Alireza Sedaghat; Amene Raouf-Rahmati; Katayoun Samadi; Farida Daneshvar Mozaffari; Ahmad Nemati; Benyamin Fazli
Abstract
Introduction: Currently, humankind is facing a COVID-19 pandemic that has spread worldwide. This is the first study conducted during the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mashhad, Iran, to describe the clinical, therapeutic, and laboratory findings of survivor and non-survivor patients with COVID-19.Methods: ...
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Introduction: Currently, humankind is facing a COVID-19 pandemic that has spread worldwide. This is the first study conducted during the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Mashhad, Iran, to describe the clinical, therapeutic, and laboratory findings of survivor and non-survivor patients with COVID-19.Methods: This retrospective study included a total of 191 confirmed COVID-19 patients aged ≥18 who were admitted to an intensive care unit in the northeast of Iran in 2020. Clinical, therapeutic, and laboratory findings were recruited. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) through the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-Square test, independent sample t-test, as well as a single variable and multivariable logistic regression.Results: Out of a total of 191 hospitalized patients, 137 (71.7%) survived and 54 (28.2%) expired. The mean age of non-survived patients was 17 years higher than that of survived patients (P<0.0001). Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary and pulmonary diseases were significantly related to mortality (OR: 3, 2.8, 21.4, and 5.4, respectively; P<0.05). Respiratory rate >24/min, heart rate>125/min, platelet count <100*109/L, creatinine >133 μmol/L, LDH >245 U/L, WBC count >10*109/L, lymphocyte count <0.8*109/L and D-dimer >1 μg/mL were frequently observed in non-survivor patients (P<0.05). Most of the patients had an abnormality on chest radiographs, and bilateral pulmonary infiltration was the dominant chest radiograph abnormality in these patients. Moreover, consolidation and ground-glass opacification were observed more frequently in non-survived patients (P<0.05). More than 57% of severe cases required non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation before they died, while it was 1% in survived cases (P<0.05).Conclusion: Older age, previous comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary and pulmonary diseases, lymphopenia, leukocytosis, increased respiratory rate, creatinine, LDH, and D-dimer levels were related to a poor prognosis and mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Shameem Ahmad; Anil Kuldeep; Ravi Kant Nirala; Vaibhav Gambhir; Aliya Arshad
Abstract
Intramedullary nailing is a standard technique for the treatment of long bone fractures. This technique requires the use of on-table image intensifier in almost every step, of which the most important are guide-wire insertion and distal locking. Therefore, a c-arm is an important tool for closed intramedullary ...
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Intramedullary nailing is a standard technique for the treatment of long bone fractures. This technique requires the use of on-table image intensifier in almost every step, of which the most important are guide-wire insertion and distal locking. Therefore, a c-arm is an important tool for closed intramedullary nailing. However, if a technique can be done without the use of a c-arm, intramedullary nailing could be done in setups with deficient resources and in poor countries. Thus, we developed the “nail-over-nail” technique, which can be done without using a c-arm for distal locking of the nail.
Samaneh Sabouri; Mohsen Foroughipour; Elaheh Emadi; Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari
Abstract
Introduction: In multiple sclerosis (MS), oxidative stress (OS) performs a vital role in the neurodegeneration process. Cholesterol and lipids in the myelin sheath supplied by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are also vital for nerve cells. In OS, lipid peroxidation occurs in LDL. Objective: To investigate ...
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Introduction: In multiple sclerosis (MS), oxidative stress (OS) performs a vital role in the neurodegeneration process. Cholesterol and lipids in the myelin sheath supplied by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are also vital for nerve cells. In OS, lipid peroxidation occurs in LDL. Objective: To investigate the OS biomarker such as prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), malondialdehyde (MDA) and their correlation with LDL and oxidized LDL (Oxi-LDL) in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.Methods: Blood samples from 18 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 18 healthy subjects were collected to measure the OS biomarkers.Results: In the patients' group in comparison to the control group: PAB, white blood cells (WBC), and neutrophils significantly increased (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the relapsing and remitting phase; MDA significantly increased in the relapsing phase (P=0.013), but marginally significant in remitting (P=0.068). There was no significant difference in LDL and Oxi-LDL between the two groups. Only the lymphocytes were different between the relapse and remission phases. Conclusion: The importance of OS in the process of MS disease was confirmed and a PAB assay can be used for the determination of OS levels.
