Mandana Kashaki; Ladan Younesi; Marjan Esmaeili; Hasan Otoukesh; Mohammad Esmaeili
Abstract
Introduction: Ultrasonographic assessment of the kidney size in newborns is essential to the diagnosis of renal diseases during the neonatal period. According to the literature, altered renal dimensions may lead to changes in the kidney echotexture in certain renal pathologies. This systematic review ...
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Introduction: Ultrasonographic assessment of the kidney size in newborns is essential to the diagnosis of renal diseases during the neonatal period. According to the literature, altered renal dimensions may lead to changes in the kidney echotexture in certain renal pathologies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the renal dimensions in premature and term neonates.Methods: This systematic review was conducted to identify the English articles on the renal dimensions of children and premature/term neonates via searching in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. In total, 74 studies were retrieved from the electronic databases. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 10 articles that were in line with the study objectives were selected in full text and evaluated.Result: The studies on the renal dimensions of newborns had been performed on various populations. Some studies had compared kidney diameters with the body weight and length of the neonates within the first days of birth, while some others had compared the gestational age of neonates with their kidney size. However, no conclusive results were proposed. In addition, several studies were found on kidney size during the fetal period and childhood, while limited investigation was available regarding the neonatal period. In the present study, we analyzed the correlations between the renal dimensions of neonates and their gestational age, length, weight, and body surface area by reviewing the current literature.Conclusion: Although renal volume is considered to be the most precise index of the kidney size, renal length is evidently the most practical indicator of renal dimensions, which is correlated with the anthropometric indices and gestational age of neonates.
Anoush Azarfar; Mohammad Esmaeili; Nayere Tousi; Mitra Naseri; Fatemeh Ghane; Yalda Ravanshad; Anahita Alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and ...
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Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases on December 7, 2014 and reference lists of systematic reviews and randomized, controlled trials. Among the initial 282 articles found by our search strategy and hand searching, we found eight English-language studies were eligible for our study.Result: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial in nephrolithiasis prevention through increasing urinary magnesium, citrate, and calcium while declining urinary oxalate. In pediatric patients, the results were more prominent and could decline urinary oxalate up to 90% of the baseline.Conclusions: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial, especially with potassium-citrate combination. However, due to the low number of well-designed randomized controlled trials, especially in pediatrics, the conclusions of this study need further confirmation.
Anoush Azarfar; Yalda Ravanshad; Mohammad Esmaeili; Fatemeh Ghane Sharbaf; Mitra Naseri; Fahime Noferesti
Abstract
Introduction:Pyelonephritis is known as kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection which should be diagnosed and treated promptly. In this article, we decided to systematically review the diagnostic value and reliability of evaluating urine excretion low molecular weight protein alpha-1-microglobulin ...
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Introduction:Pyelonephritis is known as kidney inflammation due to bacterial infection which should be diagnosed and treated promptly. In this article, we decided to systematically review the diagnostic value and reliability of evaluating urine excretion low molecular weight protein alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M). Methods: PubMed and Scopus were searched for the relevant articles about the efficacy of urine alpha-1-micriglobulin assays in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children. The search strategy was microglobulin AND pyelonephritis. No language and date limitations were included in this review. Results: A total of 16 articles were retrieved from PubMed and 23 articles from Scopus. After studying the abstracts, only 5 articles were selected, which specifically studied the efficacy of alpha-1-micrglobulin in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis in children.Discussion: A1M is not an acute phase protein but its concentration alters in several clinical conditions. Conclusion: Evaluating the urine concentration of A1M is a noninvasive and cost effective strategy with the diagnostic capability for urinary tract disorders such as early recognition of tubular damages during pyelonephritis.