Amir Amirabadi; Elaheh Askarian; Nasrin Moazzen; Yalda Ravanshad
Abstract
Background/Objective:Head and neck cancer treatment often leads to stomatitis, influenced by multiple factors. Mouthwashes, with diverse formulations, offer potential therapeutic benefits. This study examines the relationship between stomatitis severity improvement post-radiotherapy and mouthwash use, ...
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Background/Objective:Head and neck cancer treatment often leads to stomatitis, influenced by multiple factors. Mouthwashes, with diverse formulations, offer potential therapeutic benefits. This study examines the relationship between stomatitis severity improvement post-radiotherapy and mouthwash use, considering patient characteristics like gender, age, duration, and dosage.Methods:A systematic review (2015–2023) evaluated mouthwash efficacy for radiotherapy-induced stomatitis. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified clinical trials, cohort, and case-control studies. Inclusion criteria focused on mouthwash effectiveness; quality was assessed using the Jadad scale.Results:Out of 480 screened studies, 16 met inclusion criteria. Traditional antiseptic mouthwashes (e.g., chlorhexidine) reduced infection risk but had mixed effects on pain and inflammation. Specialized formulations (e.g., aloe vera, honey, benzydamine) improved pain relief and mucosal healing. Combination therapies showed the best outcomes, though study variability limited conclusions.Conclusion:Mouthwashes, from antiseptics to specialized formulations, show potential for managing stomatitis. Antiseptics reduce infection, while specialized products aid pain relief and healing. Personalized interventions and further research are needed to optimize formulations for diverse patients.
Anoush Azarfar; Mohammad Esmaeili; Nayere Tousi; Mitra Naseri; Fatemeh Ghane; Yalda Ravanshad; Anahita Alizadeh
Abstract
Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and ...
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Introduction: The role of magnesium supplement to prevent primary and/or secondary kidney stones has not been fully determined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplement in modifying urinary risk factors of recurrent kidney stones.Method: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases on December 7, 2014 and reference lists of systematic reviews and randomized, controlled trials. Among the initial 282 articles found by our search strategy and hand searching, we found eight English-language studies were eligible for our study.Result: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial in nephrolithiasis prevention through increasing urinary magnesium, citrate, and calcium while declining urinary oxalate. In pediatric patients, the results were more prominent and could decline urinary oxalate up to 90% of the baseline.Conclusions: Magnesium supplementation could be beneficial, especially with potassium-citrate combination. However, due to the low number of well-designed randomized controlled trials, especially in pediatrics, the conclusions of this study need further confirmation.
Roya Narenji Sani; Ali Eshraghi; Somayeh Farokhnejad
Abstract
Today, radiological procedures using intravascular iodinated contrast media are being widely used for the diagnoses and treatment of various diseases, which highlight one of the main etiologies of contrast-induced nephropathy and hospital-acquired renal failure. Contrast-induced nephropathy development ...
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Today, radiological procedures using intravascular iodinated contrast media are being widely used for the diagnoses and treatment of various diseases, which highlight one of the main etiologies of contrast-induced nephropathy and hospital-acquired renal failure. Contrast-induced nephropathy development is associated with longer hospital stay, increase in both short- and long-term morbidity and mortality, in addition to greater health care costs.The pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy has not yet been fully explained in detail; however it is clear that the root concept is medullary hypoxia-induced renal tubular damage.Chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus are the two most important intrinsic predisposing factors to contrast-induced nephropathy. As no treatment can specifically target contrast-induced nephropathy, the main goal for clinicians is prevention of the disease. While the best approach for achieving this goal is still controversial, optimization of the patients’ circulating volume remains the only proven strategy to date. As contrast-induced nephropathy is a potentially preventable clinical condition, its better understanding will lead to better prevention of this disease. Hereby, we aimed to discuss contrast-induced nephropathy from 7 different aspects in clinical practice: 1) clinical aspect, 2) prevalence, 3) pathophysiology, 4) contrast agents and renal cell apoptosis, 5) different contrast media, 6) prevention, and 7) treatment.