Soheila Pourmasumi; Parvin Sabeti
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the level of ROS and antioxidants. Sperm membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are very sensitive to increased free radicals. Increasing the level of ROS can lead to an increase in lipid peroxidation in sperm membrane, decrease in their flexibility, ...
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Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the level of ROS and antioxidants. Sperm membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are very sensitive to increased free radicals. Increasing the level of ROS can lead to an increase in lipid peroxidation in sperm membrane, decrease in their flexibility, and ultimately a decrease in sperm motility. Also, oxidative stress may impair sperm axonemal and mitochondrial function, as well as DNA integrity, RNA and protein synthesis. Several studies have shown that antioxidants are beneficial to human health and are used to prevent cancer and coronary artery disease. Based on the present review, there are more documents in protective effects of antioxidants on sperm cells. Studies showed adding in vitro antioxidants to sperm samples can increase sperm parameters such as sperm motility, morphology and decrease sperm membrane lipid peroxidation and sperm DNA damage. Also in vivo or oral antioxidants supplementation has protective effects on sperm from ROS negative effects. Since the causes of infertility are various, the lack of antioxidants action in reducing the sperm DNA damage, the level of antioxidant activity depends on the type, dose and duration of intake, so more studies are needed to determine the appropriate antioxidant type, the dosage and timing of administration in vivo and in vitro.
Sahar Ravanshad; Zahra Fahimian; Parsa Shoghi; Ali Moradi; Valareza Alizadeh; Negar Javdan; Hassan Mehrad-Majd
Abstract
Introduction: Studying the survival factors of leukemia patients can lead to a reduction in healthcare costs. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and potential predictive factors in leukemia patients in northeast Iran.Methods: Baseline demographic and clinical data of patients referred to ...
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Introduction: Studying the survival factors of leukemia patients can lead to a reduction in healthcare costs. This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate and potential predictive factors in leukemia patients in northeast Iran.Methods: Baseline demographic and clinical data of patients referred to Ghaem Hospital between 2014 and 2019 were extracted from their medical records. The survival rates were determined by gathering information from phone calls or archived files.Results: This cohort study consisted of 302 patients with a mean age of 41.09±19.09 years. Among them, 127 (43.3%) had acute lymphoid leukemia, while 166 (56.7%) had myeloid leukemia. The mean overall survival time for all patients was 50.81 months. However, the mean overall survival time for patients with lymphoid leukemia (61.7 months) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that for patients with myeloid leukemia (41.1 months). Moreover, lymphoid patients had significantly higher one-month and one-year survival rates (93% and 72.8%) than the myeloid group (81% and 53.7%) (P=0.002 and P=0.001). However, significant difference did not exist in the five-year survival rate between the lymphoid and myeloid groups (26.2% vs 18.2%, P=0.174). Cox regression analysis indicated that patient survival was correlated with the type of leukemia (1.45, 95%CI=1.10-8.92, P=0.011), age, hemoglobin levels, as well as WBC, RBC, neutrophil, and platelet count.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that patients with lymphoid leukemia exhibited a higher survival rate than those with myeloid leukemia. Survival outcomes were dependent on patient’s age, leukemia type, and levels of WBC, RBC, neutrophil, platelet, and hemoglobin levels.
Behnaz Hatami; Omid Shoraka; Asef Younesi; Gelayol Bavafa; Melika Zamanian; Niloofar Nikpasand; Amirhossein Mohammadzade; Sara Naghizadeh Kashani; Anoush Azarfar; Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome in children following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has similar symptoms to Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. The most prevalent symptoms in MIS-C patients are fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, ...
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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome in children following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has similar symptoms to Kawasaki disease or toxic shock syndrome. The most prevalent symptoms in MIS-C patients are fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, with substantial cardiac complications. Cardiac involvement is frequently reported in MIS-C patients and includes arrhythmia, coronary artery aneurysm and dilation, conduction abnormalities, and ventricular dysfunction. Cardiogenic or vasodilatory shock may develop in patients with severe MIS-C, necessitating inotropic support, fluid resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Empirical therapies have attempted to reverse the inflammatory response, and steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin have all been commonly used. Most children will survive with prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment, but since the disease's outcomes are unclear, long-term follow-ups are necessary. This narrative review summarizes the available studies regarding cardiac involvement in MIS-C cases as well as clinical considerations for cardiac examination and follow-up.
