childhood with prominent neurological manifestations, signs, and symptoms in inherited neurometabolic disorders. Accurate diagnosis of neurometabolic disorders in epileptic patients increases the possibility of a specific treatment to improve epilepsy. Therefore, early diagnosis is essential in potentially treatable epileptic disorders. Various seizure types occur in neurometabolic disorders, which are often refractory to antiepileptic drugs (without the treatment of the underlying neurometabolic disorders). Patients with underlying disorders have severe clinical presentations, such as refractory seizures. In addition, they do not respond to antiepileptic drugs in many cases. In the epileptic patients with developmental delay and/or regression, neurometabolic disorders should be considered in the presence of abnormal neurological examination and brain imaging with specific patterns. Some of these disorders are potentially treatable. Therefore, neurologists should determine the etiology of epilepsy, especially in pediatric patients, and the treatment should not be restricted to symptomatic therapy. The present study aimed to introduce some of the treatable causes of epilepsy in pediatric patients.
Touka Banaee; Naser Shoeibi; Hosein Ghavam Saeedi
Abstract
Introduction: Bevacizumab (Avastin) is considered as an effective strategy in the treatment of various ocular diseases. As a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, Avastin is used to control macular edema in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Therefore, in this ...
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Introduction: Bevacizumab (Avastin) is considered as an effective strategy in the treatment of various ocular diseases. As a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, Avastin is used to control macular edema in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Therefore, in this study, we systematically reviewed the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab injections on nonproliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. Methods: Scopus and PubMed were systematically searched to find articles in which the effect of Avastin (bevacizumab) had been evaluated in nonproliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. Literature search was performed using “Avastin OR bevacizumab”, “nonproliferative stage” and “diabetic retinopathy” as keyterms in the title, keywords, and abstract.Result: All 47 articles were found in all databases, two additional records were found through reference list screening, and only 10 articles were relevant to the purpose of this study. According to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 39 articles were excluded in several step processes of article selection. The results revealed that intravitreal injection of bevacizumab could be safely used to treat various ocular disease, particularly NPDR stage of diabetic retinopathy with macular edema.Discussion: Bevacizumab is considered as a novel and effective modality in the treatment of various ocular diseases such as retinal neovascularization, neovascular glaucoma, macular edema, and other ocular complications. Findings also suggested that bevacizumab is a suitable therapeutic approach in clinical use.Conclusion: According to the results of included documents, intravitreal injection of bevacizumab could be considered as a promising treatment modality in the clinical management of NPDR stage of diabetic retinopathy.
Samaheh Raftari; Morteza Saeedi
Abstract
Although demyelination along the axons is the main manifestation of Multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral nervous system (PNS) could be affected potentially too. In some studies PNS involvement is estimated to be more than 50 percent in MS patients. Accordingly, objective tests to confirm the severity ...
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Although demyelination along the axons is the main manifestation of Multiple sclerosis (MS), peripheral nervous system (PNS) could be affected potentially too. In some studies PNS involvement is estimated to be more than 50 percent in MS patients. Accordingly, objective tests to confirm the severity of PNS involvement might be crucial in patients` management. Modern technological advances lead to innovation of computerized electrodiagnostic (EDX) techniques in recent years. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) provide reliable data about neuropathies. Although the frequency of PNS involvement varies in different population of MS patients, recognizing clinical and subclinical PNS impairments in MS patients is important for the treatment.
Zahra Ahmadi; Sahar Roomiani; Niloofar Bemani; Milad Ashrafizadeh
Abstract
In recent decades, special attention has been paid to cell death mechanisms, with the exception of apoptosis. This could be due to the resistance of cells, particularly cancer cells, to apoptosis. Among novel pathways, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have attracted the attention of researchers. ...
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In recent decades, special attention has been paid to cell death mechanisms, with the exception of apoptosis. This could be due to the resistance of cells, particularly cancer cells, to apoptosis. Among novel pathways, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress have attracted the attention of researchers. A large number of antitumor drugs have been developed based on their modulatory effects on autophagy and ER stress. On the other hand, ER stress could stimulate autophagy and apoptosis, which is indicative of the dual role of this pathway. Therefore, the monitoring of these pathways could contribute to the treatment of pathological conditions. Among the multiple synthetic and natural modulators of autophagy and ER stress, natural agents are used more extensively owing to their few side-effects, valuable biological activities, and cost-efficiency. Honokiol as a lignin extracted from the bark of magnolia tree. This compound has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antitumor effects. The present study aimed to first introduce honokiol, autophagy, and ER stress and assess the modulatory effects of honokiol on the autophagy and ER stress mechanisms so as to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of this natural compound.
