Original article
fatemeh farkahi
Abstract
AbstractThis research was aimed at studying the stress, anxiety, and depression epidemiology among highschoolers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample included 605 students (341 males & 264 females) coming from various grades of high school ranging in age from 14 to 19. To fulfill the objectives of the study, ...
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AbstractThis research was aimed at studying the stress, anxiety, and depression epidemiology among highschoolers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample included 605 students (341 males & 264 females) coming from various grades of high school ranging in age from 14 to 19. To fulfill the objectives of the study, three instruments (scales) were employed including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Cattell Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Children Depression Scale (CDS-A). Since the PSS and CDS-A had no norm in Iran, they were then normed revealing reliability of 0.76 for PSS through Spearmen-Brown split half while it was 0.77 through Cronbach’s alpha. Similarly, the reliability for CDS-A was 0.9 and 0.89, respectively. In addition, the validity of the tests proved to be significant at p<0.001 once the correlation of each item with the whole test was obtained. Besides, factor analysis was conducted and examining the items which had the highest loadings on each item indicated that the items of the two tests were completely reliable. The epidemiology results indicated that the stress prevalence was 9.1% among the boys and 22% among the girls while it was 14.7% in the whole sample. This implies that the EBtela rate in girls was two and half times greater that the boys.
Original article
Ziya Asan
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of cases who had a history of spine trauma and were being followed up for a diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelia and to discuss the existing theories in the literature and the vortex effect in pathogenesis.
Methods: ...
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of cases who had a history of spine trauma and were being followed up for a diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelia and to discuss the existing theories in the literature and the vortex effect in pathogenesis.
Methods: Records of 44 patients who had a history of high-energy spinal trauma and diagnosed post-traumatic syringomyelia after their follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Cases were evaluated under two groups based on the type of trauma those affected by axial forces and those affected by vertical forces. Results from spinal MRI scans of the cases were recorded. Pathogenesis was aimed to be revealed by uncovering the relationship of trauma type with syringomyelia localization and size.
Results: The mean age was 39.8; 26 cases were male, and 18 were female. 10 (58.8%) cases presented cervical, 4 (23.5%) cervicothoracic, and 3 (17.6%) thoracic syringomyelias due to axial trauma. 6 (22.2%) cases presented cervical, 4 (14.8%) cases cervicothoracic, and 17 (62.9%) thoracic syringomyelias due to vertical forces. Segmental asymmetries were frequently encountered among their neurological findings.
Conclusion: Syringomyelias appeared most frequently in the cervical and cervicothoracic junction due to the vertebral column being affected by axial forces, whereas in the case of vertical forces, it appeared most frequently in the thoracic segments. When considered along with the mechanisms of syringomyelia development, the appearance of syringomyelias can be explained by a vortex effect inside the central canal.
Original article
Alireza Sedaghat; Benyamin Fazli; arash peivandi; Farzaneh Fazeli; Bita Mirzaie Feyzabadi
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe burns by measuring the plasma base excess and serum lactate levels and comparing it with the ABSI scoring system as an important indicator in the resuscitation of burn patients.Methods: This prospective cohort ...
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Background and Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with severe burns by measuring the plasma base excess and serum lactate levels and comparing it with the ABSI scoring system as an important indicator in the resuscitation of burn patients.Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed on all patients hospitalized in the burn ward of the hospital. The demographic data and ABSI scoring of all patients were recorded. Patients' clinical information and routine tests, gasometry (for measuring plasma base excess) and serum lactate levels were measured at the time of admission, 12 hours, and 24 hours after admission.Results: A total of 311 burning patients were evaluated in this study. Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in the mean plasma BE1 (at the time of admission) and BE2 (24 hours after admission) between the patients who were discharged and the patients who died (P <0.001). The results indicated a difference in the process of lactate changes between two groups of patients in terms of intensity of ABSI(P <0.001). The multivariate logistic regression with the entry of BE and lactate at the time of admission and ABSI as predictive variables indicated a significant BE and ABSI.Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that the plasma base excess can be used as a valuable tool in the monitoring of burn patients' resuscitation along with clinical criteria. On the other hand, the ABSI scoring system is still a valuable tool to predict the deaths of burn patients.
