Original article
Soheila Khazaei
Abstract
Background: Approximately 20 million low-birth-weight infants are annually born worldwide. Prematurity and low birth weight are significantly linked to infant mortality rates. Neonates in neonatal intensive care units are often separated from their mothers, leading to a lack of parental involvement in ...
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Background: Approximately 20 million low-birth-weight infants are annually born worldwide. Prematurity and low birth weight are significantly linked to infant mortality rates. Neonates in neonatal intensive care units are often separated from their mothers, leading to a lack of parental involvement in care, which poses numerous risks and threats.Kangaroo mother care has been identified as an alternative method that can mitigate these risks. Methods: This semi-experimental clinical trial examined the effects of independent variables (kangaroo mother care and incubator care) on dependent variables (body temperature, weight gain, exclusive breastfeeding, and physiological measures) in 130 low birth weight infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Tehran Imam Hussein Hospital during 2019-2020.Results: This study observed an increase in maternal presence at the hospital. There were no significant differences between the two groups of mothers in terms of quantitative variables such as maternal age, number of pregnancies, and length of maternal hospital stay post-delivery. The average duration of kangaroo mother care was 12 ± 8.7 days, No differences were found between the two groups in variables such as gestational age, Apgar score, and weight and height at birth, at stability, and at discharge.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that kangaroo mother care reduces mortality, promotes exclusive breastfeeding, enhances emotional bonding between parents and neonates, reduces sepsis and patent ductus arteriosus, and shortens the duration of antibiotic use. This study supports the development of guidelines for educational programs to incorporate this alternative care method in neonatal intensive care units.
Review
Zahed Ahmadi
Abstract
This article discusses regarding the impact of night shift work on osteoporosis using evidences from epidemiological evidences. Nowadays, night shift work is characterized as a common risk factors which contributes in decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) content as well as increase of bone fracture ...
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This article discusses regarding the impact of night shift work on osteoporosis using evidences from epidemiological evidences. Nowadays, night shift work is characterized as a common risk factors which contributes in decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) content as well as increase of bone fracture risk (1). Osteoporosis is defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as "a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, predisposing a person to an increased risk of fracture." BMD, a measure of bone strength, is assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with fractures most common in the hip, spine, and forearm. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, approximately 9 million low-energy fractures occur globally each year, affecting more than 200 million women, especially those over the age of 60 (1-2).In conclusion, the findings from current evidences support an association between night shift work and osteoporosis. Based on the available evidence shift work could impacted on mineral bone density through various mechanism such as normal homostasis, dysregulation of endocrin-hormones and immune system to alternating the bone mineral density content. However, the current body of research is limited, and further studies are needed to clarify the link between night shift work and osteoporosis, as well as the underlying biological mechanisms.
Review
Abbas Abdollahi; Ala Orafaie; Fatemeh Shahabi; Majid Ansari
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant health-related infection rarely seen in colorectal patients after surgery. However, over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the incidence and severity of CDI. In addition, the healthcare system is impacted significantly by the morbidity, ...
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Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant health-related infection rarely seen in colorectal patients after surgery. However, over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the incidence and severity of CDI. In addition, the healthcare system is impacted significantly by the morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with CDI. While antibiotic use was initially thought to be the only cause, CDI has now been associated with hospitalization and residence in long-term care facilities. The risk of developing CDI is higher for patients who undergo gastrointestinal procedures, including colectomy. Hence, targeting preventive measures and reducing the burden associated with CDI can be achieved by identifying colorectal surgery patients at high risk for this increasingly prevalent disease. In the present article, we aim to review the current evidence of pre- and postoperative CDI in patients with underlying colorectal surgeries due to benign or malignant conditions, pointing to risk factors for infection, clinical impact, and outcomes.
Review
Salehe Akhondian; Saeedeh Talebi
Abstract
Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with numerous nutritional and health challenges that significantly impact the patient's quality of life and clinical outcomes. Nutritional management plays a vital role in addressing issues such as pancreatic insufficiency, fat malabsorption, vitamin and ...
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Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with numerous nutritional and health challenges that significantly impact the patient's quality of life and clinical outcomes. Nutritional management plays a vital role in addressing issues such as pancreatic insufficiency, fat malabsorption, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and complications like CF-related diabetes (CFRD) and liver disease (CFLD). This review provides an overview of the essential nutritional assessment, management strategies, and the role of CFTR modulator therapies in improving the nutritional status and health outcomes in CF patients.Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature regarding the nutritional needs, deficiencies, and therapies in CF patients was conducted, including a focus on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), vitamin and mineral supplementation, and the management of bone disease, CFRD, and CFLD. Additionally, the impact of CFTR modulators on nutritional outcomes and related complications was examined.Results: Nutritional assessment in CF is multifaceted, incorporating clinical, anthropometric, body composition, and biochemical evaluations. Early intervention strategies, including PERT and tailored supplementation, are critical for managing fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mineral imbalances, and maintaining adequate body mass. The prevalence of CFRD and CFLD significantly impacts CF management, necessitating regular screening and appropriate treatments. CFTR modulator therapies have led to improvements in lung function and nutritional status, though regular monitoring is essential to prevent complications such as hypervitaminosis, altered lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.Conclusion: A proactive, individualized approach to nutritional management is essential in CF, emphasizing early intervention, regular screening, and personalized therapy to address the diverse challenges faced by these patients.
Systematic review
Elham Aminifar; Hassan Mehrad-Majd; Yalda Ravanshad; Amirhossein Sahebkar
Abstract
Introduction: Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) are a class of long non-coding RNAs that have been increasingly associated with various cancers and are emerging as key players in cancer progression.This systematic review aimed to analyze the expression patterns and potential roles of SNHG5, SNHG17, ...
