Review
Masoumeh Jafari; Marziyhe Meraji
Abstract
A significant proportion of perinatal deaths are preventable. The most critical factor contributing to the failure of international programs aimed at reducing preventable perinatal deaths is the lack of sufficient and accurate information about the causes of these deaths. This deficiency hinders countries' ...
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A significant proportion of perinatal deaths are preventable. The most critical factor contributing to the failure of international programs aimed at reducing preventable perinatal deaths is the lack of sufficient and accurate information about the causes of these deaths. This deficiency hinders countries' ability to develop effective interventions to reduce perinatal mortality rates. Various classification systems have been developed to categorize the causes of perinatal deaths, aiming to enhance understanding and prevention efforts. However, these systems face challenges, including assigning a considerable portion of perinatal deaths to unknown causes and limitations in usability in developing countries with high perinatal mortality rates. The need for a comprehensive and unified international system for classifying the causes of perinatal mortality is crucial due to the diverse classification systems currently in use, which hinder data comparison at national and international levels. The purpose of this editorial study is to introduce the first classification system of causes of perinatal mortality with international applicability developed by the World Health Organization.
Review
Omid Pouresmaeil; Jalal Mardaneh
Abstract
AbstractPantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative rod that forms aggregates in liquid media. It is known for causing opportunistic infections in humans, especially in hospital settings and wounds from plant materials. The bacterium can lead to various infections like arthritis, endophthalmitis, and bacteremia, ...
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AbstractPantoea agglomerans is a Gram-negative rod that forms aggregates in liquid media. It is known for causing opportunistic infections in humans, especially in hospital settings and wounds from plant materials. The bacterium can lead to various infections like arthritis, endophthalmitis, and bacteremia, often from wooden splinters or plant thorns. Infections are diverse and affect immunocompromised individuals but respond well to antibiotics. P. agglomerans can be identified by its morphological characteristics and growth preferences in the lab. Resistance to Fosfomycin can aid in identification. Treatment typically involves antibiotics like imipenem and fluoroquinolones. Hospital-acquired infections from P. agglomerans have been linked to scenarios like endocarditis and septicemia. Selective culture media are crucial for isolating Pantoea species from clinical specimens. Regarding the treatment of infections induced by P. agglomerans, it is noteworthy that this bacterium generally exhibits susceptibility to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Notably, these include but are not limited to imipenem, fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin), aminoglycosides (e.g., amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin), broad-spectrum cephalosporins, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Original article
Ahmad shah Farhat; Ashraf Mohammadzadeh; Ezzat Khodashenas; saeed reza lotfi; negar yeganeh khorasani
Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a very important problem that occurs in 80% of premature infants. Treatments for jaundice include phototherapy and blood transfusions. But phototherapy is expensive and covering the eyes disrupts the relationship between mother and child. Also, in bilirubin above 20, ...
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Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a very important problem that occurs in 80% of premature infants. Treatments for jaundice include phototherapy and blood transfusions. But phototherapy is expensive and covering the eyes disrupts the relationship between mother and child. Also, in bilirubin above 20, the power of reducing bilirubin due to phototherapy is not so highMethods: Samples will be selected by the probabilistic method. The infants were admitted to the study at the NICU of Imam Reza and Samen Al-A'meh Hospitals in Mashhad. Random allocation is given in one of the two phenobarbital or case and the placebo groups. Routine laboratory tests for jaundice are performed for all infants. Then phototherapy and medicine are prescribed. Bilirubin levels are checked every 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after medication and until discharge. After collecting information, the data is analyzed with SPSS software version 16.Results: According to these results, there were no significant differences between sex, gestational age, infant weight and age in two groups. The mean and standard deviation of bilirubin levels before the intervention and after intervention were not significantly different between the two groups after 6 , 12, 24,48 hours, and discharge time. Conclusion: Phototherapy with 20 mg/kg phenobarbital was prescribed for the study group and only phototherapy was performed for the control group. In neonates with jaundice, phototherapy with phenobarbital 20 mg single dose did not reduce bilirubin levels and length of hospital stay.
