Alireza Rezaei; Nargess Afzali
Abstract
Teratoma is a rare type of tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone. Teratomas are most common in the tailbone, ovaries, and testicles, but can occur elsewhere in the body. These tumors originate from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, ...
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Teratoma is a rare type of tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone. Teratomas are most common in the tailbone, ovaries, and testicles, but can occur elsewhere in the body. These tumors originate from all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Nasopharyngeal teratomas are responsible for a high birth mortality rate from acute respiratory distress. We report a rare case of pharyngeal mass in a fetus with antenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings. A 31-year-old primigravid woman with history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and treated hypothyroidism presented with severe polyhydarmnios, prenatal ultrasound revealed a heterogenous solid cystic mass in submandibular region with no vascularity on Doppler exam. The postmortem and pathologic examination confirmed the nasopharyngeal teratoma with extensive cervical extension. The aim of this study was updating current knowledge about this disease.
Mandana Kashaki; Ladan Younesi; Marjan Esmaeili; Hasan Otoukesh; Mohammad Esmaeili
Abstract
Introduction: Ultrasonographic assessment of the kidney size in newborns is essential to the diagnosis of renal diseases during the neonatal period. According to the literature, altered renal dimensions may lead to changes in the kidney echotexture in certain renal pathologies. This systematic review ...
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Introduction: Ultrasonographic assessment of the kidney size in newborns is essential to the diagnosis of renal diseases during the neonatal period. According to the literature, altered renal dimensions may lead to changes in the kidney echotexture in certain renal pathologies. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the renal dimensions in premature and term neonates.Methods: This systematic review was conducted to identify the English articles on the renal dimensions of children and premature/term neonates via searching in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. In total, 74 studies were retrieved from the electronic databases. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 10 articles that were in line with the study objectives were selected in full text and evaluated.Result: The studies on the renal dimensions of newborns had been performed on various populations. Some studies had compared kidney diameters with the body weight and length of the neonates within the first days of birth, while some others had compared the gestational age of neonates with their kidney size. However, no conclusive results were proposed. In addition, several studies were found on kidney size during the fetal period and childhood, while limited investigation was available regarding the neonatal period. In the present study, we analyzed the correlations between the renal dimensions of neonates and their gestational age, length, weight, and body surface area by reviewing the current literature.Conclusion: Although renal volume is considered to be the most precise index of the kidney size, renal length is evidently the most practical indicator of renal dimensions, which is correlated with the anthropometric indices and gestational age of neonates.
Mortaza Talebi Doluee; hamidreza Reihani; Vahide Farzam
Abstract
Introduction:Resuscitation should be initiated immediately in shock. Early goal-directed therapy is an established algorithm for the resuscitation in septic shock. The first step is to maintain cardiac preload. Central venous pressure (CVP) plays an important role in goal-directed therapy. Central venous ...
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Introduction:Resuscitation should be initiated immediately in shock. Early goal-directed therapy is an established algorithm for the resuscitation in septic shock. The first step is to maintain cardiac preload. Central venous pressure (CVP) plays an important role in goal-directed therapy. Central venous catheterization is invasive and time-consuming in emergency conditions. There are some alternative and noninvasive methods for estimating the intravascular volume such as measuring the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter by ultrasonography. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus databases with keywords (central venous pressure OR venous pressure OR CVP) AND (ultrasonography OR sonography) AND (sepsis OR septic shock) AND (inferior vena cava OR IVC).Result: The search resulted in 2550 articles. The articles were appraised regarding the relevance, type of article, and statistical methods. Finally, 12 articles were selected. The number of patients was between 30 and 83 cases (mean age=57-67 years), intubated and non-intubated in each study. The IVC diameter was measured in respiratory cycle by bedside ultrasonography in longitudinal subxiphoid view and caval index was calculated, then they were compared with the CVP measured by central venous catheter.Discussion: CVP is an indicator of intravascular fluid status and right heart function. CVP measurement is an invasive method and of course with some complications. The IVC is the biggest vein of venous system with low-pressure; expansion of the vein reflects intravascular volume.Conclusion: It seems that IVC diameter measured by ultrasonography could be used as an alternative method for the determination of CVP in the emergency or critical patients.