Review
Brandon S Jackson; Daniel Montwedi
Abstract
Hemorrhage can result in an increased mortality and morbidity. There are a variety of options to assist the surgeon in achieving hemostasis. Modalities that result, or assist, in hemostasis were included under the term Hemostatic Modalities. Due to the variety of hemostatic modalities available, choosing ...
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Hemorrhage can result in an increased mortality and morbidity. There are a variety of options to assist the surgeon in achieving hemostasis. Modalities that result, or assist, in hemostasis were included under the term Hemostatic Modalities. Due to the variety of hemostatic modalities available, choosing the correct modality tailored for each situation and patient can be confusing. The aim was to classify and organize the different hemostatic modalities in the armamentarium available to the surgeon. Hemostatic modalities can be classified into systemic and local modalities. Systemic hemostatic modalities include blood component therapy and anticoagulant antidotes. Local hemostatic modalities are subdivided into vasoconstrictors, electrical devices, mechanical modalities, endovascular modalities and topical hemostatic agents. Topical hemostatic agents can be further subclassified into agents that function with an intact or dysfunctional patient coagulation system, i.e. “independent of the coagulation system”, and those that only function with an intact patient coagulation system, i.e. “dependent on the coagulation system”. Classifying hemostatic modalities allows for a more informed decision and a structured approach when choosing the appropriate modality. The different classes, as well as within the classes, are by no means isolated and can be used concurrently, depending on the situation, resulting in a synergistic effect for hemostasis.
Review
seyedeh fatemeh Nosrati Hadi Abad; Sayed Majid Sadrzadeh; محمد جعفر فیض ابادی; Fatemeh Zahra karimi
Abstract
مقاله بصورت
Commentary
می باشد
The population of any country is the most important asset of that country (1-4). Demographic change and its role in labor supply, and as a result, in production growth, can play a significant role in the socio-economic growth and development of any country. ...
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مقاله بصورت
Commentary
می باشد
The population of any country is the most important asset of that country (1-4). Demographic change and its role in labor supply, and as a result, in production growth, can play a significant role in the socio-economic growth and development of any country. One of the most important factors affecting demographic changes is the alteration of the fertility rate, which itself strongly influences the supply of labor (5, 6).
According to the report of the United Nations in 2017 regarding the World Population Prospects, almost half of the world's population live in countries with fertility below the succession level (7). In Iran, one of the most important changes has been the rapid decline in fertility and the spread of this trend to all provinces and urban and rural areas (8). Total fertility has decreased from 7 births per woman in 1979 to 1.9 births in 2006, 1.8 births in 2011, 2.01 births in 2016, and 1.65 in 2020, which shows a sharp decline in fertility in Iran over the past decades (9, 10).
Original article
ANUJ SINGH; Ashish Kumar Sharma; Amit Kumar; Ankit Singh; SWATI KHAN; Neha Singh Chauhan
Abstract
Introduction: Despite an agricultural country, India confronting malnutrition as a major public health challenge, where every second child is at risk of malnutrition. The nation ranking second in population with disproportionate rural and urban demography, further poor penetration of government assisted ...
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Introduction: Despite an agricultural country, India confronting malnutrition as a major public health challenge, where every second child is at risk of malnutrition. The nation ranking second in population with disproportionate rural and urban demography, further poor penetration of government assisted programs in remote, underserved areas fuelling the malnutrition in rural areas.
Objective: To compare malnutrition among school children of ruraland urban territories of Bareilly district and to assess their socio-demographic profile
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital. Total 465 schoolchildren in rural and urban areas of Bareilly district were screened for malnutrition and their socio-demographic profiles were studied.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of malnutrition in schoolchildren of Bareilly district was 40.2%. Fraction contributed by urban and rural territories was 35.2% and 43%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was found higher in rural area as compared to urban area and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The study shows 43% prevalence of malnutrition in rural areas and under nutrition was the main cause of malnutrition attributed by poverty and illiteracy. However, urban areas reported 7.8% lower prevalence of malnutrition, but alarming trends of overweight and obesity 15.2%.