Mohammad Safarian; Majid Hajifaraji; Monireh Dahri; Naseh Pahlavani; Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani; Alireza Farsad Naeimi; Anahita Houshiar Rad
Abstract
Introduction: Epidemiologic studies have shown a discrepancy between overweight and puberty processes. This cross-sectional study was aimed to clarify these associations in the Iranian girl population.Methods: A total of 1300 girls aged 11-15 years were randomly selected from Mashhad, in the northeast ...
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Introduction: Epidemiologic studies have shown a discrepancy between overweight and puberty processes. This cross-sectional study was aimed to clarify these associations in the Iranian girl population.Methods: A total of 1300 girls aged 11-15 years were randomly selected from Mashhad, in the northeast of Iran, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The demographic data were collected and weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were measured, then Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip ratio were calculated. Overweight and obesity were defined based on WHO reference data. Central obesity was defined as ≥90th percentile of WC. Linear regression an unconditional binary logistic regression were performed to investigate the association between sociodemographic parameters and age at menarche in months, puberty categories, and menarche age groups (<12 vs. ≥12 years) respectively.Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and abdominal fat distribution were 11.5%, 10.3%, and 10.5% respectively. Menarche was experienced by 63% of subjects at the mean age of 12.24±0.98 years. Regression tests revealed that the odds of menarche occurrence at the age of 12 or more was significantly lower in girls with higher BMI (OR: 0.31, 95%CI: 0.22-0.43) than their leaner counterparts (P< 0.001).Conclusion: The findings suggest that being overweight or obese is a possible predictor of experiencing menarche at a younger age.
Reza Ibrahimi; Shadab Sahraian; AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf; Mahnaz mozdorian
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly growing health concern claiming over 6 million lives as of April 2022. Some evidence revealed that pregnancy increases the risk of severe illness with Coronavirus infection. COVID-19 also complicates the pregnancy results such as the number of cesarean ...
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly growing health concern claiming over 6 million lives as of April 2022. Some evidence revealed that pregnancy increases the risk of severe illness with Coronavirus infection. COVID-19 also complicates the pregnancy results such as the number of cesarean deliveries and premature births. Mitral stenosis is a structural heart disease that endangers the patient and their newborn, accompanied by serious morbidity and mortality. The present patient, 40 years old gravida 2 para 1 at 37 weeks presented to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea following fever and malaise for a week. SARS-CoV-2 testing was positive ergo appropriate treatment was administered. CT scan showed severe COVID-19 pneumonia with a severity index of 23. Due to respiratory distress, the patient was readily admitted to the intensive care unit. The patient was supported with non-invasive ventilation. Nevertheless, NIV was insufficient with signs of respiratory fatigue so the patient was intubated. Despite the subsidence of fever and stable clinical condition patient remained tachycardic which promoted us to perform echocardiography revealing severe mitral stenosis. This report contains our experience and suggestions regarding this rare concurrence. The paucity of data is significant regarding the management of concurrent structural heart disease and COVID-19 in pregnancy. It should be emphasized that the importance of maintaining routine care and screening during the pandemic; which can be catastrophic if missed.
Abolghasem Allahyari; Benyamin Hoseini; Mahnaz Mozdorian; Mohammad Khajedaluee; Mandana Khodashahi
Abstract
The potency of health systems to effectively respond to crises varies between high- and low-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges for hospitals worldwide. In this context, the resilience of health systems and the capacity of health institutions and populations play ...
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The potency of health systems to effectively respond to crises varies between high- and low-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented numerous challenges for hospitals worldwide. In this context, the resilience of health systems and the capacity of health institutions and populations play a key role in mounting an effective response to crises.We gathered data on the condition and resilience of health systems in the two main hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, during three peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results highlighted the fact that health systems officials and managers need to consider the consequences of COVID-19, such as the need for more beds and trained healthcare workers. Hospitals should take into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across all wards and departments and prioritize the well-being of healthcare workers since they are at the forefront of the fight against this pandemic.
Hosain aqa Hosaini
Abstract
Introduction: Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses affecting mammals and birds. The first case of coronavirus in Afghanistan was recorded on February 24, 2020 in a 35-year-old male from Herat who had recently traveled to Iran. The clinical characteristics of elderly and young patients with ...
