Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis is a usual procedure in the context of GI cancer surgeries. Performing an anastomosis may be complicated by infection, bleeding, anastomotic stricture, and anastomotic leakage. Anastomosis leakage is one of the devastating complications after performing an anastomosis ...
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Gastrointestinal (GI) anastomosis is a usual procedure in the context of GI cancer surgeries. Performing an anastomosis may be complicated by infection, bleeding, anastomotic stricture, and anastomotic leakage. Anastomosis leakage is one of the devastating complications after performing an anastomosis which can be associated with several preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors. Gender, body mass index, chemoradiotherapy, and underlying disease are preoperative risk factors for anastomosis leakage. In addition, surgical technique, operation time, tumor characteristics, blood loss, and blood transfusion are intraoperative risk factors. Diverting stoma and intestinal microbiota are assumed as post-operative risk factors for anastomosis leakage. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to describe risk factors of anastomosis leakage, especially blood transfusion. Blood transfusion can affect anastomotic healing by interfering with microcirculation, anastomotic healing phases, and the inflammatory phase of anastomosis healing. Compromised microcirculation caused by transfusion is one of the possible mechanisms for the failure of the anastomoses.
Mohammad Reza Safdari
Abstract
Introduction: This exhaustive literature review aimed to find articles in relation to blood loss prevention in TKA via searching in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar during 2005-2015.Methods: In this study, we included all the articles focusing on the evaluation of blood loss during TKA using ...
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Introduction: This exhaustive literature review aimed to find articles in relation to blood loss prevention in TKA via searching in databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar during 2005-2015.Methods: In this study, we included all the articles focusing on the evaluation of blood loss during TKA using specific treatment methods to reduce blood loss. We explored the studies with control groups and placebo subjects, and other studies were excluded from this review. The obtained results of each surveyed articles were summarized and evaluated based on the objectives of this study.Results: In total, 68 studies performed on 8,355 patients were included in this review, 18 of which were double-blinded, and 40 were open-label. A significant difference was observed in the transfusion thresholds of all the reviewed studies. According to our findings, frequency of prophylactic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) varied in the reviewed studies due to the use of different techniques to prevent blood loss after TKA; the incidence of DVT was reported in 15 articles.Conclusion: Since ABT involves high risks and even morbidity, new techniques should be applied to prevent blood loss. Although several techniques are available to reduce blood loss in TKA, ABT is frequently practiced and might lead to anemia in TKA patients. On the other hand, the effectiveness of new methods used to prevent blood loss remains a matter of question since all these methods are associated with certain adverse side effects.
Mohammad Esmaeelzadeh; Shahram Amini
Abstract
Serious bleeding in cardiac surgery leads to re-exploration, blood transfusion and increases the risks of mortality and morbidity. Using the lysine analogous of antifibrionlytic agents are the preferred strategy to suppress the need for transfusion procedures and blood products. Although tranexamic acid ...
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Serious bleeding in cardiac surgery leads to re-exploration, blood transfusion and increases the risks of mortality and morbidity. Using the lysine analogous of antifibrionlytic agents are the preferred strategy to suppress the need for transfusion procedures and blood products. Although tranexamic acid has been very influential in reducing the transfusion requirement after operation, tranexamic acid induced seizures is one of the common side effects of this drug. Due to inhibiting the fibrinolysis, thrombotic events are other possible side effects of using tranexamic acid. There are no certain results regarding decreasing the mortality rate by using the drug but it is identified that tranexamic acid does not increase the mortality. In this article, we aimed to review the literature on using tranexamic acid in cardiac surgeries.