Original article
Mitra Ahadi; Ali Beheshti Namdar; Samaneh Bakhshi; Elham Mokhtari Amirmajdi; Mohammad Derakhshan; Atieh Yaghoubi; kiarash Ghazvini
Abstract
Background: Based on serological studies the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian adults is up to 80%. Gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma are common clinical outcomes of this infection in Iran. Since antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori are different ...
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Background: Based on serological studies the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian adults is up to 80%. Gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma are common clinical outcomes of this infection in Iran. Since antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori are different geographically, local studies are highly required.Method: Eighty isolates of Helicobacter pylori were obtained from patients referred to the endoscopy unit of Ghaem university hospital in Mashhad. Demographic features including age, gender, symptoms were recorded before the sampling. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined for five common antibiotics used for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns. Results: The patterns of antibiotic resistance were determined and 41.2%, 13.7%, 8.7%, 6.6%, and 6.6% of isolates were resistant to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone, respectively.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the total rate of antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori especially in the case of metronidazole increased over time. The increase in the rates of resistance was affected by factors such as female sex and ages between 30 to 60 that remind of the need for the continuous monitoring program of antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
Original article
Afsaneh Bahrami; Elahe Allahyari; Afrooz Arzehgar; Mehdi Sohrabi; Elham Amirzadeh; Soheila Alipour; Gordon A. Ferns; majid Ghayour
Abstract
Introduction: The serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D supplementation, differs between individuals. The goal of this study was the evaluation of the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic factors with the hugeness of response to vitamin supplementation, defined by statistical analysis artificial ...
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Introduction: The serum 25(OH)D response to vitamin D supplementation, differs between individuals. The goal of this study was the evaluation of the relationship between socioeconomic and demographic factors with the hugeness of response to vitamin supplementation, defined by statistical analysis artificial neural network (ANNs). Method: The prospective interventional study was conducted on 529 participants aged 12-19 years old. All participants were administrated to receive nine vitamin D capsules (50000IU vitamin D) over nine weeks. The response variables were the following: the differences between the concentrations of vitamin D before and after intervention. ANNs algorithm, combination of transfer functions hyperbolic tangent or sigmoid transfer in hidden layers and linear, softmax, hyperbolic tangent or sigmoid transfer function in output layer were assessed. The best ANNs algorithm to predict response to vitamin D levels had acceptable sensitivity, specificity and accuracy area under the ROC curve. Result: Among various sociodemographic factors which affect the increase in serum vitamin D amounts in response to supplementations, baseline serum vitamin D (28.1%), BMI (13.8%), physical activity (12.1%), age (7.6%), mother's education (6.4%), and father's occupation (5.8%) be important variables.Conclusion: This interventional study provides specific sociodemographic-recommendations to achieve 25(OH)D targets in cases with severe vitamin D deficiency, perhaps indicating that a higher dose is require to obtain optimal Vit D levels in some individuals.
Case series
Mitra Rahimi; Nasim Zamani; Parsa Yousefzadeh; Saeed Ghahremani
Abstract
Background: paraquat is a cheap and easy access herbicide which its intoxication is limited in Iran.
Objectives: The current study aims to provide some epidemiologic data within paraquat poisoning from the largest referral center of clinical toxicology in Iran.
Methods: In this study we investigated ...
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Background: paraquat is a cheap and easy access herbicide which its intoxication is limited in Iran.
Objectives: The current study aims to provide some epidemiologic data within paraquat poisoning from the largest referral center of clinical toxicology in Iran.
Methods: In this study we investigated the paraquat poisoning patients who were admitted to Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2016
Results: A Total of 12 patients participated in this study, 50% of these patients were between 10-20 years old, 41.7% were between 26-40 years old, and 8.3% were above 55 years old. About 83.3% were male and 16.7% were female. Treatments which were given in the hospital include cyclophosphamide (58.3%), cortisol (75%), vitamin C (50%), vitamin E (83.3%), N-acetyl cysteine (83.3%). among the hospitalized patients, 66.6% of the patients needed invasive interventions to maintain the airways, of which 3.33% underwent tracheostomy and the same amount underwent intubation. Among the patients, the number of deaths was 5, among whom 3 died due to pulmonary and kidney failure.