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Introduction: Coronaviruses are a large family of RNA viruses affecting mammals and birds. The first case of coronavirus in Afghanistan was recorded on February 24, 2020 in a 35-year-old male from Herat who had recently traveled to Iran. The clinical characteristics of elderly and young patients with COVID-19 that affects the respiratory tract may be different. This study reviewed and compared the clinical characteristics of young and elderly patients who were affected by the 2019 novel coronavirus in a COVID-19 hospital in the Herat province of Afghanistan.Methods: Clinical data of patients were collected from a COVID-19 hospital in Herat province of Afghanistan. The clinical characteristics of elderly patients were compared with young and middle-aged patients.Results: The study consisted of 52 patients that included 35 elderly patients (67.30%) and 17 young and middle-aged patients (32.69%). The universal symptoms in the two groups were fever followed by cough and sore throat accompanied by fatigue. The CURB-65 score for the elderly group was 3 (0-6) and for the young and middle-aged group it was 2 (0-7). The CURB-65 score of the young subgroup was lower than that of the middle-aged subgroup of patients (P<0.001). The involvement of multiple lobes in the young and middle-aged group was lower than that of the elderly group (P<0.05). There was no difference in single lobe involvement between the two groups. Old age and having underlying diseases (diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) puts people at higher risk of COVID-19.Conclusion:Clinical characteristics between the young and elderly patients affected by the 2019 novel coronavirus in COVID-19 may be different, and this knowledge is crucial in diagnosis, treatment, and methods of control.
Nasim Zamani; Saeed Ghahremani; Parsa Yousefzadeh; Mitra Rahimi
Abstract
Introduction: paraquat is a cheap and easy access herbicide which its intoxication is limited in Iran. The current study aims to provide some epidemiologic data within paraquat poisoning from the most crowded referral center of clinical toxicology in Iran.Methods: We investigated the paraquat poisoning ...
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Introduction: paraquat is a cheap and easy access herbicide which its intoxication is limited in Iran. The current study aims to provide some epidemiologic data within paraquat poisoning from the most crowded referral center of clinical toxicology in Iran.Methods: We investigated the paraquat poisoning patients who were admitted to Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2016.Results: A total of 12 patients participated in this study, 50% of these patients were between 10-20 years old, 41.7% were between 26-40 years old, and 8.3% were above 55 years old. About 83.3% were male, and 16.7% were female. Treatments which were given in the hospital include cyclophosphamide (58.3%), cortisol (75%), vitamin C (50%), vitamin E (83.3%), N-acetyl cysteine (83.3%). 66.6 percent of hospitalized patients required invasive measures to preserve their airways, with 3.33 percent undergoing tracheostomy and the same percentage undergoing intubation. There were five fatalities among the patients, three of which were related to pulmonary and renal failure.Conclusions: This study indicates that the majority are younger than 40 years and males. Prevention and limited access to this substance is necessary in terms of the lack of antidote.
Koosha Rokhzadi; Mohammad Bakhtiar Hesam Shariati; Kaveh Haji-Allahverdipoor; Susan Mohammadi
Abstract
Hydatid cyst, a common ailment affecting both humans and animals, has the potential to develop in various anatomical locations, with the liver and lungs being the primary sites of occurrence. Individuals in endemic regions, particularly those involved in livestock farming, face an increased risk of exposure ...
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Hydatid cyst, a common ailment affecting both humans and animals, has the potential to develop in various anatomical locations, with the liver and lungs being the primary sites of occurrence. Individuals in endemic regions, particularly those involved in livestock farming, face an increased risk of exposure to this parasitic disease. The cysts can concurrently manifest in multiple areas of the body, highlighting the intricate nature of their presentation. Despite often being asymptomatic, early detection of hydatid cysts is crucial for effective intervention. Diagnostic tools such as ultrasound, CT scans, and serological tests play a pivotal role in identifying these cysts, even without overt symptoms. The insidious progression of hydatid cysts allows them to persist asymptomatically over prolonged periods, posing a latent threat. However, the rupture of these cysts, whether spontaneous or triggered by external factors, can result in severe consequences, potentially leading to fatality. This study reports a compelling case involving a 41-year-old woman investigating the causes of infertility. Through comprehensive examinations, multiple hydatid cysts were serendipitously discovered in her liver, spleen, and kidneys. This case underscores the diverse anatomical locations these cysts can occupy and emphasizes the significance of vigilant diagnostic approaches, even in individuals initially presenting with unrelated concerns such as infertility.
