Mitra Ahadi; Sina Fazel Hashemi; Farima Farsi; Zahra Mazloum khorasani; Vahid Reza Dabbagh Kakhki; Negar Morovatdar
Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has increased in recent decades. The incidence of osteoporosis in the population with IBD is higher than in the normal population. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine the risk factors associated with decreased bone mineral ...
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Objective: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has increased in recent decades. The incidence of osteoporosis in the population with IBD is higher than in the normal population. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine the risk factors associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) among these patients.Methods and Materials: Patients with IBD completed a questionnaire including demographic data, drug history, underlying disease (past medical history), and family history, then their bone density was measured with a DEXA device. Also, laboratory samples were prepared. Densitometry results were placed in three groups: normal, osteoporotic, and osteopenia. All of the data was analyzed by SPSS version 23 software.Results: This study was conducted on 63 patients (58 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 5 patients with Crohn's disease (CD)). The bone density was normal in 40 patients, 16 had osteopenia and 7 had osteoporosis. There was a significant relationship between bone density and age (P < 0.001), smoking (P=0.049), past medical history (P< 0.001), extraintestinal involvement (P=0.008), duration (P=0.023) and menopause (P=0.002). Also, the amount of use of corticosteroid drugs (P=0.014), the level of calcium (P=0.017), and vitamin D (P< 0.001) in the blood had a significant relationship with bone density.Conclusion: In our study, we showed that age, smoking status, underlying conditions, extraintestinal involvement, corticosteroid use, levels of vitamin D and calcium, and menopause are risk factors for an increased risk for decreased BMD in IBD patients.
Forough Rakhshanizadeh; alireza khadembashi; Elahe Heidari; Negar Morovatdar; Atefeh Soltanifar
Abstract
Introduction:Child abuse and neglect is a public health challenge with lifelong consequences for survivors. Physicians’ knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and timely referral to legal authorities. This study aimed to determine pediatric residents’ ...
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Introduction:Child abuse and neglect is a public health challenge with lifelong consequences for survivors. Physicians’ knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and timely referral to legal authorities. This study aimed to determine pediatric residents’ and pediatricians’ knowledge and attitude regarding child abuse and neglect.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pediatric residents› and pediatricians› knowledge and attitude regarding child abuse and neglect were measured using a standard questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. In this questionnaire, knowledge score ranged from 0 to 17, and attitude score ranged from 10 to 50. After collecting the questionnaires and calculating the scores, the information was entered into the SPSS software (version 22), and statistical analysis was performed.Results: A total of 80 participants, including 38 pediatric residents and 42 pediatricians, participated in this research. Among them, 71.3% were female, and 28.8% were male. The mean score of knowledge and attitude in all participants was 14.05 ± 1.88 out of 17 and 41.39 ± 4.36 out of 50, respectively. The mean score in the pediatric residents and pediatricians was 13.42 ± 2.02. and 14.62 ± 1.57 for knowledge and 40.66 ± 4.32 and 42.05 ± 4.35 for attitude, respectively. Regarding knowledge, 19 participants (23.8%) had a good score, 35 (43.8%) had a moderate score, and 26 (32.5%) had a poor score (p=0.24). There was a significant difference in terms of knowledge score among four academic groups (first-year resident, second-year resident, third-year resident, and pediatrician) (p=0.031), as the score wassignificantly higher in pediatricians than in residents (p=0.004). However, no significant difference was observed for attitude score (p=0.056). In general, and regarding all participants, no significant relationship was observed between attitude score and knowledge score (p=0.059).Conclusion: Most pediatric residents and pediatricians participating in the present study had moderate knowledge and attitude toward child abuse and neglect, and less than a quarter of the participants had good knowledge in this regard. Also, the pediatricians had significantly higher knowledge scores than the pediatric residents. These results emphasize the importance of more education for pediatric residents regarding child abuse and neglect and continuing education programs for pediatricians.