Original article
Edu Eyong; Ezukwa Ezukwa Omoronyia; Michael Eyong; Ijeoma Charles-Ugwuagbo
Abstract
Background: Nocturnal awakening which potentially impairs the quality of sleep as pregnancy progresses, may result from certain night-time habits, as well as a physiological increase in the frequency of micturition, sleep apnoea, and restless leg syndrome. Resultant poor quality of sleep may have adverse ...
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Background: Nocturnal awakening which potentially impairs the quality of sleep as pregnancy progresses, may result from certain night-time habits, as well as a physiological increase in the frequency of micturition, sleep apnoea, and restless leg syndrome. Resultant poor quality of sleep may have adverse fetomaternal outcomes. This study was aimed at assessing sleep quality using validated tools among pregnant women seen in a referral teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among consenting antenatal care attendees, selected via systematic random sampling technique. Interviewer-administration of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used, Data was analysed using SPSS version 24.0, with Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact and independent t-tests employed as an inferential statistic, and p-value set at 0.05. Result: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 37.1%, with a mean PSQI score of 4.55 ± 1.54, The most affected sleep component with poor status was sleep disturbance (44.8%), followed by sleep latency (20.0%) and sleep duration (17.6%). Poor sleep quality was associated with each of the seven sleep components, grand multiparity, and perceived poor health status (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of poor sleep quality among expectant mothers in the study location. Sleep hygiene should be incorporated into routine and follow-up ANC clinic visits, towards prevention of adverse fetomaternal outcomes.
Original article
Shirin Ghiasi; Hassan Mottaghi Moghaddam Shahri; Elahe Heidari; ladan Danesh
Abstract
Objectives: Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) by using fetal echocardiography (FE) helps early diagnosis leading to prompt management and treatment. FE provides the high accurate non-invasive modality to improve the survival or life quality of CHD patients. The aim of this study was ...
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Objectives: Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) by using fetal echocardiography (FE) helps early diagnosis leading to prompt management and treatment. FE provides the high accurate non-invasive modality to improve the survival or life quality of CHD patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antenatal detection of CHD by FE and compare with post-delivery echocardiography results. Method: A prospective cohort study of pregnant women referred to tertiary center Imam-Reza hospital, Mashhad, Iran for performing FE in hands of a skilled pediatric cardiologist between 2012 and 2021. Cardiac echocardiography was performed by GE Vivid 7 color Doppler and Mindray Resona 7 color Doppler with a convex probe 5-7 megahertz during late first trimester or early second trimester and after birth till 2-month later. Data was analyzed with SPSS and MedCalc software and agreement evaluated by using kappa. Result: Out of 261 studied fetuses, 101 normal cases detected in total agreement with postnatal-echo diagnosis. Acceptable diagnosis found for Septal defects; VSDs high statically detected (sensitivity= 90%, specificity= 93%). complex CHDs noted to be the mostly precise accurate prenatal diagnosis. Right Arch abnormalities, aortic stenosis, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and cardiac masses were completely acceptable but detecting coarctation of aorta faced with over-diagnosed. Prenatal diagnosed arrhythmias without structural defects mostly premature beats shifted to normal after-birth Echo. Conclusion:FE is a safe and sensitive modality in the prenatal diagnosis of CHDs. The study showed the effectiveness accuracy of early first trimester; also complete detection in both-side of defect spectrum.
Original article
Ashraf Mohammadzadeh; Ahmad shah Farhat; Ezzat Khodashenas; Jalil Tavakol Afshari; Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan; Mehdi Sohrabi
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to determine the effect of zinc consumption on cell immunity in healthy 6-year-old children. In a double-blind clinical trial after the license of parents, 40 children 6-7 years old were enrolled. The male healthy and 6-7-year-old children were included and those with chronic ...