Afshan Shirkavand; Zahra Razaghi; Sharam Akhlaghpoor; Azita Azarkeivan; Mehran Karimi
Abstract
Introduction: Multi-organ iron load is prevalent crucial side effect in thalassemic patients due to repeated transfusions, and high intestinal iron absorption. MRI T2* has demonstrated its potency as a non-invasive technique for the imaging of hemosiderosis in thalassemia. We aim to investigate the iron ...
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Introduction: Multi-organ iron load is prevalent crucial side effect in thalassemic patients due to repeated transfusions, and high intestinal iron absorption. MRI T2* has demonstrated its potency as a non-invasive technique for the imaging of hemosiderosis in thalassemia. We aim to investigate the iron load of adrenal glands and kidneys using MRI T2* in adult thalassemia patients and evaluate the serum ferritin correlation of with kidneys, heart, liver, and adrenal glands’ iron load.Methods: Thirty-five thalassemia major (TM) and thalassemia intermediate (TI) patients (age range 18-50 years) from Zafar thalassemia Clinic, were recruited in this survey from September 2019 to October 2020. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to map iron overload in several organs’ regions of interest (ROIs) using fast-gradient-echo multi echo T2*sequences protocol. T-test and chi-square analysis were done.Results: Nine (25.7%) patients had left Kidney T2* less than 36ms which could indicate abnormal renal iron load while this was 8 (22.9%) for the right kidney. In the left and right adrenal glands, these numbers were 31 (88.6%) and 29 (82.9%), respectively, below the normal threshold.Conclusion: Adrenal gland and renal iron overloads were detected in MRI images of thalassemic patients. Correlation for serum ferritin levels and kidney and adrenal glands T2* was found weakly negative. Non-invasive monitoring of the internal organs’ hemosiderosis using MRI T2* was found to be beneficial for iron-chelating optimization and preventing irreversible tissue damage.
Ashraf Mohammadzadeh; Ezzat Khodashenas; Ahmad Shah Farhat; Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan; Ali Jafarzadeh Esfehani; Mehdi Sohrabi; Aradokht Vaezi
Abstract
Introduction: Zinc has a key role in reproductive physiology, immune modulation, growth, and development. To determine the effect of zinc supplements on the anthropometry of healthy 6-yearold children.Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 40 children 6-7 years old. ...
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Introduction: Zinc has a key role in reproductive physiology, immune modulation, growth, and development. To determine the effect of zinc supplements on the anthropometry of healthy 6-yearold children.Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 40 children 6-7 years old. The intervention group (n=20) received 20mg of oral zinc sulfate syrup and the control group (n=20) received a placebo daily in the same buttle and same test for 6 months duration of study. Serum zinc levels and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, head circumference, and arm circumference) were measured before and after intervention. Zinc deficiency was defined as serum zinc level < 9.9 μmol/l.Results: Serum zinc level did not differ between the two groups (P=0.86). Zinc supplementation resulted in a significant increase in height (P= 0.008).Conclusion: This study showed that zinc supplements have a significant increase in the length of male 6-year-old children.
Khadijeh Alizadeh Feremi; Lale Alipoor; Ravanbakhsh Esmaeili
Abstract
Introduction:Sleep is one of the most important human needs affected by many factors. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and delayed sleep, are very common and can affect the quality and quantity of sleep. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of melatonin treatment ...
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Introduction:Sleep is one of the most important human needs affected by many factors. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and delayed sleep, are very common and can affect the quality and quantity of sleep. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality.
Methods:The data on the effect of melatonin on sleep were collected using seven English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, ProQuest, and Science Direct, as well as six Persian databases, including Iran Medex, SID, IRANDOC, Magiran, MEDLIB, and Noormags, from their inception up to the end of January 2020. English language, randomized clinical trials, human samples, and age of higher than 18 years were the main eligibility criteria. Nonrandomized clinical trials or those without a control group were excluded from the present study.
Results: Seven articles met the eligibility criteria for being included in this review. In the aforementioned studies, the effect of melatonin therapy on sleep quality was assessed in 343 subjects. The majority (86%) of the studies confirmed the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality.
Conclusion: Melatonin as an orally administered drug had beneficial effects on sleep quality. These effects of melatonin attributed to more efficient healthier sleep, deeper sleep, longer sleep duration without causing fatigue and early morning drowsiness, and faster sleeping. One of the limitations of the present study was considered reviewing articles without the consideration of the medical conditions of the subjects. Moreover, the type of sleep disorder was not investigated in this review.