Original article
Alireza Sedaghat; Farzaneh Fazeli; Ali Ahmadabadi; Seyed Hassan Tavousi; Bita Mirzaie Feyzabadi; Mahmood Khorsand; Benyamin Fazli
Abstract
Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, but potentially life-threatening reactions to medications. Both conditions have significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to document the epidemiological features, aetiologies, treatment and clinical ...
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Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, but potentially life-threatening reactions to medications. Both conditions have significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to document the epidemiological features, aetiologies, treatment and clinical outcomes of such patients.Method: In this retrospective cross-sectional study the records of all patients with TEN treated for5 years in central Hospital, Mashhad, Iran were reviewed. Results: Thirty-four patients were studied with a mean age of 26.5 years. Mean age in the mortality and survivors groups was 33.6 and 25.3 years, respectively. Drugs accounted for all 34 cases were including Anti-convulsants (52.9%) other the most common implicated drug followed by antibiotics (26.5%), allopurinol (5.9%) and multiple drugs (anticonvulsants plus antibiotics) (14.7%). Antibiotics had the shortest interval between ingestion time and onset of symptoms. The mean ICU length of stay was 12.7 days, with a range of 1 to 30 days. The mean of SCORTEN was 2.3; it was 3.3 and 2.1 in the mortality and survivors group, respectively (P=0.001).All 34 TEN cases were given intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). Six patients with TEN died (17.6%). The highest mortality was found in the allopurinol group with 50%, whereas anticonvulsants and antibiotics had a mortality rate of 16.6% and 15.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Anti-convulsants especially Lamotrigine were the most frequently implicated drug, followed by antibiotics and allopurinol. IVIG was shown beneficial effects in TEN syndrome.
Original article
Ziya Asan
Abstract
Introduction: A correlation cannot be established between clinical findings and hematoma thickness in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases. The effects of hematoma on intracranial structures can be evaluated as a grading criterion. This study aims to establish a grading system by establishing a correlation ...
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Introduction: A correlation cannot be established between clinical findings and hematoma thickness in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases. The effects of hematoma on intracranial structures can be evaluated as a grading criterion. This study aims to establish a grading system by establishing a correlation between the compression effects of hematoma and clinical conditions in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases.Methods: The radiological and clinical findings of the cases diagnosed with Chronic Subdural Hematoma were recorded. Headache, dizziness, focal neurological deficit, and reduction in Glasgow Coma Scale scores were recorded as clinical criteria. Radiologically, a 4-grade grading system was prepared. Hematoma without compression effect, dural compression and sulcus effacement, parenchymal compression, and midline shift of more than 5 mm were used in the grading system, respectively. The clinical symptoms and signs within each grade were recorded.Results: Computed Tomography examinations and clinical findings of 414 cases were recorded. It has been noted that as the grade increases, the clinical symptoms and signs increase along with the increase in hematoma thickness. However, it has been noted that an absolute correlation cannot always be established between hematoma thickness and clinical symptoms.Conclusion: The grading system is instructive in showing the effects of hematoma on intracranial structures rather than hematoma thickness in Chronic Subdural Hematoma cases. Complete drainage of hematoma is rare in surgically treated cases. Clinical improvement is associated with optimal intracranial dynamics rather than hematoma thickness. The grading system is instructive regarding clinical and radiological follow-up of the cases.
Original article
Anjani Kumar Srivastava; Anjali Singh; Basavaraj S Mannapur; ANUJ SINGH
Abstract
Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it associated with infant mortality. LBW affects newborns’ survival and is a global concern especially for developing countries. It is the most common health indicator for assessing neonates’ health ...
