Systematic review
Reihaneh Shagholi; Saeed Eslami Hasan Abadi; Akram Moghaddasi; Tayyebeh Sayyadee; Maryam Tayefi
Abstract
Introduction: In order to know the procedure of one-minute preceptor (OMP) teaching method, the relevant English language articles were searched in 5 databases, namely Clinical Key, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in-process. Methods: The search process was conducted on the articles published ...
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Introduction: In order to know the procedure of one-minute preceptor (OMP) teaching method, the relevant English language articles were searched in 5 databases, namely Clinical Key, ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in-process. Methods: The search process was conducted on the articles published during 2000- August 2017 using the term “one-minute preceptor” in title and abstract. Letter to the editor, articles irrelevant to OMP, articles with no full-text, and duplicate articles were removed from this study. Result: The search result led to the identification of 133 articles. After employing the exclusion criteria, 31 articles remained for detailed analysis. The main outcomes of the investigated studies were categorized into 7 main groups, namely 1. OMP and effectiveness, 2. OMP and develop 3. OMP and SNAPPS, 4. OMP and Traditional Mode, 5. OMP as a teaching tool, 6. OMP and teaching skill, and 7. Teach OMP. The commonly used study designs in the order of frequency were opinion review, and observational without control studies, non-randomized controlled trial, pretest-posttest design, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews. The OMP improved processes and outcomes of education. Its effectiveness was in both teaching and patient diagnosis; moreover, it improved the quality of feedback and residents’ teaching skill in the clinical setting. Furthermore, OMP did not show statistically significant improvements in teaching behavior. Conclusion: Results showed that the OMP workshop for faculty staff does not enhance the quality or quantity of residents’ perceptions. There should be a nonstop effort by faculty members to increase the quality of clinical teaching.
Review
Farzaneh Iravani; Reza Iravani; Majid Mojarad
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths across the world. The prevalence of GC varies in different countries and even in various regions of the same country. GC is often sporadic, and the familial type occurs in approximately 10% of the cases. ...
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Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths across the world. The prevalence of GC varies in different countries and even in various regions of the same country. GC is often sporadic, and the familial type occurs in approximately 10% of the cases. The main risk factors for GC include age, family history, Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking habits, and genetic factors. One of the important altered genes in GC is p53, which is the most frequently mutated gene in this cancer type. P53 is involved in the cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. Moreover, it is considered to be the cellular gatekeeper for cell growth and division and it is referred as the ‘guardian of genome’. Another important gene involved in GC is CDH1, which encodes the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein. E-cadherin is considered to be the main cause of familial GC. Cadherin is a type of cell adhesion molecule, which represents calcium-dependent adhesion and plays a pivotal role in maintaining adherent junctions in the areas of epithelial cell-cell contact. Furthermore, it is suspected to be a tumor suppressor gene for GC. Gene therapy has been increasingly performed on various GC cell lines, including SGC7901 and animal models, some of which will be reviewed in the present study.
Review
Massoud Hajia
Abstract
Human brucellosis and its prevalence are directly correlated with the presence of animal infections in various regions. The infections associated with Brucella species have been reported in numerous animals. The incidence of these infections has recently increased in the endemic regions in Iran, including ...
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Human brucellosis and its prevalence are directly correlated with the presence of animal infections in various regions. The infections associated with Brucella species have been reported in numerous animals. The incidence of these infections has recently increased in the endemic regions in Iran, including Zagros areas and the northeast of the country. Therefore, there have been difficulties in the diagnosis of the infectious cases since there is the possibility of encountering resistant strains. Furthermore, the spread of immerging strains is among the challenges that rapidly affect animals, even vaccinated livestock. Antibiotic-resistant strains are important in livestock since drug resistance may rapidly spread to humans. Therefore, continuous investigation is required in the case of drug resistance or immerging strains. Conventional typing procedures are no longer used due to several difficulties. Identifying the type of Brucella could provide adequate data on epidemiological surveillance, investigation of the infection outbreaks, tracking the diseases, identifying the immerging types, reviewing the success rate of eradicating the infections, and examining the outbreaks in the endemic areas. The reports regarding the application of molecular typing methods are still under development. Extensive research has been focused on the typing of brucellosis, proposing controversial results and aiming to improve the applied procedures. This review aimed to assess the ability of the introduced molecular methods and their status for identification and typing procedures. In addition, the frequency and distribution of Brucella species and subspecies have been investigated.