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Introduction: Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) are a class of long non-coding RNAs that have been increasingly associated with various cancers and are emerging as key players in cancer progression.This systematic review aimed to analyze the expression patterns and potential roles of SNHG5, SNHG17, and SNHG26 in various solid tumors.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, to identify relevant studies. Initially retrieved papers were screened based on titles and abstracts for relevance, with exclusion criteria applied to eliminate duplicate publications, case reports, conference abstracts, and irrelevant studies.Results: A total of 21 papers met the criteria for this systematic review, focusing on SNHG5 (5 articles), SNHG17 (7 articles), and SNHG26 (9 articles). These studies consistently highlighted the upregulation of SNHG5, SNHG17, and SNHG26 in various cancer types, emphasizing their potential as prognostic and therapeutic targets in solid tumors.Conclusion: The findings suggest a consistent overexpression of SNHG5, SNHG17, and SNHG26 in cancerous tissues, supporting their potential as prognostic markers in solid tumors. Further investigations should consider the regulatory mechanisms of SNHGs and explore their therapeutic implications in cancer management. This review highlights the importance of understanding the roles of SNHGs in cancer progression and calls for continued research efforts.
Systematic review
Amir Amirabadi; Elaheh Askarian; Nasrin Moazzen; Yalda Ravanshad
Abstract
Background/Objective:Head and neck cancer treatment often leads to stomatitis, influenced by multiple factors. Mouthwashes, with diverse formulations, offer potential therapeutic benefits. This study examines the relationship between stomatitis severity improvement post-radiotherapy and mouthwash use, ...
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Background/Objective:Head and neck cancer treatment often leads to stomatitis, influenced by multiple factors. Mouthwashes, with diverse formulations, offer potential therapeutic benefits. This study examines the relationship between stomatitis severity improvement post-radiotherapy and mouthwash use, considering patient characteristics like gender, age, duration, and dosage.Methods:A systematic review (2015–2023) evaluated mouthwash efficacy for radiotherapy-induced stomatitis. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library identified clinical trials, cohort, and case-control studies. Inclusion criteria focused on mouthwash effectiveness; quality was assessed using the Jadad scale.Results:Out of 480 screened studies, 16 met inclusion criteria. Traditional antiseptic mouthwashes (e.g., chlorhexidine) reduced infection risk but had mixed effects on pain and inflammation. Specialized formulations (e.g., aloe vera, honey, benzydamine) improved pain relief and mucosal healing. Combination therapies showed the best outcomes, though study variability limited conclusions.Conclusion:Mouthwashes, from antiseptics to specialized formulations, show potential for managing stomatitis. Antiseptics reduce infection, while specialized products aid pain relief and healing. Personalized interventions and further research are needed to optimize formulations for diverse patients.
Review
Farinaz Noorbakhsh; Mahdieh Vahedi; Hayedeh Pazhand Birjandi
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves a combination of anatomical and biochemical abnormalities. Type 2 diabetes exhibits a genetic predisposition, while type 1 diabetes has an idiopathic, autoimmune background. Dentists can ...
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AbstractBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. Its pathogenesis involves a combination of anatomical and biochemical abnormalities. Type 2 diabetes exhibits a genetic predisposition, while type 1 diabetes has an idiopathic, autoimmune background. Dentists can play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and identification of uncontrolled diabetes. Chronic inflammation and infections in the oral cavity can significantly impact disease management. Therefore, any dental lesions or gingival alterations, including periodontitis, must be treated promptly. After taking a thorough medical and dental history of suspicious cases, appropriate diagnostic tests should be conducted, or the patient should be referred to a physician. Early diagnosis of diabetes is instrumental in preventing both acute and chronic complications. Additionally, patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing severe illness if infected with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The aim of this article is to share the latest information about the two types of diabetes and to highlight how dentists can contribute to their management.Method and Materials: This article provides a compact overview of relevant articles and books published from 2014 to 2024.Conclusion: Dentists play a vital role in the early diagnosis of diabetes and in identifying uncontrolled or poorly controlled cases. Close cooperation between healthcare providers and dentists is essential for effective diabetes management. This collaboration was particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Original article
Salehe Akhondian; morteza ghasemi
Abstract
Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by CFTR gene mutations, leading to thick mucus that affects multiple organs, resulting in maldigestion, malabsorption, and poor appetite. These factors increase energy needs, causing undernutrition in CF patients. Body mass index (BMI) is ...
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Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by CFTR gene mutations, leading to thick mucus that affects multiple organs, resulting in maldigestion, malabsorption, and poor appetite. These factors increase energy needs, causing undernutrition in CF patients. Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used but doesn't differentiate lean body mass (LBM) and bone mass. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provides a more detailed assessment of body composition. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status of children with CF by analyzing fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) using BIA.Methods This study included CF patients aged 7 to 18 years from the Cystic Fibrosis Specialty Clinic at Akbar Children's Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Excluded were patients with pulmonary exacerbation, severe diarrhea-induced dehydration, or those who did not give informed consent. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using the Tanita BC 418 BIA device.Results 47 patients (48.9% female, 51.1% male) with a mean age of 10.74 ± 2.99 years were evaluated. Significant positive correlations were found between FM and weight Z-score (r=0.512, p<0.001), BMI (r=0.430, p=0.003), and BMI Z-score (r=0.633, p<0.001). FFM was strongly correlated with age (r=0.814, p<0.001), height (r=0.931, p<0.001), and weight (r=0.977, p<0.001). The prevalence of low FM and FFM was 21.3% and 40.4%, respectively. Low FM was significantly associated with increased hospital admission (p=0.021, OR=15.62).Conclusion FM and FFM are strongly linked to growth and nutritional indicators in CF, with low FM correlating to more hospital admissions, highlighting the need for targeted nutritional interventions to improve outcomes.