Fariba Rezaeetalab; Fariborz RezaeiTalab
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common chronic sensory motor disorder that prevents initiation and/or sleep staying. Patients with this syndrome have uncomfortable sensations in their legs (and sometimes arms or other parts of the body), with moving their legs to relieve this sensations. The symptoms ...
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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common chronic sensory motor disorder that prevents initiation and/or sleep staying. Patients with this syndrome have uncomfortable sensations in their legs (and sometimes arms or other parts of the body), with moving their legs to relieve this sensations. The symptoms of RLS are usually worse in the evening and at night. The diagnosis of RLS is primarily based on clinical evaluation and clinical history of the patient. International restless leg syndrome group study (IRLSSG) evaluates the symptoms and severity of RLS. RLS can be divided into two groups of primary and secondary. Iron deficiency, Parkinson’s disease, kidney failure, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and pregnancy may cause RLS. Antinausea, antipsychotic drugs, some antidepressants, and antihistamines may also worsen the symptoms. RLS is also observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which makes the outcomes worse. COPD is a main preventable health problem that can lead to morbidity and mortality. Thus, RLS in COPD causes excessive daytime hypersomnolence, fatigue, poor quality of life, disability and neuropsychological complications such as social isolation, frequent daytime headaches, anxiety and depression.
Maryam Emadzadeh; Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh; Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani; Reza Sahebi; Ramin Sadeghi; Gordon A. Ferns; Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Abstract
Objectives: Various fortification strategies have been proposed to account to treat or prevent vitamin D deficiency. However, the optimum fortification approach, and the effect of these on health is not widely understood. There have been controversial reports regarding the effect of vitamin D fortification ...
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Objectives: Various fortification strategies have been proposed to account to treat or prevent vitamin D deficiency. However, the optimum fortification approach, and the effect of these on health is not widely understood. There have been controversial reports regarding the effect of vitamin D fortification on the lipid profile. The aim of present review is the evaluation of administration of vitamin D fortified products on lipid profile.Methods: We used databases including PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane Library. A search was conducted until 2020 Randomized controlled trials that have assessed the relationship between consumption of vitamin D fortified products and serum lipid profile were included. The relationship between fortification dose, dairy or non-dairy fortification as well as duration of intervention and plasma lipid profiles evaluated in separate sub-groups.Results: Among serum lipids including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL) and high density lipoprotein(HDL), fortification of vitamin D was reported to have a significant effect on reducing total cholesterol (pooled estimate: -0.089 mmol/L, 95%CI: -0.134 to -0.044, p<0.001). Its effect on other lipid profiles were not significant (LDL pooled estimate:-0.115 mmol/L, 95%CI:-0.238 to 0.008; HDL pooled estimate:0.024 mmol/L, 95%CI:-0.024 to 0.071; TG pooled estimate:-0.176mmol/L, 95%CI:-0.499 to 0.148).Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D fortification could significantly reduce TC both in long and short term interventions and in different products. However this reduction, whilst statistically significant, may not be clinically important. The effect of fortification on other lipid profile components vary depending on dose and duration.
Paria Hebrani; Fatemeh Behdani; Hoda Jalayer
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. The medications which inhibit the reuptake of noradrenline and dopamine including psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine and non-stimulating pre-frontal cortex noradrenaline ...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood. The medications which inhibit the reuptake of noradrenline and dopamine including psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine and non-stimulating pre-frontal cortex noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor such as atomoxetine, are the standard treatment of ADHD. Adverse effects of stimulants have been reported in thirty percent of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. More than fifty percent of the parents of these children have tried one or more complementary or alternative medicines including vitamins in their children. Ginkgo biloba has been described to be effective for various neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was assumed that ginkgo biloba might improve some symptoms of attention deficit disorder as well. Nevertheless, no systematic study reported a possible efficacy of ginkgo biloba in attention deficit disorder. This review article evaluates the available evidence on the efficacy of ginkgo biloba medication in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children to present an appropriate guidance for this common child disorder.
kiarash ghazvini; Masoud Youssefi; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis is remained as global challenge which is considered as the top cause of human death in worldwide. The presence of lower respiratory tracts microflora can modulate immune response and play important role in susceptibility to TB. The aim of study was comparison ...