Conclusions: This study indicates that the majority are younger than 40 years and males. Prevention and limited access to this substance in necessary due to the lack of antidote.
Original article
Mina Nosrati; Neda shakour; Toktam Sahranavard; Fatemeh Sadabadi; Sara Saffar Soflaei; Hamideh Ghazizadeh; Maryam Mohammadi Bajgiran; Mohamad Reza Latifi; Mohammad Amin Mansouri; Mahmoud Ebrahimi; Mohsen Mouhebati; Seyed Hassan Mirshafee; Masoumeh Haghighi; Reza Assaran Darban; Ensieh Akbarpour; Gordon A. Ferns; Habibollah Esmaily; Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder that its types are generated by collecting of genetic and environmental risk agents. Here, the association between HSPB1 polymorphism as a genetic risk factor and DM was investigated.
methods:
Total 690 participants from MASHAD cohort study ...
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Introduction: Diabetes (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder that its types are generated by collecting of genetic and environmental risk agents. Here, the association between HSPB1 polymorphism as a genetic risk factor and DM was investigated.
methods:
Total 690 participants from MASHAD cohort study population were recruited into the study.
Anti-HSP27-level was assessed followed by genotyping using Taqman®-probes-based assay. Anthropometric, demographic and hematological/biochemical characteristics were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized, while logistic regression models were used to assess the association of the genetic variant with clinical characteristics of population.
Results: Finds was shown there are meaningful differences among groups of age, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, FBG,TG, HDL-C, and hs-CRP, and was no big -significant difference between the exists in different HSP27 SNP in the two studied groups (with and without DM), also was no remarkable relation between genetic forms of HSPB1 and T2DM. This investigation was the first research that analyzed the relationship between the genetic type of the HSPB1 gene (rs2868371) and Type 2 diabetes (DM2). In our population, the CC genotype (68.1%) had a higher prevalence versus GC (26.6%) and GG (5.3%) genotypes and the data shown that no genetic difference of HSPB1 gene polymorphism (rs2868371) was related with DM2.
Conclusion: HSPB1 polymorphism, rs2868371, was not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Original article
fatemeh farkahi
Abstract
Abstract
This research was aimed at studying the stress, anxiety, and depression epidemiology among highschoolers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample included 605 students (341 males & 264 females) coming from various grades of high school ranging in age from 14 to 19. To fulfill the objectives of the study, ...
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Abstract
This research was aimed at studying the stress, anxiety, and depression epidemiology among highschoolers in Mashhad, Iran. The sample included 605 students (341 males & 264 females) coming from various grades of high school ranging in age from 14 to 19. To fulfill the objectives of the study, three instruments (scales) were employed including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Cattell Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Children Depression Scale (CDS-A). Since the PSS and CDS-A had no norm in Iran, they were then normed revealing reliability of 0.76 for PSS through Spearmen-Brown split half while it was 0.77 through Cronbach’s alpha. Similarly, the reliability for CDS-A was 0.9 and 0.89, respectively. In addition, the validity of the tests proved to be significant at p<0.001 once the correlation of each item with the whole test was obtained. Besides, factor analysis was conducted and examining the items which had the highest loadings on each item indicated that the items of the two tests were completely reliable. The epidemiology results indicated that the stress prevalence was 9.1% among the boys and 22% among the girls while it was 14.7% in the whole sample. This implies that the EBtela rate in girls was two and half times greater that the boys.
Original article
Ziya Asan
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of cases who had a history of spine trauma and were being followed up for a diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelia and to discuss the existing theories in the literature and the vortex effect in pathogenesis.
Methods: ...
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Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological follow-up of cases who had a history of spine trauma and were being followed up for a diagnosis of post-traumatic syringomyelia and to discuss the existing theories in the literature and the vortex effect in pathogenesis.