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Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a challenging multifaceted public health problem as it associated with infant mortality. LBW affects newborns’ survival and is a global concern especially for developing countries. It is the most common health indicator for assessing neonates’ health conditions. In terms of short and long term consequences, LBW plays an important role in inferring infant and childhood morbidities such as mental retardation, learning disabilities, inhibited growth and cognitive delays and so on.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of LBW babies and determine the socio-demographic factors associated with LBW. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among postnatal mothers with singleton live born baby in a rural area of North Karnataka, India from January 2016 to December 2016. Based on the sample size, data was collected from 337 participants. The study Participants comprised of postnatal mothers with single live born baby. Weight of the newborn was recorded. Chi square test was used to find the association. Results: The prevalence of LBW was found to be 21.1%. A number of factors like teenage pregnancy, occupation, type of family, etc. were found to be significantly associated with low birth weight.Conclusion: Although the prevalence of LBW is lower than some of the studies done earlier in other parts of the country, but it are still more than national average of 18.6%. Thus there is a need to encourage the utilization of health services to ensure 100% antenatal care (ANC) registration and institutional deliveries.
Original article
Reza Zare; Narges Ghazi; Farnaz Mohajertehran; Narges Asfiaee; Pendar Argani; Negar Khodaeni; Salehe Akhondian
Abstract
Background and aim: Oral lichen planus treatment offers favorable clinical results over time due to its widespread prevalence. However, to date, there is still no theoretical agreement on the cause of this disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of human papillomavirus ...
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Background and aim: Oral lichen planus treatment offers favorable clinical results over time due to its widespread prevalence. However, to date, there is still no theoretical agreement on the cause of this disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral lichen planus (OLP) tissue samples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out from 1387 to 1398 on 40 OLP samples (24non-erosive-atrophic and 16 erosive-atrophic forms) in the Oral pathology Department of Mashhad Dental School. PCR was undertaken to identify HPV-DNA. Subsequently, the samples for HPV-DNA underwent PCR analysis again with the specific primers. The data were analyzed statistically by chi-square and independent t-test test regarding the significance level of lower than 0.05. Results: The population consisted of 29 women (72.5%) and 11 men (27.5%) with an average age of 49.48± 2.78 years. HPV-DNA in none of the studied samples was detected by PCR. Gender distribution in the studied groups was not significantly different from each other, as the groups did not differ significantly in average age. Conclusion: No HPV-positive samples were observed in OLP samples based on the recent findings in the current study of the Iranian population. Nevertheless, the patient’s demographic data were not meaningfully associated. More sample sizes with a control group and a complete medical history should be recruited in further studies. Using complementary methods to approve the PCR method can help further studies to demonstrate accurate results.
Meta- analysis
Maryam Emadzadeh; Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh; Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani; Reza Sahebi; Ramin Sadeghi; Gordon A. Ferns; Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Abstract
Objectives: Various fortification strategies have been proposed to account to treat or prevent vitamin D deficiency. However, the optimum fortification approach, and the effect of these on health is not widely understood. There have been controversial reports regarding the effect of vitamin D fortification ...
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Objectives: Various fortification strategies have been proposed to account to treat or prevent vitamin D deficiency. However, the optimum fortification approach, and the effect of these on health is not widely understood. There have been controversial reports regarding the effect of vitamin D fortification on the lipid profile. The aim of present review is the evaluation of administration of vitamin D fortified products on lipid profile.Methods: We used databases including PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane Library. A search was conducted until 2020 Randomized controlled trials that have assessed the relationship between consumption of vitamin D fortified products and serum lipid profile were included. The relationship between fortification dose, dairy or non-dairy fortification as well as duration of intervention and plasma lipid profiles evaluated in separate sub-groups.Results: Among serum lipids including total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL) and high density lipoprotein(HDL), fortification of vitamin D was reported to have a significant effect on reducing total cholesterol (pooled estimate: -0.089 mmol/L, 95%CI: -0.134 to -0.044, p<0.001). Its effect on other lipid profiles were not significant (LDL pooled estimate:-0.115 mmol/L, 95%CI:-0.238 to 0.008; HDL pooled estimate:0.024 mmol/L, 95%CI:-0.024 to 0.071; TG pooled estimate:-0.176mmol/L, 95%CI:-0.499 to 0.148).Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that vitamin D fortification could significantly reduce TC both in long and short term interventions and in different products. However this reduction, whilst statistically significant, may not be clinically important. The effect of fortification on other lipid profile components vary depending on dose and duration.