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Introduction: Tuberculosis is remained as global challenge which is considered as the top cause of human death in worldwide. The presence of lower respiratory tracts microflora can modulate immune response and play important role in susceptibility to TB. The aim of study was comparison of microbial diversity in lower respiratory tracts microflora of pulmonary tuberculosis patinas and healthy individuals. Methods: In this study, the raw sequences of SRR493275 and SRR493275 were retrieved from European Bioinformatics Institute online database. Then, the raw sequences were filtered by their quality (adapter contamination, low quality as well as low complexity reads) and taxonomic analyzed by online websites including Galaxy/CRS4 and KAIJU online servers. The statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the presence of significant microbial diversity between two groups. Results: We found that microbial taxa were similar between TB and normal except Tenericutes which supplemented in microflora of pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Moreover, the abundance of bacterial genera is significantly divers between TB and healthy groups. Conclusion: There is significant diversities in the lower respiratory tracts microflora of TB and controls. Increasing the abundance of anaerobic genera in TB patients may be suppressed immune response and essential for susceptibility to active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Zahra Amirian; Fatemeh Behmanesh; Elahe Heidari
Abstract
Recent studies have reported a relationship between vitamin D and atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, which is due to the recently discovered vitamin D receptors on many immune system cells. Among all atopic diseases, asthma has been studied the most in this regard. ...
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Recent studies have reported a relationship between vitamin D and atopic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, which is due to the recently discovered vitamin D receptors on many immune system cells. Among all atopic diseases, asthma has been studied the most in this regard. However, the role of vitamin D in other atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis is a matter of controversy. In this paper, we review the literature on the association between atopic diseases and vitamin D level with a focus on the childhood period. As of today, the role of vitamin D in atopic march is not clear and studies show controversial results. Therefore, further studies with adequate sample sizes and correction for perplexing factors are needed since this could be an innovative treatment in atopic children. It is also advisable to examine high-risk groups of children for vitamin D deficiency. According to the extracted data, vitamin D has a protecting effect against atopic diseases. At the same time, no evidence was found for such an association in some studies, thus, further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Mohamadreza Farzanehfar; Homeyra Ommati; Raheleh Jabini; Mahdi Zardadi
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the case of a young woman presenting with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting three month after intragastric balloon placement. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on clinical findings, laboratory data, and imaging results. During endoscopy, the balloon ...
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This study aimed to describe the case of a young woman presenting with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting three month after intragastric balloon placement. The patient was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on clinical findings, laboratory data, and imaging results. During endoscopy, the balloon was dislodged and obstructed in the second portion of the duodenum. After the removal of the balloon, all the symptoms of the patient were resolved, and she was discharged.
Kavian Ghandehari; Marjan Erfani; Elnaz Kiadarbandsari; Meysam Pourgholami
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this research was to systematically review all the randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on post-stroke dysphagia. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for relevant articles that were uploaded ...
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Introduction: The aim of this research was to systematically review all the randomized controlled trials that have evaluated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on post-stroke dysphagia. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for relevant articles that were uploaded from their inception to March 2015: PubMed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Scopus. All data was that was related to the location of the cerebrovascular accident (CVA), the parameters of tDCS, post-stroke time to commencement of tDCS, the stimulated hemisphere, stimulation dose, any outcome measurements, and follow-up duration were extracted and assessed. Finally, a number of observations were generated through a qualitative synthesis of the extracted data.Result: Three eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review. All three trials reported that, in comparison to a placebo, tDCS had a statistically significant effect on post-stroke dysphagia.Discussion: The results of our systematic review suggest that tDCS may represent a promising novel treatment for post-stroke dysphagia. However, to date, little is known about the optimal parameters of tDCS for relieving post-stroke dysphagia. Further studies are warranted to refine this promising intervention by exploring the optimal parameters of tDCS.Conclusion: Since brainstem swallowing centers have bilateral cortical innervations, measures that enhance cortical input and sensorimotor control of brainstem swallowing may facilitate recovery from dysphagia.
Mitra Ahadi; Negin Masoudifar; Mina Akbari Rad
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought unpredictable challenges to the whole world by causing Coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19). Although respiratory tract manifestations are the most commonly reported symptoms in COVID-19, early studies reported a low incidence of typical ...
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has brought unpredictable challenges to the whole world by causing Coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19). Although respiratory tract manifestations are the most commonly reported symptoms in COVID-19, early studies reported a low incidence of typical gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and even liver dysfunctions. However, The prevalence and prognosis of Gastrointestinal system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, remains mostly unknown in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to review the effects of COVID-19 on the GI system. Anorexia was the most frequent digestive symptom in adults (39.9%‐50.2%), and diarrhea was the most frequent symptom in both adults and children.Moreover, vomiting was more common in children. Approximately nine percent of adult patients showed vomiting. Almost 36% of children encounter vomiting; nausea is considered for 15% of children. Gastrointestinal bleeding was presented in more than ten percent of children, while abdominal pain was more frequent in severely ill patients.
