Samaneh Saedi; kiarash ghazvini; Masoud Youssefi; Hadi Safdar; saman soleimanpour; Parviz Afrough; Amir Azimian; hamid solgi; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still one of the most dangerous human pathogens. Identification of the relationships between different clinical strains has remained a high priority for epidemiology research. Methods: In this study, we used MLSA (Multilocus sequence analysis) to generate ...
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AbstractBackground: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still one of the most dangerous human pathogens. Identification of the relationships between different clinical strains has remained a high priority for epidemiology research. Methods: In this study, we used MLSA (Multilocus sequence analysis) to generate a highly robust phylogeny of M. tuberculosis. MLSA, based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was performed on five genes fragments from the Rpsl (302 bp), MprA (559 bp), LipR (322 bp), KatG (488 bp) and Fgd1 (266 bp), in order to identify polymorphic nucleotide sites, and the discriminatory power of each locus for all genes was measured with Hunter‐Gaston Index (HGI). Results: In this study, a sequence type (ST) number was assigned to each unique allelic profile, and 9 sequence types were identified from 20 strains, these imply that there is a high diversity of strains in this area. Conclusion: Our results showed that the presence of high genetic diversity among clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis in Northeast of Iran. There is no evidence for recent transmission. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multi-locus sequence analysis; Molecular epidemiology; Tuberculosis; KatG; Rpsl1. IntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the causative agents of tuberculosis (TB), is one of the most successful human pathogens, infecting nearly one-third of the people all around the world, causing over 9 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths each year [1-2]. Identification of the relationships between different clinical strains of M. tuberculosis has great significance to the public health [3].
Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is remains as one of the most public health concern that approximately 9.9 million individuals were fell ill with TB and 1.5 million people died from this disease (1-2). Routinely, local tuberculosis control programs follow the DOTS (directly-observed treatment, short-course) strategy ...
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Tuberculosis (TB) is remains as one of the most public health concern that approximately 9.9 million individuals were fell ill with TB and 1.5 million people died from this disease (1-2). Routinely, local tuberculosis control programs follow the DOTS (directly-observed treatment, short-course) strategy that introduced by WHO since 2006 (3)In summary, tuberculosis is one of the top health challenge throughout the worldwide that HIV and emergence of drug-resistant TB confounds this problem. Implementation and evaluation of stewardship can helpful strategy to elimination of tuberculosis and curb drug-resistant TB. Development of new antimicrobial stewardship that guarantee treatment adherence and rapid case detection could be associated with decrease TB burden. According to previous literature, antimicrobial stewardship plans containing ongoing healthcare workers’ education, laboratories modification, formulary restriction as well as optimizing the drug dosage and treatment course could increase case detection and appropriate prescription that reduce drug-resistant TB burden in various geographical region.
Masoud Youssefi; Golsa Teimouri; Farnaz Zahedi Avval; kiarash ghazvini; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect to their age and gender, included in the study as the control group. After that, the serum levels of sST2 and IL33 were measured by ELISA sandwich method using commercial Quantikine Human ELISA kit (R&D Systems). The data were finally analyzed by SPSS software. IL-33 levels in the TB group were higher than the healthy controls and a statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 levels between the two groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, IL-33R (ST2) was slightly increased in the TB patients compared to the healthy controls, although statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.083). Regarding the high normal variation of sST2 and the limitations of the present study, it is recommended that future studies of sST2 be performed in with higher number of TB patients.
Mahbobeh Khammar; Sepideh Hassanzadeh; Fatemeh Tara; Malihe Siahsar; Fatemeh Tahmasbi; Masoud Keikha; Kiarash Ghazvini
Abstract
Introduction:In the present study, we evaluated the 4-year antimicrobial resistance trends of several nosocomial pathogens during 2018-2021 in a reffereal Mashhad hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
Methods:In this study, we reviewed the data of 70,234 clinical isolates were registred Infection Control Data of ...
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Introduction:In the present study, we evaluated the 4-year antimicrobial resistance trends of several nosocomial pathogens during 2018-2021 in a reffereal Mashhad hospital, Mashhad, Iran.
Methods:In this study, we reviewed the data of 70,234 clinical isolates were registred Infection Control Data of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) instructions to evaluate trends of antimicrobial resistance over the times.
Results: There were identified (A. baumannii: n = 19,374; K. pneumonia n = 17,206; E. coli n = 23,777; S. epidermidis: n = 9,877). We did not find any significant difference in changes of antimicrobial trends over the time except in minor cases . However, The pattern of antimicrobial drug resistance was gradually differed except E. coli.
Conclusion: our results suggested the overall antimicrobial resistance trends was remins the same level during 2018-2021. It seems that in accessibility and stop prescribing of antibiotics can lead to decreasing antibiotic resistance rate.
kiarash Ghazvini; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluated the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s ...
