Farhad Heydarian; Neda Fakhr Ghasemi; Elham Bakhtiari; Hasan Golmakani; Mohammad Heidarian
Abstract
Introduction: Febrile seizure (FS) is a highly frequent presenting complaint in children. It is defined as a seizure that occurs in children between 6 to 60 months related to a fever of 38°C or more without any other explanatory causes of seizure such as evidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection ...
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Introduction: Febrile seizure (FS) is a highly frequent presenting complaint in children. It is defined as a seizure that occurs in children between 6 to 60 months related to a fever of 38°C or more without any other explanatory causes of seizure such as evidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection or a previous seizure without fever. The aim od study is to evaluate mean folic acid serum levels in febrile children with or without seizures.Methods: The mean folic acid serum levels and demographic data of 100 children aged 6 to 60 months, admitted to the Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad, Iran in 2018-2019, were collected, where the patients with febrile seizure were considered as the case group and the febrile ones without seizure as the control group. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6 to 60 months with febrile seizures who were admitted to the pediatric ward. The exclusion criteria were having a past medical history of seizure, meningitis, or encephalitis.Results: There were 49 febrile convulsive children (cases) and 51 febrile children without a seizure (controls). The mean serum folic acid level was 7.07 and 9.89 ng/ml for cases and controls respectively (P-value < 0.001).Conclusion: Children with febrile seizures had significantly lower serum folic acid levels than febrile children without a seizure.
Mohsen Ebrahimi; Mohammadreza Shirzadeh; Mohsen Foroughipour; Hamid Zamani Moghadam; Mona Najaf Najafi; Mahdi Foroughian
Abstract
Background: According to statistics, at least four percent of people experience one or more nonfebrile seizures in their life span. Continuous Electroencephalography (cEEG) Monitoring is a useful diagnostic tool for seizure detection. The purpose of this study was to investigate EEG findings in first-time ...
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Background: According to statistics, at least four percent of people experience one or more nonfebrile seizures in their life span. Continuous Electroencephalography (cEEG) Monitoring is a useful diagnostic tool for seizure detection. The purpose of this study was to investigate EEG findings in first-time seizure patients referred to emergency department (ED). Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 first-time seizure patients admitted to ED, who were selected by convenience sampling method. The inclusion criteria were all patients aged more than 17 years with first-time seizure and informed written consent to participate in the study, and the exclusion criteria were cases where the seizure was not confirmed by a neurologist. An EEG was taken in the ED from the patient within 24 hours of the first attack. Finally, the frequency of pathological changes in EEG findings was determined in these patients. The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and dispersion and frequency distribution) and inferential statistics. Results: The patients consisted of 35 (43.8%) males and 45 (56.2%) females. The patients had a mean age of 52.54±19.33 years and a median of 53 years. Among the patients, 46 (57.5%) had normal EEG findings, and 34 (42.5%) had abnormal (pathological) EEG findings. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, 42.5% of patients had abnormal EEG findings, but it seems that accurate examination would require the use of other diagnostic tools along with EEG to diagnose patients with epilepsy and seizure more precisely.
Alireza zali; AmirSaied seddighi; Amir Nikouei; Afsoun Seddighi
Abstract
Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified ...
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Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified as partial and generalized based on the isolation in a specific area in one brain hemisphere or passing through the nerve fibers and spreading to the other hemisphere as well. Epilepsy is defined as the occurrence of more than two unprovoked and unpredicted repeated seizures. Epilepsy affects more than three million individuals in the United States and approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Epilepsy may be of an unknown origin, while it could also be associated with certain syndromes. General and specific approaches to seizure treatment encompass a wide range of factors. The general approach should be focused on reassurance and raising the awareness of the patients and their family, and the specific treatment is focused on utilizing pharmacological and surgical approaches. In general, the surgical approaches used for medication-refractory seizures are both palliative and curative, showing promising results if the epileptogenic area is localized using a multidisciplinary approach via live video-electroencephalography monitoring or direct intracranial electrode placement. In addition, the utilization of live modern imaging modalities coupled with surgical approaches could enhance the success rate of the treatment and increase the seizure-free duration.
Farah Ashrafzadeh; Hadi Tohidi; Elnaz Faraji; Alireza Ataei Nakhaei
Abstract
Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder, which may occur in all age groups, including children. Approximately 20% of epileptic children are drug-resistant. Uncontrolled seizures pose variable risks to patients, such as increased mortality rate, trauma, and cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, ...