Mohsen Mouhebati; Afsoon Fazlinejhad; Mona Yadollahi
Abstract
Coronary artery diseases affect both systolic and diastolic functions and can be assessed both globally and regionally. Tissue doppler imaging is a novel technique with additional advantages to the currently used two-dimensional echocardiography. This paper is a review of the published articles on documented ...
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Coronary artery diseases affect both systolic and diastolic functions and can be assessed both globally and regionally. Tissue doppler imaging is a novel technique with additional advantages to the currently used two-dimensional echocardiography. This paper is a review of the published articles on documented Coronary artery diseases patients confirmed by angiography, without any previous myocardial infarction and with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Accordingly, a significant relationship was achieved between systolic rather than diastolic parameters with Coronary artery diseases. Furthermore, major heterogeneity was noticed among the available studies in this respect.The incremental values of tissue doppler imaging in patients with stable angina in addition to other non invasive tests has led to its recommendation by ACC/AHA.
Mina Erfani; Farah Ashrafzadeh; javad Akhondian; Hamid Reza Rahimi; Mehran Beiraghi-Toosi; Hashem Lashgari-Kalat; Ehsan Alaei; Monica Zeynalzadeh
Abstract
Nearly 70 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Despite administration of routine antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), nearly 30% of seizures are resistant to treatment called drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Since the epilepsy treatment may result in consequences of multi-drugs administration or sometimes ...
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Nearly 70 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Despite administration of routine antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), nearly 30% of seizures are resistant to treatment called drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Since the epilepsy treatment may result in consequences of multi-drugs administration or sometimes invasive surgical methods in DRE, herbal treatment can be a good alternative choice due to its easy accessibility, lower cost and fewer side effects. Although turmeric has been one of a very commonly used dietary spices and traditional herbal remedies, its derivation as a newly introduced medicine-curcumin has not been used to a large extent. In this literature, we have reviewed the available trial researches, which studied specifically antiepileptic effect of curcumin. We searched databases of Science direct, PubMed and Google Scholar (2008 to 2016) with key words of turmeric, curcumin, Diferuloylmethane, Epilepsy, and Seizure to find the related references. The major extract of turmeric curcumin has found to have antiepileptic effect according to recent surveys. It not only has no critical adverse effect, but also can protect patients from other AEDs severe side effects. It also makes it possible to gradually decrease the dose of AEDs in long-term combination therapy.
Farideh Akhlaghi; Mahnaz Akhondzadeh
Abstract
Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus affects less than 1% of all pregnancies and is a significant cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. It is hypothesized that impaired placental function, in the form of abnormal placental weight and/or abnormal placental histology, may be responsible for this event in ...
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Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus affects less than 1% of all pregnancies and is a significant cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. It is hypothesized that impaired placental function, in the form of abnormal placental weight and/or abnormal placental histology, may be responsible for this event in such pregnancies. Delayed villous maturation of placental villi, which is one of the findings associated with pre-gestational diabetes increases the rate of perinatal mortality. There is limited literature regarding the delayed maturation of placental villous. This review included trials (randomized and non-randomized), cohort and case-control studies registered in Medline/PubMed database, from January 2001 to September 2012 that evaluated the clinical significance of delayed villous maturation and its prevalence in pre-gestational diabetic cases compared to normal pregnancies.It emphasizes that further studies with focus on possible clinical or ultrasound markers of placental delayed villous maturation, especially in a high risk-group such as women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus are highly recommended.
Massoud Hajia
Abstract
Today, molecular diagnostic methods have an unignorably position in diagnostic laboratories. It is estimated that 60-70% of all decisions depend on molecular detection methods. However, many Iranian physicians still do not fully trust the newly developed protocols in particular. If necessary, they request ...
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Today, molecular diagnostic methods have an unignorably position in diagnostic laboratories. It is estimated that 60-70% of all decisions depend on molecular detection methods. However, many Iranian physicians still do not fully trust the newly developed protocols in particular. If necessary, they request some confirmatory tests available to ensure a final decision.The purpose of this short study is to investigate the causes of uncertainty in these tests and current challenges in Iranian clinical centers. Therefore, all the effective cases from receiving the samples to publishing the patient reports are looked up. Significant parameters including pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical parameters are studied in this study. The reason for some of the current limitations is discussed based on released documents and reported periodic inspections according to published standard criteria. Based on the results, the need for fundamental revisions in some parts of the relevant bodies is clearly identified.
