Somaye Farokhnejad; Mostafa Dastani; Afsoon Fazlinejad; Roya Narenji Sani
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is caused mainly by obstruction of coronary arteries. The ischemic assessment through echocardiography is dependent on wall motion abnormality detection during systole. In patients with ischemic heart disease the diastolic function is impaired before systolic function ...
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Introduction: Ischemic heart disease is caused mainly by obstruction of coronary arteries. The ischemic assessment through echocardiography is dependent on wall motion abnormality detection during systole. In patients with ischemic heart disease the diastolic function is impaired before systolic function and measurement of regional diastolic dysfunction if possible will be most sensitive for assessment of obstructed coronary artery region. This study was designed to determine whether regional left ventricular delayed relaxation diagnosis could be detected with strain imaging derived from two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods: All the articles reviewed were obtained using MEDLINE & ScienceDirect (up to October 2014). All data extracted by speckle tracking echocardiography. The index which is used is strain imaging diastolic index which is calculated as: (A-B) A×100 . A is the amount of strain at the time Aortic value closure and B is the amount of strain in first one-third point of diastolic duration.Result: Four articles were reviewed. Three articles assessed patients with echocardiography at rest and one with stress echocardiography. All articles showed the coronary artery tracking with significant stenosis is possible by regional deformation analysis through two-dimensional strain.Discussion: The usage of strain images obtained through two-dimensional speckle tracking has been validated for the quantitation assessment of regional dysfunction in ischemic heart disease. Regional LV delayed relaxation diagnosis with strain imaging is a reliable method after treadmill stress test.Conclusion: Strain imaging is reasonable for evaluation of ischemia as a low cost noninvasive test with high accuracy.
Vahid Shojaee; Mostafa Dastani; Alireza Abdolahi; Hamid Reza Rahimi
Abstract
Cerebrovascular event is one of the important causes of death in the world. Carotid artery stenosis is one of main risk factors of cerebrovascular events. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are found in carotid artery stenosis. Thus, coincidence of coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis were ...
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Cerebrovascular event is one of the important causes of death in the world. Carotid artery stenosis is one of main risk factors of cerebrovascular events. Risk factors for atherosclerosis are found in carotid artery stenosis. Thus, coincidence of coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis were observed. In an individual with high risk of coronary artery plaque formation, peripheral artery stenosis is imaginable. Histological morphology and plaque formation in coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis are similar and they occur together most of the time. Although many similar findings were shown in coronary artery disease and carotid artery stenosis, carotid artery stenosis is associated with more severe stenosis compare with coronary artery disease. Carotid artery stenosis does not have exact similar biological activity with coronary artery disease.Some invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods are established for carotid artery stenosis detection.Same medical and surgical treatment techniques could be used for carotid artery stenosis management that vary due to patient-to-patient specific conditions.
Reza Ghasemi; Mostafa Dastani; Alireza Abdolahi; Hamid Reza Rahimi
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic slow-developing condition affecting medium-size and large blood vessels. It is the principal underlying pathology of coronary heart disease and stroke. In some countries, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the cause of nearly half (48%) of the deaths and, loss of productivity ...
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Atherosclerosis is a chronic slow-developing condition affecting medium-size and large blood vessels. It is the principal underlying pathology of coronary heart disease and stroke. In some countries, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the cause of nearly half (48%) of the deaths and, loss of productivity life. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is defined as atherosclerosis in peripheral arteries instead of coronary arteries. CAD and PAD have same risk factors and underlying pathophysiological processes. Therefore, patient with CAD should be considered for PAD. Ankle brachial index (ABI), duplex sonography, and some other non-invasive techniques are recommended for PAD diagnosis in patients with the history of CAD. Pharmacotherapy, endovascular interventions, and surgical management could be chosen according to the patient’s situation. Cardiologists and general practitioners should consider PAD in a patient with CAD or DM as a strong correlated disease.
Mahmoud Ebrahimi; Azamat Sabouri Arteh; Hamid Reza Rahimi
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global problem. In addition, it is higher risk of mortality for women more than men are when develop in female gender Atherosclerotic plaques consist of deposits of fatty material in the tunica intima. The role of inflammatory process in CAD has been known from ...
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global problem. In addition, it is higher risk of mortality for women more than men are when develop in female gender Atherosclerotic plaques consist of deposits of fatty material in the tunica intima. The role of inflammatory process in CAD has been known from 1980’s. Several studies investigated the innate immunity and adaptive immunity roles in atherosclerosis and they concluded that it plays a key role in atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a widely used method for the treatment of CAD. Based on the literature, CABG is the most common surgical operation done worldwide. In During the first 10 years after CABG, up to 50% of saphenous grafts will occlude. Graft restenosis is beginning with acute thrombosis, intima hyperplasia, and plaque formation. In this review, some molecular pathways of graft failure and restenosis such as apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) are described.