Mesbah Shams; Azar Sattarinezhad; Hossainali Rostamipour; Azar Purkhosrow; Elahe Sattarinezhad
Abstract
Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Numerous studies have suggested the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PCOS. As a result, drugs with anti-inflammatory effects may offer therapeutic benefits ...
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Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women of reproductive age. Numerous studies have suggested the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PCOS. As a result, drugs with anti-inflammatory effects may offer therapeutic benefits for this condition. The standard medications used in treating PCOS include cyproterone compound (cyproterone acetate + ethinyl estradiol) combined with spironolactone, metformin, and pioglitazone. This study aimed to compare the effects of these drugs on the serum levels of inflammatory markers, including hs-CRP, C3, and C4, in women with PCOS.Materials and methodsNinety women with PCOS were randomly assigned to three treatment groups for 90 days as follows: Group CC-SP received cyproterone compound (cyproterone acetate 2 mg + ethinyl estradiol 35 µg) daily, along with 100 mg/day spironolactone; Group M received metformin (1500 mg/day); and Group P received pioglitazone (30 mg/day). Serum levels of hs-CRP, C3, and C4 were measured before and after treatment.Comparisons of changes in variables between groups were performed using the ANOVA test. Additionally, covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was used to examine differences between groups, adjusting for confounding variables. Probability values of ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe C3, C4, and hs-CRP levels were increased in the CC-SP group while significantly decreased in the pioglitazone group (p<0.05). These changes were not statistically significant in the metformin group.ConclusionsPioglitazone reduces the serum levels of inflammatory markers and may be effectively combined with cyproterone and spironolactone in the treatment of PCOS.
Ubaid Khan; Behdad Dehbandi; Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Siddique; Muhammd Farhan Akhtar; Zabeeh Ullah
Abstract
Recent clinical research studies evaluated metformin's potential effects as a weight-reducing drug in non-diabetic individuals despite its glucose-lowering effects. Metformin reduces weight by acting on the appetite regulatory pathways, peripheral fat metabolism, and averse unfavorable fat storage. Clinical ...
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Recent clinical research studies evaluated metformin's potential effects as a weight-reducing drug in non-diabetic individuals despite its glucose-lowering effects. Metformin reduces weight by acting on the appetite regulatory pathways, peripheral fat metabolism, and averse unfavorable fat storage. Clinical recent findings indicated that individuals maintain weight with the help of lifestyle modifications and bariatric surgery. However, metformin's clinical efficacy on weight loss helped the individuals overcome overweight and obesity complications. Metformin alters the hypothalamic physiology, including insulin and leptin sensitivity. Furthermore, metformin regulates the circadian rhythm changes and gastrointestinal physiology by affecting food intake and regulating fat oxidation, storage fat in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissues. Research also indicated other appetite suppressing medications such as topiramate, lorcaserin, and phentermine along with metformin also seems logical but clinical data reported that their weight loss results are lacking. However, more detailed research on how metformin induces weight loss in non-diabetic individuals and the prescription of other pharmacological interventions is needed.