Original article
Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi Javaheri; Hamidreza Kianifar; Pegah Rahbarinejad; Saeedeh Talebi
Abstract
Introduction:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Children with ASD are at risk of nutritional problems that could impact growth and anthropometric indices over ...
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Introduction:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. Children with ASD are at risk of nutritional problems that could impact growth and anthropometric indices over both the short and long term. The aim of present study was to determine prevalence of malnutrition and other factors related to the malnutrition among children and adolescent with autism disorder.Material and method:To assess the prevalence of malnutrition indicators among preschool children with ASD, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 81 children and adolescents who referred to subspecialized and specialized Autism Akbar Children‘s Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Weight and height measurements were assessed based on standard protocols. The z-score of anthropometric indices was determined for all participants. Participants were asked about nutritional problems by the interview from their parents. Result:In the current study, the mean ± SD of age was 10.1±3.7 years old. Among participants 3.7% were with Diarrhea, 33.3% with Constipation, 4.9% with Reflux, 3.7% with Flatulence, and 1.2% with Steatorrhea. The prevalence of both of food neophobia and food Allergy was 16%. Furthermore, 18.5% had poor appetite, 23.5% had moderate and 58% had good appetite. Based on standardized z-scores, the overall prevalence of under-weight, risk of overweight, overweight, and obese was 1.2%, 22.2%, 12.3%, and 7.4%, respectively. Among participants 4.9% was stunting.Conclusion:Based on aforementioned prevalence, improving nutritional problems and anthropometric indices among ASD children and adolescents are crucial issue.
Review
Saeedeh Talebi; Payam Sharifan; Andisheh Norouzian Ostad; Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati; AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf; Mehdi Barati; Malihe Aghasizadeh; Sahar ghoflchi; Hamideh Ghazizadeh; Niloofar Shabani; Gordon A. Ferns; Hamid Reza Rahimi; majid Ghayour
Abstract
Introduction: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), as widely used as a medicinal herb and is brewed beverages, and has been used for the treatment of several conditions. The evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies suggests that chamomile and its many flavonoid components have anti-oxidant ...
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Introduction: Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), as widely used as a medicinal herb and is brewed beverages, and has been used for the treatment of several conditions. The evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies suggests that chamomile and its many flavonoid components have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review aimed to provide an overview of the chemical constituents of chamomile and the effectiveness of the chamomile preparations and several of its constituents for the treatment of several medical conditions. Methods: The present comprehensive review study was conducted by searching electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Sciences, Embase, and PubMed, using relevant keywords. Results: Both animal and human studies indicate the positive effects of chamomile on the antioxidant enzyme activity. However, the mechanisms involved in the action of chamomile against the production of ROS remain still unknown. When it comes to its anti-inflammatory properties, a number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations have been reported regarding to the selective inhibition of COX-2, suppression of NO production, prevention of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα-induced NO levels, reduction of iNOS mRNA and protein expression, impediment of leukocyte adhesion and adhesion protein up-regulation in human endothelial cells, and blockage of IL-1 α-induced prostaglandin production, TNF-α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release. Conclusions: Current studies suggest that chamomile and its flavonoid components have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. On the basis of the existing evidences, chamomile appears to ameliorate several diseases caused by oxidative stress as well as inflammatory reactions.
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