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Background: The study aimed to determine the effect of zinc consumption on cell immunity in healthy 6-year-old children. In a double-blind clinical trial after the license of parents, 40 children 6-7 years old were enrolled. The male healthy and 6-7-year-old children were included and those with chronic disease, failure to thrive, and usage of another zinc supplement in the past two months, were excluded. In the case group (N=20), twenty mg of zinc sulfate syrup has been prescribed orally for 6 months. The control group (N=20) received a placebo the same as the case group in the volume, color, bottle size, and shape. Serum zinc level and cellular proliferation were measured before intervention and 12 hours after the last dose of zinc sulfate. Zinc serum was measured by manual colorimetric method technique. A zinc level of less than 65 ug/dl is considered zinc deficiency. The lymphocyte proliferation before and after zinc treatments have been compared by paired T-test analysis. Results:The mean weight of children in the case and control group were 20.37±2.21kg and 20.92±1.98 kg respectively (P= >0.05). Serum zinc level was within the normal limit and did not differ between the two groups before and after intervention (P=0.86). After 6 months of supplementation of 20 mg zinc sulfate per day for 6 months, there were no significant improvements in Lymphocyte proliferation (with/without PHA). Conclusion: This study indicates that moderate supplementation of zinc for six months cannot efficiently improve Lymphocyte proliferation (with/without PHA) in healthy male children.
Original article
Maryam Dastfan; Ali Madadi Mahani; AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf; Farid Poursadegh; Fariba Rezaeetalab; Ali Shamshirian; Mahnaz mozdorian
Abstract
Background:The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, lung involvement severity, and mortality in 841 COVID-19 patients ...
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Background:The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, lung involvement severity, and mortality in 841 COVID-19 patients admitted to Imam Reza Hospital affiliated to the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Methods:The study included demographic information, physical and clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, computed tomography (CT) scan scores, and final outcomes. Results:The mean age of the patients was 58.23±16.44 years, and 39.2% were female. The most common underlying disease was hypertension (51.3%), and the most frequent symptom at presentation was shortness of breath (87.1%). The mortality rate was 33.8%. The results showed a significant direct correlation between CRP levels and LDH levels (r=0.129, p<0.001), as well as between CRP levels and CT scores (r=0.322, p<0.001). There was also a significant inverse correlation between CRP levels and patients' SPO2 (r=-0.309, p<0.001). ESR levels had no significant correlation with SPO2, LDH, AST, ALT, or CT scores. Expired patients had significantly lower SPO2 levels (p<0.001) and ALT (p=0.044), while CRP (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), and CT scores (p<0.001) were significantly higher compared to discharged patients.Conclusions:The findings suggest that serum CRP levels at admission can be used as a predictive factor for the severity of lung involvement and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Liver damage was also associated with worse clinical outcomes. ESR levels had no significant relationship with lung involvement severity and mortality, possibly due to the delay in ESR elevation in response to inflammation.
Original article
Mitra Ahadi; Sina Fazel Hashemi; Farima Farsi; Zahra Mazloum khorasani; Vahid Reza Dabbagh Kakhki; Negar Morovatdar
Abstract
Objective: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has increased in recent decades. The incidence of osteoporosis in the population with IBD is higher than in the normal population. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine the risk factors associated with decreased bone mineral ...
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Objective: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has increased in recent decades. The incidence of osteoporosis in the population with IBD is higher than in the normal population. Therefore, it seems necessary to carefully examine the risk factors associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) among these patients.Methods and Materials: Patients with IBD completed a questionnaire including demographic data, drug history, underlying disease (past medical history), and family history, then their bone density was measured with a DEXA device. Also, laboratory samples were prepared. Densitometry results were placed in three groups: normal, osteoporotic, and osteopenia. All of the data was analyzed by SPSS version 23 software.Results: This study was conducted on 63 patients (58 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 5 patients with Crohn's disease (CD)). The bone density was normal in 40 patients, 16 had osteopenia and 7 had osteoporosis. There was a significant relationship between bone density and age (P < 0.001), smoking (P=0.049), past medical history (P< 0.001), extraintestinal involvement (P=0.008), duration (P=0.023) and menopause (P=0.002). Also, the amount of use of corticosteroid drugs (P=0.014), the level of calcium (P=0.017), and vitamin D (P< 0.001) in the blood had a significant relationship with bone density.Conclusion: In our study, we showed that age, smoking status, underlying conditions, extraintestinal involvement, corticosteroid use, levels of vitamin D and calcium, and menopause are risk factors for an increased risk for decreased BMD in IBD patients.
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