Niaz Mohammad Jafari Chokan; Hamidreza Reihani; Elham Pishbin
Abstract
Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common joint dislocation in human body. Many methods are traditionally described for reduction of shoulder dislocation. Most of these techniques are painful to patients and may be associated with further injury. An ideal method should be easy, effective, and ...
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Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common joint dislocation in human body. Many methods are traditionally described for reduction of shoulder dislocation. Most of these techniques are painful to patients and may be associated with further injury. An ideal method should be easy, effective, and less painful, not associated with iatrogenic complications and should be easy to teach and learn. Among different methods of reduction, external rotation and Milch methods are more popular. Both methods are found to be atraumatic, relatively painless and can be performed without anesthesia. In this article, we aimed to review the literatures regarding these two methods of reduction and comparing their success rate and outcome. We reviewed the literature to find articles related to reduction of anterior shoulder dislocations applying one of two techniques described above. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar. In total, 46 articles were found, of them 17 articles -which mainly focused on anterior shoulder dislocation reduction by means of two above methods-were included in this review. The results showed that both techniques were effective, safe, relatively painless, and were well tolerated with no complications, but the external rotation method was superior.
Ezzat Khodashenas; Alireza Ataei Nakhaei; Elahe Heidari
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to report a case of severe back pain following lumbar puncture (LP), which was associated with an accidental tether cord syndrome (TCS) in MRI. The patient was a 10-year-old boy that was hospitalized in the pediatric ward for severe headache and to rule out meningitis. First, ...
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The purpose of this study is to report a case of severe back pain following lumbar puncture (LP), which was associated with an accidental tether cord syndrome (TCS) in MRI. The patient was a 10-year-old boy that was hospitalized in the pediatric ward for severe headache and to rule out meningitis. First, LP was performed for him, but he suffered very severe back pain after LP. Lumbosacral MRI was performed to rule out collection or abscess formation, but the evidence of the TCS was accidentally found; however, it was too unexpected before. In the short term follow up, the symptoms of the patient were completely resolved by using analgesics. It was shown that his pain was as a result of LP. In general, although sometimes severe lower back pain after LP may be overwhelming, if neurologic examination were normal, it is important to assure parents that it would be resolved.
Fatemeh Farhangdoost
Abstract
Morphea is a skin disorder that leads to the sclerosis of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. In epidemiologic studies, the incidence rate of approximately 0.4 to 2.7 per 100,000 people has been reported that is equal in adults and children. Based on clinical findings of disease and presentations, morphea ...
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Morphea is a skin disorder that leads to the sclerosis of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. In epidemiologic studies, the incidence rate of approximately 0.4 to 2.7 per 100,000 people has been reported that is equal in adults and children. Based on clinical findings of disease and presentations, morphea disease has been divided into four major types including plaque-type, linear, generalized and a miscellaneous group with morphologically distinct phenotypes. Overall, plaque-type is the most common type of morphea. This disease is characterized by three main histopathologic features that include deposition of collagen in the dermis sometimes with extension to subcutis, vascular changes and an inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly in early lesions. Morphea is a multifactorial process that its main underlying cause is not completely known but the most common causes related to the genesis of morphea including trauma, radiation, medications, infection, autoimmunity and microchimerism. In this paper, we review the literature about the role of infection in the genesis of morphea.
Asad Andalibalshohada; Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaii; Farshid Abedi
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes 308000 deaths due to liver cancer and 758000 deaths due to cirrhosis every year. Almost 170 million people have HCV infection around the world. Information regarding this virus helps us to determine the prevalence of other hepatitis C genotypes in population, especially ...
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes 308000 deaths due to liver cancer and 758000 deaths due to cirrhosis every year. Almost 170 million people have HCV infection around the world. Information regarding this virus helps us to determine the prevalence of other hepatitis C genotypes in population, especially in intravenous drug users. It is assumed that some genotypes are more common in certain areas or groups of people. A recent study strongly confirms the central role of injecting network traits, not only as a transmission factor but also as a predictor of HCV genotype and phylogenetic determination in different communities. Hepatitis C genotypes and subtypes have different prevalence considering the country. Risk factors such as transfusion, hemodialysis, root of acquisition and etc, are detected in intravenous drug users. Several conducted studies have investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and predominance of HCV genotypes infection in different parts of Iran.