Maryam Salehian; Nahid Maleki-Saghooni; Fatemeh Zahra karimi
Abstract
Introduction:Child abuse is a global problem that is deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and economic performance of society. It is a behavior that occurs in various forms of physical, mental, emotional, or sexual, which can cause harm to the health, welfare, and education of the child. The present ...
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Introduction:Child abuse is a global problem that is deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and economic performance of society. It is a behavior that occurs in various forms of physical, mental, emotional, or sexual, which can cause harm to the health, welfare, and education of the child. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of child abuse and its related factors in Iran.Methods:In the present systematic review study, to find articles related to the prevalence of child abuse in Iran, valid databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar was were searched using the keywords of “child abuse”, “physical abuse” “emotional abuse”,” neglect”, “prevalence” and “Iran”.Results: In this study, 22 articles were analyzed. Based on this review about 4.5%-58.2% of children reported physical abuse, 7.3%-91.6% emotional abuse, and 5.5%-85.3% neglect. Factors associated with child abuse were hyperactivity anxiety and mental status disorder. All studies showed a significant relationship of abuses with education, occupation, addiction, and divorce of parents. Moreover, depression and anxiety of parents and poor parental relationships were related to abuse of children. Conclusion: Child abuse has many negative effects on childish and adolescent health. It seems that child abuse in Iran is in critical condition; therefore, policymakers must take action to solve this problem and prevent it by designing special programs and effective policies in Iran.
Kobra Salimiyan rizi; Hadi Farsiani; Mohammad Momen Ghalibaf
Abstract
Today, human bloodstream infections (BSIs) are recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bacteria, responsible for bacteremia, are usually identified in diagnostic clinical laboratories, using blood cultures. True bacteremia is defined as a positive blood culture (>15 CFU/mL), ...
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Today, human bloodstream infections (BSIs) are recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bacteria, responsible for bacteremia, are usually identified in diagnostic clinical laboratories, using blood cultures. True bacteremia is defined as a positive blood culture (>15 CFU/mL), with signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., fever and chills). A wide range of bacteria can cause true bacteremia and some bacterial isolates from BSIs may be responsible for contamination. Gram-positive bacilli, such as Bacillus species, and coryneform bacteria are suspected sources of contamination in blood cultures. However, in certain patients, such as immunocompromised patients and intravenous drug users, gram-positive bacilli can act as a true pathogen. Therefore, it is important to know when gram positive bacilli act as a true pathogen and when they act as contamination. So, the rapidly diagnosis of true pathogens and appropriate treatment play a very important role in controlling infection with these bacteria. Effective measures are especially important in patients with an underlying disease or an immunocompromised status. In this article, we reviewed the literature on common Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which were isolated from blood cultures and were suspected to be true pathogens or contaminants.
Mohaddeseh Sadat Moghaddam; Niyusha Torabzadeh Khorasani; Reza Assaran Darban; Hamid reza Rahimi
Abstract
Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus ...
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Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus was known due to the human SARS-CoV virus, which infected 8,000 people and caused 800 deaths in southeast Asia and Canada. It should be mentioned that in 2012, another coronavirus, called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, infected Saudi Arabia and 27 other countries. The SARS-CoV2 belongs to a family of viruses called Coronaviruses that can infect bats, birds, pigs, cows, and different mammals. Some plant extracts are shown to inhibit microorganism replication and may be utilized in medication to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases, one of which is chamomile. chamomile medicinal plant, that has 120 biologically active compounds, the most necessary of which are flavonoids, like apigenin and luteolin, that are shown to possess antiviral activity.
Saeedeh Talebi; Payam Sharifan; Andisheh Norouzian Ostad; Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati; AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf; Mehdi Barati; Malihe Aghasizadeh; Sahar ghoflchi; Hamideh Ghazizadeh; Niloofar Shabani; Gordon A. Ferns; Hamid Reza Rahimi; majid Ghayour
Abstract
Introduction: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), as widely used as a medicinal herb and is brewed beverages, and has been used for the treatment of several conditions. The evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies suggests that chamomile and its many flavonoid components have anti-oxidant ...