Methods: Records of 44 patients who had a history of high-energy spinal trauma and diagnosed post-traumatic syringomyelia after their follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Cases were evaluated under two groups based on the type of trauma those affected by axial forces and those affected by vertical forces. Results from spinal MRI scans of the cases were recorded. Pathogenesis was aimed to be revealed by uncovering the relationship of trauma type with syringomyelia localization and size.
Results: The mean age was 39.8; 26 cases were male, and 18 were female. 10 (58.8%) cases presented cervical, 4 (23.5%) cervicothoracic, and 3 (17.6%) thoracic syringomyelias due to axial trauma. 6 (22.2%) cases presented cervical, 4 (14.8%) cases cervicothoracic, and 17 (62.9%) thoracic syringomyelias due to vertical forces. Segmental asymmetries were frequently encountered among their neurological findings.
Conclusion: Syringomyelias appeared most frequently in the cervical and cervicothoracic junction due to the vertebral column being affected by axial forces, whereas in the case of vertical forces, it appeared most frequently in the thoracic segments. When considered along with the mechanisms of syringomyelia development, the appearance of syringomyelias can be explained by a vortex effect inside the central canal.
Original article
Narendra Kumar; Syed Sahil Ali; Deepak Kumar Sharma; Anmol Kankane
Abstract
Introduction- Routinely used inflammatory markers such as ESR and CRP are suggested to suspect post-operative infection at an early stage. Therefore their normal trend after arthroplasty surgeries need to be known and their variation from that trend need to be understood.
Materials and methods- A prospective ...
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Introduction- Routinely used inflammatory markers such as ESR and CRP are suggested to suspect post-operative infection at an early stage. Therefore their normal trend after arthroplasty surgeries need to be known and their variation from that trend need to be understood.
Materials and methods- A prospective observational study was conducted. 75 patients undergoing THR or HRA surgeries of hip or TKR surgeries fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for the study. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and postoperatively on day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 15 after surgery and sent to measure ESR and CRP values. Surgical site was assessed for presence of any discharge, which was sent for culture. Presence of any growth after 48 hours of incubation was diagnosed as infection.
Result- Values of both ESR and CRP raised after surgery. ESR reached its peak value on POD 5 while CRP reached its peak value on POD 3. Both ESR and CRP declined thereafter. On correlating these trends with infected cases, we reported a statistically significant correlation of CRP with infection on POD 15. However, ESR values did not show any significant correlation with infection in starting 15 days post-operatively.
Conclusion- There is a significant variation in levels of ESR and CRP after arthroplasty surgeries of lower limb. In infected cases, there is a deviation from this normal trend, that can be used to suspect post-operative infection. However, none of these parameters can be used to suspect it in starting 7 days after surgery.
Original article
lahya afsharisaleh; nasrin anvari; Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam; Bita Kiafar; Farzaneh Rahimpour
Abstract
Introduction: Work related dermatitis is one of the most prevalent diseases, which its economic and social effects on the individual and the society is considerable. The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) is known as a comprehensive and standardized tools for screening the occupational ...
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Introduction: Work related dermatitis is one of the most prevalent diseases, which its economic and social effects on the individual and the society is considerable. The Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2002) is known as a comprehensive and standardized tools for screening the occupational skin diseases.The main purpose of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the NOSQ-2002/SHORT into Persian.
Materials and methods: A survey cultural translation carried out during 2018 in Mashhad, Iran. The NOSQ-2002/SHORT adaptation process included the forward translation and reconciliation, back translation and an expert panel assessment. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were calculated according the to Lawshe formula. The Persian version of the questionnaire was tested in 30 workers attended the training courses for health ID card confirmation as a pilot study and were confirmed by physical examination. Base on the participants’ opinion, the ambiguous questions were modified by the expert panel.
Results: All the 15 questions had a CVR of 0.6 and higher. The overall content validity index of the questionnaire was equal to 0.80. Some obscure words not good understood by the pilot study participants were revised. The results of the questionnaire declaration was matched with the physical examination for each worker.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the NOSQ-2002/SHORT questionnaire is now available for researchers for assessment hand eczema in the work settings. Further research is suggested to evaluate the validity of the Persian version of NOSQ-2002.