Yasamin Daoudi; Leila Ameri; Bita Dadpour
Abstract
Heroin has physical effects on many parts of the body, for example, respiratory and digestive system, muscles, and nervous system. Neurologic complications include brain abscess, neuropathy, transverse myelitis, and leukoencephalopathy.Magnetic resonance image is more sensitive in detecting lesions with ...
Read More
Heroin has physical effects on many parts of the body, for example, respiratory and digestive system, muscles, and nervous system. Neurologic complications include brain abscess, neuropathy, transverse myelitis, and leukoencephalopathy.Magnetic resonance image is more sensitive in detecting lesions with low signal on T1W and high signal on T2W, and FLAIR images in the white matter and other areas of brain. Imaging findings are similar to other leukoencephalopathies (hereditary diseases, abnormal metabolic diseases, and intoxications).In the course of finding ways to differentiate heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy from other leukoencephalopathies, attention has been changed to diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in recent years.Nevertheless, studies do not verify that diffusion-weighted image is a valuable tool in establishing the diagnosis.
Seyed Mousalreza Hoseini; Abbas Esmaeelzadeh; Masoumeh Salari; Bita Dadpour; Khadijeh Yekta Roudi; Mohammad Yekta Roudi; Zahra Javid Arabshahi
Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most common and important complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Several risk factors play a role in the formation and progression of pancreatitis. These risk factors may be related to the patient, procedure or operator. All of these risk factors should ...
Read More
Pancreatitis is the most common and important complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Several risk factors play a role in the formation and progression of pancreatitis. These risk factors may be related to the patient, procedure or operator. All of these risk factors should be considered and should be lowered as far as possible with attention to pathogenesis of the development of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The pathogenesis include sphincter spasm, infection, contrast toxicity and pancreatic secretion that induce the activation of proteolytic enzymes and inflammatory processes. Some methods and pharmacologic agents assessed for the prevention of pathway in the pathogenesis to decrease post-ERCP pancreatitis.