Review
Sedigheh Abdollahzadeh Soreshjani; Milad Ashrafizadeh
Abstract
In recent years, professional exercise has been significantly expanded among the individuals, especially young ones. According to high-intensity exercise courses, which are necessary for professional exercise, we decided to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on testosterone levels, ...
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In recent years, professional exercise has been significantly expanded among the individuals, especially young ones. According to high-intensity exercise courses, which are necessary for professional exercise, we decided to investigate the effects of high-intensity exercise on testosterone levels, heat shock proteins, and fertility potentials. Findings have shown that the levels of testosterone increase in moderate exercise; however, there are findings about the decrease of testosterone in the athletes who exercise with high intensity. In addition, because the high-intensity training is considered as a stressful condition, the heat shock proteins are activated, and their expression levels are increased that shows the vital role of these essential proteins in eliminating or weakening of that stress. Besides, the parameters, such as sperm quantity, sperm motility, and morphology determine the fertility potential of a person, and studies have shown that high-intensity exercise has harmful effects on these parameters.
Review
Hamid Reza Kianifar; Yalda Rezaei; Ali Khakshour; Hassan Karami; Maryam Khalesi; Seyed Ali Jafari; Mohammad Ali kiani; Veda Vakili; Seyed Ali Alamdaran
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is an important aspect of cystic fibrosis (CF), which manifests with various signs and symptoms. Lack of specific examinations for CFLD have made the diagnostic process of the disease time-consuming, and the disease is often identified after severe progress. ...
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Cystic fibrosis-associated liver disease (CFLD) is an important aspect of cystic fibrosis (CF), which manifests with various signs and symptoms. Lack of specific examinations for CFLD have made the diagnostic process of the disease time-consuming, and the disease is often identified after severe progress. Finding the associations between the outcomes of various clinical, biochemical, and sonography examinations could help specialists identify the disease in a timely manner. This review study aimed to determine the correlations between the outcomes of various diagnostic approaches based on the current literature. According to the literature, some studies have reported correlations between various diagnostic approaches, while other studies have reported no associations in this regard. This discrepancy could be due to the various manifestations associated with CF.
Review
Alireza zali; AmirSaied seddighi; Amir Nikouei; Afsoun Seddighi
Abstract
Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified ...
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Abnormal hyperexcitable electrical discharges of the cerebral cortex lead to the disturbance between the inhibitory and excitatory balance of the neural network. Seizure is caused by four main mechanisms, including metabolic, structural, inflammatory, and infectious mechanisms. Seizures are classified as partial and generalized based on the isolation in a specific area in one brain hemisphere or passing through the nerve fibers and spreading to the other hemisphere as well. Epilepsy is defined as the occurrence of more than two unprovoked and unpredicted repeated seizures. Epilepsy affects more than three million individuals in the United States and approximately 50 million individuals worldwide. Epilepsy may be of an unknown origin, while it could also be associated with certain syndromes. General and specific approaches to seizure treatment encompass a wide range of factors. The general approach should be focused on reassurance and raising the awareness of the patients and their family, and the specific treatment is focused on utilizing pharmacological and surgical approaches. In general, the surgical approaches used for medication-refractory seizures are both palliative and curative, showing promising results if the epileptogenic area is localized using a multidisciplinary approach via live video-electroencephalography monitoring or direct intracranial electrode placement. In addition, the utilization of live modern imaging modalities coupled with surgical approaches could enhance the success rate of the treatment and increase the seizure-free duration.