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The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluated the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s p-value test (18). There were 7 studies met our criteria. These studies were conducted during 2003-2019 in Korea, Japan, United states, China, and Portugal. We evaluated data of 8,068 cases. H. pylori infection was confirmed by ELISA and UBT in these eligible studies (Table 1). The frequency of gastric cancer in habitual high salt intakes with positive H. pylori infection was significantly greater than those preference salty food with negative H. pylori infection (Chi-square: 5.33; p-value: 0.02). Our results suggested that there is a positive association between high salt intake and risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori infected-individuals (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15; p-value: 0.04; I2: 83.6; Q-value: 36.6; Begg’s p-value: 0.13; Egger’s p-value: 0.25) (Fig. 1).
Gastric cancer is one of the top cause of cancer-related death in the world (1). Unfortunately, gastric cancer has a poor-prognosis and untreated early gastric cancer lesions will progress to advanced gastric cancer during 4-5 years (2). Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with multifactorial causes including socio-economic status, diet, environmental condition, genetic polymorphism as well as infectious agents particularly chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori (3). In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced that H. pylori is considered as class I carcinogens and etiologic cause of human gastric cancer (4). However, a high rate of H. pylori infection in areas with a low incidence of gastric cancer remains an enigma (5). It has been suggested that H. pylori infection alone cannot cause gastric cancer without synergistic effects of lifestyle, diet, etc (6-7). On the other hand, there is evidence that dietary salt has an association with gastric adenocarcinoma (8-9). Therefore, it may that H. pylori infection and high salt intakes have synergistic effects in the development of gastric cancer. the previous studies reveal that salt cause upregulation of H. pylori cagA gene during in vitro experiments (10). We performed a comprehensive literature search in several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar using search terms consisting “Helicobacter pylori”, “Salt”, “Gastric cancer”, “Dietary” and “Salt intake” without limitation in time and language. The potential relevant documents were evaluated and the required data such as first author, publication year, country, total cases, the frequency of high salt intake among H. pylori-infected cases with gastric cancer or odds ratio corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), and H. pylori diagnostic test were summarized in Table 1. The odds ratio with 95%CIs was used to evaluate the synergistic effects between high salt intake and H. pylori infection among gastric cancer cases. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index and Cochrane Q-test; In addition, the presence of publication bias was measured using Begg’s p-value and Egger’s p-value test (18). There were 7 case-control studies that met our criteria. These studies were conducted during 2003-2019 in Korea, Japan, United states, China, and Portugal. We evaluated data of 8,068 cases. H. pylori infection was confirmed by ELISA and UBT in these eligible studies (Table 1). The sodium concentration was assessed by history, urinary sodium, as well as Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) in these studies.The frequency of gastric cancer in habitual high salt intakes with positive H. pylori infection was significantly greater than those who preference salty food with negative H. pylori infection (Chi-square: 5.33; p-value: 0.02). Our results suggested that there is a positive association between high salt intake and risk of gastric cancer in H. pylori infected-individuals (OR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15; p-value: 0.04; I2: 83.6; Q-value: 36.6; Begg’s p-value: 0.13; Egger’s p-value: 0.25) (Fig 1). Tsugane et al, 2004 were suggested that there is a significant relation between salt intake and the subsequent risk of gastric cancer in a Japanese population (19). In addition, Ge et al., 2012 provided a systematic review to show the association between Habitual dietary salt intake and risk of developing to gastric cancer using 11 retrospective single-center studies (20).
Mohsen karbalaei; Kiarash Ghazvini; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) infection is caused by an intracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The disease is among the most important infectious diseases, which has dedicated most cases of morbidity and mortality to itself worldwide. The global report of World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 ...
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Tuberculosis (TB) infection is caused by an intracellular bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The disease is among the most important infectious diseases, which has dedicated most cases of morbidity and mortality to itself worldwide. The global report of World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 shows that from 10.7 million infected people in 2018, 1.6 million died. Although the BCG vaccine has been used for about a hundred years, it is only effective in children, but is not able to produce a protective and reliable immunity against adult pulmonary TB. Hence, using an alternative vaccine with high more efficacy than BCG seems to be urgent. The IL-33/ST2 axis forms of IL-33 and ST2, and both of them are the members of IL-1 family. IL-33 is secreted as an alarm in response to cell damages and cellular stress, and ST2 causes stimulation of MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, which is needed for the proper response of infected cells to Mtb and other intracellular pathogens. In Th2 cells, NF-κB enters into the nucleus, and acts as a transcription factor. Finally, cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 are produced which are effective in the prevention of tissue damage. Based on various information, it is recommended that IL-33 can be as a novel therapeutic candidate in post-exposure cases of TB disease.
kiarash ghazvini; Masoud Youssefi; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis is remained as global challenge which is considered as the top cause of human death in worldwide. The presence of lower respiratory tracts microflora can modulate immune response and play important role in susceptibility to TB. The aim of study was comparison ...