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Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder, which may occur in all age groups, including children. Approximately 20% of epileptic children are drug-resistant. Uncontrolled seizures pose variable risks to patients, such as increased mortality rate, trauma, and cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, effective treatment is essential to controlling seizure attacks. Although many antiepileptic drugs are currently available for clinical treatments, clinicians are concerned with the discovery of safer drugs with enhanced antiepileptic effects and fewer side-effects. Traditional medicine provides strong grounds for modern medicine. Use of some medicinal plants has been shown to reduce or prevent the further progression of epileptic seizures. The present review aimed to discuss the effectiveness of some medicinal plants in the treatment of children with intractable epilepsy. An online literature review was conducted in databases such as IranMedex, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar to identify the studies investigating the use of medicinal plants in children with intractable epilepsy. In addition, the files of the authors were reviewed in the reference lists and bibliographies of the retrieved articles. According to the results, herbal therapies could potentially yield new treatment options for children with intractable epilepsy. Using medicinal herbs could be a cost-efficient treatment method in these patients as a culturally acceptable option to their families.
Mina Erfani; Farah Ashrafzadeh; javad Akhondian; Hamid Reza Rahimi; Mehran Beiraghi-Toosi; Hashem Lashgari-Kalat; Ehsan Alaei; Monica Zeynalzadeh
Abstract
Nearly 70 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Despite administration of routine antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), nearly 30% of seizures are resistant to treatment called drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Since the epilepsy treatment may result in consequences of multi-drugs administration or sometimes ...
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Nearly 70 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Despite administration of routine antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), nearly 30% of seizures are resistant to treatment called drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). Since the epilepsy treatment may result in consequences of multi-drugs administration or sometimes invasive surgical methods in DRE, herbal treatment can be a good alternative choice due to its easy accessibility, lower cost and fewer side effects. Although turmeric has been one of a very commonly used dietary spices and traditional herbal remedies, its derivation as a newly introduced medicine-curcumin has not been used to a large extent. In this literature, we have reviewed the available trial researches, which studied specifically antiepileptic effect of curcumin. We searched databases of Science direct, PubMed and Google Scholar (2008 to 2016) with key words of turmeric, curcumin, Diferuloylmethane, Epilepsy, and Seizure to find the related references. The major extract of turmeric curcumin has found to have antiepileptic effect according to recent surveys. It not only has no critical adverse effect, but also can protect patients from other AEDs severe side effects. It also makes it possible to gradually decrease the dose of AEDs in long-term combination therapy.
Masoud Pezeshki Rad; Mina Taghavi; Jahanbakhsh Hashemi; Farzaneh Sharifipour; Abbasali Zeraati
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is responsible for 25-30% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among all causes. Renal biopsy is important to determine the GN treatment method and its prognosis. In some cases, renal biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies were used as a diagnostic method in different ...
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Glomerulonephritis (GN) is responsible for 25-30% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among all causes. Renal biopsy is important to determine the GN treatment method and its prognosis. In some cases, renal biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies were used as a diagnostic method in different disease from 1930. They were performed blindly and at bedside. Complication rate varies from 2 to 20% in different reports. Percutaneous renal biopsy is a routine diagnostic procedure in nephrology nowadays, and it should be individualized for each patient depending on their age, BMI, coagulation status and the availability of skilled radiologist. In this paper, we review image-guided renal biopsy in glomerulonephritis.
Seyed Ebrahim Mansoorinejad; Farah Ashrafzadeh; Javad Akhondian; Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
Abstract
Epilepsy is described as a heterogeneous clinical syndrome results from various cerebral destructions. It is categorized to partial and generalized forms. Degree of neural system impairment and affected area determine the severity and pattern of symptoms. Patients might experience sensory, motor, or ...
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Epilepsy is described as a heterogeneous clinical syndrome results from various cerebral destructions. It is categorized to partial and generalized forms. Degree of neural system impairment and affected area determine the severity and pattern of symptoms. Patients might experience sensory, motor, or both signs and symptoms. About 60% of epileptic patients suffer from partial type. It is estimated that up to 30% of epilepsy cases would not be controlled adequately despite sufficient and proper management. Anacyclus pyrethrum, Citrus aurantium var. amara, Paeonia officinalis, Rosa Damascena and Nigella Sativa are some of herbal drugs which have antiepileptic effect. Natural agents are valuable sources to treat chronic diseases and a huge number of world`s population believe herbs are effective and safe for daily primary health care needs. There is not enough evidence about their efficacy and safety obtained from randomized control trials.