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Introduction: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), as widely used as a medicinal herb and is brewed beverages, and has been used for the treatment of several conditions. The evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies suggests that chamomile and its many flavonoid components have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review aimed to provide an overview of the chemical constituents of chamomile and the effectiveness of the chamomile preparations and several of its constituents for the treatment of several medical conditions. Methods: The present comprehensive review study was conducted by searching electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase, and PubMed, using relevant keywords. Results: Both animal and human studies indicate the positive effects of chamomile on the antioxidant enzyme activity. However, the mechanisms involved in the action of chamomile against the production of ROS remain still unknown. When it comes to its anti-inflammatory properties, a number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations have been reported regarding to the selective inhibition of COX-2, suppression of NO production, prevention of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα-induced NO levels, reduction of iNOS mRNA and protein expression, impediment of leukocyte adhesion and adhesion protein up-regulation in human endothelial cells, and blockage of IL-1 α-induced prostaglandin production, TNF-α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release. Conclusions: Current studies suggest that chamomile and its flavonoid components have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. On the basis of the existing evidences, chamomile appears to ameliorate several diseases caused by oxidative stress as well as inflammatory reactions.
Ali Abdul Hussein AL-Janabi; Ruaa Kadhim Mohammed Jawad
Abstract
A variety of Candida spp. as the most common fungi in the human body can normally be found in the vagina competing with other microbotes. Their presence is influenced by a variety of conditions in the vaginal environment. The proliferation of Candida spp. in the vagina under specific conditions can result ...
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A variety of Candida spp. as the most common fungi in the human body can normally be found in the vagina competing with other microbotes. Their presence is influenced by a variety of conditions in the vaginal environment. The proliferation of Candida spp. in the vagina under specific conditions can result in a fungal disease known as vaginal candidiasis. More than 17 species of Candida out of 200 members of this genus are capable of causing diseases within the human body. Estrogen, along with other steroidal hormones, has been shown to have direct multifunctional effects on various pathogenic microorganisms by numerous activities. Its production as well as other factors such as disturbance of microbial balance and immune activity may alter the vaginal physical environment and promote the development of vaginal fungal infection. The vaginal functions can be affected by the level of circulation of estrogens in the blood according to the stage of the menstrual cycle in women. It also has many other functional actions on the vaginal structure. Estrogen and several other factors play an important role in determining the vaginal content of Candida species. Its effect could be a direct action on the cells of Candida or through an indirect effect on the immunity defenses of the vagina.
Anjani Kumar Srivastava; Anjali Singh; Basavaraj S Mannapur; ANUJ SINGH
Abstract
Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it associated with infant mortality. LBW affects newborns’ survival and is a global concern especially for developing countries. It is the most common health indicator for assessing neonates’ health ...
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Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it associated with infant mortality. LBW affects newborns’ survival and is a global concern especially for developing countries. It is the most common health indicator for assessing neonates’ health conditions. In terms of short and long term consequences, LBW plays an important role in inferring infant and childhood morbidities such as mental retardation, learning disabilities, inhibited growth and cognitive delays and so on.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of LBW babies and determine the socio-demographic factors associated with LBW. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among postnatal mothers with singleton live born baby in a rural area of North Karnataka, India from January 2016 to December 2016. Based on the sample size, data was collected from 337 participants. The study Participants comprised of postnatal mothers with single live born baby. Weight of the newborn was recorded. Chi square test was used to find the association. Results: The prevalence of LBW was found to be 21.1%. A number of factors like teenage pregnancy, occupation, type of family, etc. were found to be significantly associated with low birth weight.Conclusion: Although the prevalence of LBW is lower than some of the studies done earlier in other parts of the country, but it are still more than national average of 18.6%. Thus there is a need to encourage the utilization of health services to ensure 100% antenatal care (ANC) registration and institutional deliveries.
Masoud Youssefi; Golsa Teimouri; Farnaz Zahedi Avval; kiarash ghazvini; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect to their age and gender, included in the study as the control group. After that, the serum levels of sST2 and IL33 were measured by ELISA sandwich method using commercial Quantikine Human ELISA kit (R&D Systems). The data were finally analyzed by SPSS software. IL-33 levels in the TB group were higher than the healthy controls and a statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 levels between the two groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, IL-33R (ST2) was slightly increased in the TB patients compared to the healthy controls, although statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.083). Regarding the high normal variation of sST2 and the limitations of the present study, it is recommended that future studies of sST2 be performed in with higher number of TB patients.
Hesaneh Izadyar; Mitra Ahadi; Ahmad Khosravi Khorashad; Hassan Saadatnia; Hasan Vosoghinia; Mohamadreza Farzanehfar; Ali Beheshti Namdar; Elham Mokhtari Amirmajdi; Sahar Khorasani; Hamid Reza Akbari; Foad Faroughi Bojd
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of trend and use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients referring to the Gastroenterology clinics in Mashhad. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed at Gastroenterology clinics affiliated with ...
