Farinaz Noorbakhsh; Mahdieh Vahedi; Hayedeh Pazhand Birjandi
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves a combination of anatomical and biochemical abnormalities. Type 2 diabetes exhibits a genetic predisposition, while type 1 diabetes has an idiopathic, autoimmune background. Dentists can ...
Read More
AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves a combination of anatomical and biochemical abnormalities. Type 2 diabetes exhibits a genetic predisposition, while type 1 diabetes has an idiopathic, autoimmune background. Dentists can play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and identification of uncontrolled diabetes. Chronic inflammation and infections in the oral cavity can significantly impact disease management. Therefore, any dental lesions or gingival alterations, including periodontitis, must be treated promptly. After taking a thorough medical and dental history of suspicious cases, appropriate diagnostic tests should be conducted, or the patient should be referred to a physician. Early diagnosis of diabetes is instrumental in preventing both acute and chronic complications. Additionally, patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing severe illness if infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The aim of this article is to share the latest information about the two types of diabetes and to highlight how dentists can contribute to their management.Method and Materials: This article provides a compact overview of relevant articles and books published from 2014 to 2024.Conclusion: Dentists play a vital role in the early diagnosis of diabetes and in identifying uncontrolled or poorly controlled cases. Close cooperation between healthcare providers and dentists is essential for effective diabetes management. This collaboration was particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ashraf Mohammadzadeh; Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan; Ahmad Shah Farhat; Azin Vaezi
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a multifactorial disease that genetic and environmental factors affect insulin sensitivity. This study was designed with consideration towards the importance of micronutrients in carbohydrate metabolism.Methods: The present case-control study was performed on 100 ...
Read More
Introduction: Gestational diabetes is a multifactorial disease that genetic and environmental factors affect insulin sensitivity. This study was designed with consideration towards the importance of micronutrients in carbohydrate metabolism.Methods: The present case-control study was performed on 100 pregnant women referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Fifty pregnant women with gestational diabetes as defined by the American Diabetes Association guideline were considered as the case group and 50 non-diabetic pregnant women formed the control group. Maternal demographic information was recorded in the checklist . Serum levels of zinc, copper, selenium and chromium were measured in both groups. After data collection, they were processed with spss16 software.Results:The mean age of diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant mothers was 32.33 ± 5.92 and 26.32 ± 5.38 years respectively, and their mean weight was 82.87 ± 10.81 kg in the case and 73.18 ± 10.6 kg in the control group. Maternal weight and age in the gestational diabetes group were significantly higher. (both p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives; history of formula fed mothers during infancy, gravid > 3 ,and low gestational age were all more common in women with gestational diabetes (p < 0.05). In contrast to chromium, serum levels of zinc, copper and selenium were higher in the group with gestational diabetes.Conclusion: No significant relation was observed between serum zinc, copper, chromium and selenium levels with gestational diabetes.
Zahra Ameri Golestan; Nasrin Moghadas Sharif; Nasser Shoeibi; Asieh Ehsaei; Alireza Eslampour; Maryam Kadkhoda; Javad Heravian Shandiz
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of phacoemulsification on macular thickness and volume in diabetic patients without retinopathy using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: This prospective study included 37 diabetics and 55 non-diabetic patients (n=92) with cataract who ...
Read More
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the effect of phacoemulsification on macular thickness and volume in diabetic patients without retinopathy using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: This prospective study included 37 diabetics and 55 non-diabetic patients (n=92) with cataract who were scheduled for phacoemulsification. The participants were entered into the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria following a complete eye examination. Macular thickness and volume were measured preoperatively as well as one month postoperatively using the OCT (Spectralis; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).Results: The present study analyzed 76 eyes of 76 patients with immature cataract. No significant differences were observed between diabetic and non-diabetic groups in terms of thickness and volume in the macular area. However, the results showed a significant increase in both groups regarding the thickness and volume after phacoemulsification. Conclusion: The results of the present study reveal that diabetes has no effects on the changes in macular thickness and volume after cataract surgery in diabetic eyes without retinopathy.
Asal Yadollahi; Mostafa dastani; Bita Zargaran; Amir hossein Ghasemi; Hamid reza Rahimi
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow, active substance of an herbal origin, which is mainly derived from turmeric of the ginger family. Extensive research has been focused on the therapeutic effects of this substance on diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, and the hepatoprotective properties ...
Read More
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a yellow, active substance of an herbal origin, which is mainly derived from turmeric of the ginger family. Extensive research has been focused on the therapeutic effects of this substance on diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, and the hepatoprotective properties have attracted the attention of researchers. In addition, curcumin significantly improves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. It could also modulate various cell signals in cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes. Curcumin attenuates the blood glucose by increasing insulin levels. According to findings, consuming one gram of curcumin per day for one month could decrease total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, it contributes to the control of some of the main parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hepatic cholesterol metabolism is also regulated by curcumin, which has a similar function to lovastatin in the long run. Curcumin has been reported to prevent the enlargement of solid tumours. Several have confirmed the therapeutic role of curcumin in the management of the metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to review the therapeutic effects of curcumin.
Somaye Norouzi; Mohsen Nematy; Hedieh Zabolinezhad; Samane Sistani; Kobra Etminani
Abstract
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of people with diabetes will grow 114% by 2030. It declares that patients themselves have more responsibility for controlling and the treatment of diabetes by being provided with updated knowledge about the disease and different aspects of available ...
Read More
World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the number of people with diabetes will grow 114% by 2030. It declares that patients themselves have more responsibility for controlling and the treatment of diabetes by being provided with updated knowledge about the disease and different aspects of available treatments, and diet therapy in particular. In this regard, diet recommendation systems would be helpful. They are techniques and tools which suggest the best diets according to patient’s health situation and preferences. Accordingly, this narrative review studied food recommendation systems and their features by focusing on nutrition and diabetic issues. Literature searches in Google scholar and Pubmed were conducted in February 2015. Records were limited to papers in English language; however, no limitations were applied for the published date. We recognized three common methods for food recommender system: collaborative filtering recommender system (CFRS), knowledge based recommender system (KBRS) and context-aware recommender system (CARS). Also wellness recommender systems are a subfield of food recommender systems, which help users to find and adapt suitable personalized wellness treatments based on their individual needs. Food recommender systems often used artificial intelligence and semantic web techniques. Some used the combination of both techniques.