Mona Amini; Reza Boostani; Maryam Sahebari
Abstract
Primary systemic vasculitis in pre-capillary arteries is associated with peripheral neuropathy. In some types of systematic vasculitis about 60 % of patients have peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement. In vasculitic peripheral neuropathies (VPN) a necrotizing and inflammatory process leads to narrowing ...
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Primary systemic vasculitis in pre-capillary arteries is associated with peripheral neuropathy. In some types of systematic vasculitis about 60 % of patients have peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement. In vasculitic peripheral neuropathies (VPN) a necrotizing and inflammatory process leads to narrowing of vasa nervorum lumen and eventually the appearance of ischemic lesions in peripheral nerves. Some features might be suggestive of VPN, like: axonal nerve degeneration, wallerian-like degeneration, and diameter irregularity of nerve. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) destruction during systemic vasculitides should be considered, due to its frequency and early occurrence in vasculitis progression. The first line treatment of non systematic VPNs is corticosteroid agents, but these drugs might worsen the VPNs or systemic vasculitis.
Mohsen Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki; Mahdis Ghavidel; Hadi Farsiani; Kiarash Ghazvini
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic, gram-positive, and spore-forming Bacillus species. The most common form of anthrax infection is the cutaneous form. The infection usually develops several days after exposure to products of infected animals and manifest as black sore with severe swelling on the skin.A ...
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Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic, gram-positive, and spore-forming Bacillus species. The most common form of anthrax infection is the cutaneous form. The infection usually develops several days after exposure to products of infected animals and manifest as black sore with severe swelling on the skin.A 52-year-old female with a black and swollen lesion on her index finger presented to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, in October 2015. Biopsy and swab culture were performed immediately. Cutaneous anthrax was characterized by microscopic examination of B. anthracis spore using Gram staining. The patient was then treated with antibiotics after diagnosis.According to the reports of Provincial Health Center of Khorasan Razavi, northeast of Iran, no cases of anthrax have been reported in humans since 2013. There were neither occupational risk factors, nor any routine predisposing factors for acquiring anthrax in this woman. Although this patient is the first case reported with cutaneous anthrax since the past three years, two cases of sheep anthrax have been reported in Khorasan Razavi Province during 2013-2015. This patient had a history of contact with the skull of a slaughtered sheep. The patient was treated after making correct and rapid diagnosis and sufficient antibiotic therapy.
Azadeh Tafakori; Mohammad Gharavifard; Hamid Zamani
Abstract
There are various criteria that affect the efficacy of the procedural sedation strategies required for performing different processes in emergency departments. Selecting the most effective and the safest sedative with or without analgesic effect for every individual patients and intervention is one of ...
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There are various criteria that affect the efficacy of the procedural sedation strategies required for performing different processes in emergency departments. Selecting the most effective and the safest sedative with or without analgesic effect for every individual patients and intervention is one of the main parts of the each emergency department practices. Based on previous studies, various sedative agents have been proposed, which have different benefits and adverse effects including propofol, ketamine, etomidate etc. Different side effects of administrating each drug, alone or in combination with each other, have been proposed such as vomiting, respiratory depression, hypoxia, hypotension and cardiac arrest. In this study we aimed to briefly review the properties of applied sedatives in different studies and also mention few related clinical trials with proper blinding, which were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the sedative in procedural sedation.
Aliakbar Saber Moghaddam; Mahdi Hashemi; Ramin Daneshvar
Abstract
Introduction: Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be influenced by several factors including corneal thickness, gender, refractive error, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we systematically reviewed published literature to find association between variations of IOP due to strabismus ...
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Introduction: Intraocular pressure (IOP) can be influenced by several factors including corneal thickness, gender, refractive error, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we systematically reviewed published literature to find association between variations of IOP due to strabismus surgery.Method: PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched with the following search terms: (intraocular pressure OR IOP) AND (strabismus) for the articles in which the fluctuation of IOP before and after strabismus surgery had been evaluated. All types of articles including case series, cross-sectional, clinical trials, and cohort studies with no time limitation were included in this study. Systematically searches, selection of articles, and the extraction of data were performed by two reviewers independently.Result: 1617 out of 1674 articles were excluded due to duplication or irrelevancy. After step by step process of article selection, 57 relevant articles were included for further evaluation. However, only 8 articles met the inclusion criteria.Conclusions: The results of this report showed that IOP may vary due to strabismus surgery, and it decreases after the surgery.