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Introduction: The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of trend and use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients referring to the Gastroenterology clinics in Mashhad. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed at Gastroenterology clinics affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The study began in December 2015 and ended in March 2017. The study subjects (n=751) were randomly selected from patients referring to Gastroenterology clinics in the city of Mashhad. Patients responded to the questions through interviews. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-16 statistical software.Results: This study was conducted on 751 patients referring to gastroenterologists; of whom, 274 (48.36%) were male and 476 (38.63) were female. According to the results, the most popular complementary and alternative medicine treatments were respectively herbal medicine, cupping therapy and acupuncture. A significant difference was observed in the means at is faction with complementary and alternative medicine between those who believed in it and those who did not (p=0.001); but, no significant difference was detected in mean satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between patients with different occupations (p=0.193). There was also a significant difference in the number of patients between the group of patients receiving chemical medication and the group of patients receiving complementary and alternative medicine therapies (p=0.005). No significant difference was found in the level of satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between participants referring to the Gastroenterology clinics for different causes (p=0.431); nonetheless, the highest satisfaction was observed in patients with malignancy, and the lowest satisfaction was detected in patients with esophageal disorders.Conclusion: This study indicated the high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine in Iran. The worldwide popularity of complementary and alternative medicine should not be overlooked, therefore; current medical treatment systems need to be revised and modified
Ziya Asan
Abstract
Introduction: A correlation cannot be established between clinical findings and hematoma thickness in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases. The effects of hematoma on intracranial structures can be evaluated as a grading criterion. This study aims to establish a grading system by establishing a correlation ...
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Introduction: A correlation cannot be established between clinical findings and hematoma thickness in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases. The effects of hematoma on intracranial structures can be evaluated as a grading criterion. This study aims to establish a grading system by establishing a correlation between the compression effects of hematoma and clinical conditions in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases.Methods: The radiological and clinical findings of the cases diagnosed with Chronic Subdural Hematoma were recorded. Headache, dizziness, focal neurological deficit, and reduction in Glasgow Coma Scale scores were recorded as clinical criteria. Radiologically, a 4-grade grading system was prepared. Hematoma without compression effect, dural compression and sulcus effacement, parenchymal compression, and midline shift of more than 5 mm were used in the grading system, respectively. The clinical symptoms and signs within each grade were recorded.Results: Computed Tomography examinations and clinical findings of 414 cases were recorded. It has been noted that as the grade increases, the clinical symptoms and signs increase along with the increase in hematoma thickness. However, it has been noted that an absolute correlation cannot always be established between hematoma thickness and clinical symptoms.Conclusion: The grading system is instructive in showing the effects of hematoma on intracranial structures rather than hematoma thickness in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases. Complete drainage of hematoma is rare in surgically treated cases. Clinical improvement is associated with optimal intracranial dynamics rather than hematoma thickness. The grading system is instructive regarding clinical and radiological follow-up of the cases.
Alireza Sedaghat; Benyamin Fazli; arash peivandi; Farzaneh Fazeli; Bita Mirzaie Feyzabadi
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe burns by measuring the plasma base excess and serum lactate levels and comparing it with the ABSI scoring system as an important indicator in the resuscitation of burn patients.Methods: This prospective cohort ...
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Background and Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe burns by measuring the plasma base excess and serum lactate levels and comparing it with the ABSI scoring system as an important indicator in the resuscitation of burn patients.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on all patients hospitalized in the burn ward of the hospital. The demographic data and ABSI scoring of all patients were recorded. Patients' clinical information and routine tests, gasometry (for measuring plasma base excess) and serum lactate levels were measured at the time of admission, 12 hours, and 24 hours after admission.Results: A total of 311 burning patients were evaluated in this study. Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean plasma BE1 (at the time of admission) and BE2 (24 hours after admission) between the patients who were discharged and the patients who died (P <0.001). The results indicated a difference in the process of lactate changes between two groups of patients in terms of intensity of ABSI(P <0.001). The multivariate logistic regression with the entry of BE and lactate at the time of admission and ABSI as predictive variables indicated a significant BE and ABSI.Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the plasma base excess can be used as a valuable tool in the monitoring of burn patients' resuscitation along with clinical criteria. On the other hand, the ABSI scoring system is still a valuable tool to predict the deaths of burn patients.