Nasrin Moazzen; Fatemeh Shahrahmani; Yalda Ravanshad; anoush azarfar
Abstract
Background: Concern over male infertility has grown, with over half of infertility cases linked to male causes. The effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones on sperm DNA fragmentation has been investigated. This mini-review evaluates literature on the correlation ...
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Background: Concern over male infertility has grown, with over half of infertility cases linked to male causes. The effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from mobile phones on sperm DNA fragmentation has been investigated. This mini-review evaluates literature on the correlation between RF-EMR and sperm DNA fragmentation.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed databases up to July 2020. MeSH terms related to DNA fragmentation, sperm, mobile phones, radiofrequency, and related synonyms identified relevant studies. Nine studies were selected, and their methodologies examined.Results: The studies reviewed presented diverse findings on the correlation between RF-EMR from mobile phones and sperm DNA fragmentation. Of the nine investigations—five in vitro and four in vivo—all in vivo studies found significant DNA fragmentation in men who used their phones extensively, especially when carried in pants pockets. Three of the five in vitro tests showed a substantial effect, while the other two found no significant change between exposed and unexposed samples.Conclusion: Although more studies reported decreased sperm quality with prolonged and intense RF-EMR exposure, the evidence regarding DNA fragmentation remains inconclusive. With the widespread use of mobile phones, it is critical to further investigate their potential impact on male fertility and reproductive health. Existing evidence underscores the need for continued research in this area.
Milad Ashrafizadeh; Zahra Ahmadi
Abstract
Introduction: Today, smoking has become a common habit, and researchers have largely been concerned with the adverse health effects of smoking. Some approaches have been proposed to minimize these effects. Nicotine is an alkaloid, which is considered to be a detrimental agent in smokers. The present ...
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Introduction: Today, smoking has become a common habit, and researchers have largely been concerned with the adverse health effects of smoking. Some approaches have been proposed to minimize these effects. Nicotine is an alkaloid, which is considered to be a detrimental agent in smokers. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of astaxanthin against the adverse effects of nicotine.Methods: In this study, 42 BALB/c male mice were purchased from Mashhad University in Mashhad, Iran and randomly divided into six groups. Group one received one milliliter of normal saline daily, group two received nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), group three was administered with astaxanthin (25 mg/kg), group four also received astaxanthin (50 mg/kg), group five was administered with astaxanthin (25 mg/kg) and nicotine (1.5 mg/kg), and group 6 was administered with astaxanthin (50 mg/kg) and nicotine (1.5 mg/kg). After the experiments, the epididymis was collected, and the motility, viability, and count of the sperms were evaluated.Results: Nicotine at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg decreased the count, viability, and motility of sperm. In contrast, astaxanthin at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg was observed to diminish the destructive effects of nicotine.Conclusion: According to the results, astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant for the protection of the reproductive system against nicotine-induced toxicity.