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Introduction: Tuberculosis is remained as global challenge which is considered as the top cause of human death in worldwide. The presence of lower respiratory tracts microflora can modulate immune response and play important role in susceptibility to TB. The aim of study was comparison of microbial diversity in lower respiratory tracts microflora of pulmonary tuberculosis patinas and healthy individuals. Methods: In this study, the raw sequences of SRR493275 and SRR493275 were retrieved from European Bioinformatics Institute online database. Then, the raw sequences were filtered by their quality (adapter contamination, low quality as well as low complexity reads) and taxonomic analyzed by online websites including Galaxy/CRS4 and KAIJU online servers. The statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the presence of significant microbial diversity between two groups. Results: We found that microbial taxa were similar between TB and normal except Tenericutes which supplemented in microflora of pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Moreover, the abundance of bacterial genera is significantly divers between TB and healthy groups. Conclusion: There is significant diversities in the lower respiratory tracts microflora of TB and controls. Increasing the abundance of anaerobic genera in TB patients may be suppressed immune response and essential for susceptibility to active pulmonary tuberculosis.
kiarash ghazvini; Masoud Youssefi; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Abstract Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacteria in the stomach, colonizing about one-half of the population in the world, while most of them remain asymptomatic throughout their lives and gastric cancer (GC) occurs in only 1-2% of people. It seems that the final outcomes of Helicobacter ...
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Abstract Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacteria in the stomach, colonizing about one-half of the population in the world, while most of them remain asymptomatic throughout their lives and gastric cancer (GC) occurs in only 1-2% of people. It seems that the final outcomes of Helicobacter pylori infection are dependent on bacterial virulence factors, host genetic characteristics, and the environmental conditions. In this study, we compared the expression of 20 known virulence factors associated with the development of GC in the isolated Helicobacter pylori strains from the Colombian patients belonging to the regions with low and high GC risks. Based on the results of the present study, it was found that the 20 studied virulence factors are closely related with each other and regulate their expressions through the required intermediates. We also showed that the Helicobacter pylori strains belonging to the region with high GC risk were more virulent and have developed into GC by destroying the intercellular bindings, cell skeletal dysregulation, and cell survival and proliferation stimulation, while the H. pylori strains in the region with low GC risk expressed virulence factors related to the chronic inflammation and apoptosis; adhesion factors were also different in both groups.
Masoud Youssefi; Majid Eslami; Mohsen Karbalaei; Masoud Keikha; Kiarash Ghazvini
Abstract
Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division, which could spread or invade various tissues. There are more than 200 types of cancer, including breast, skin, lung, colon, and prostate cancer, and lymphoma, the symptoms and indications of which vary depending on the type of tissues. Cancer has several ...
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Cancer is defined as uncontrolled cell division, which could spread or invade various tissues. There are more than 200 types of cancer, including breast, skin, lung, colon, and prostate cancer, and lymphoma, the symptoms and indications of which vary depending on the type of tissues. Cancer has several treatments with different applications. For instance, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery or their combination are common treatment modalities for cancer. However, a complete cure for cancer has not been achieved yet. On the other hand, novel drugs for cancer treatment are not efficient due to the ability of cancer cells to develop resistance against chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, natural compounds have been reported to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are natural compounds that could be used as dietary supplements in cancer patients. PUFAs are classified into two main categories, including n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. According to the literature, n-3 PUFAs exert protective effects against cancer through the induction of apoptotic pathways and suppressing cell proliferation, while n-6 PUFAs cause tumor formation by inducing cell growth and proliferation. Using PUFAs in combination with chemotherapeutic agents is considered to be an effective approach to the treatment of cancer patients through increasing cancer cell death. This review aimed to discuss the interactive effects of the structure and function of PUFAs on cancer and cell processes through various signaling pathways.
Mohsen Karbalaei; Saman Soleimanpour; Majid Eslami; Bahman Yousefi; Masoud Keikha
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered to be a major public health concern and a successful intracellular pathogen associated with high mortality worldwide. The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only available vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and tubercular meningitis ...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is considered to be a major public health concern and a successful intracellular pathogen associated with high mortality worldwide. The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only available vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) and tubercular meningitis in children. However, BCG is not adequately effective in the treatment of the adults affected to TB. According to the literature, there are controversial data on the potential role of B cells. B cells and humoral immune response play a key role in the amplification of the host immune response against TB. This review study aimed to discuss B cells and humoral immune responses in TB infection and assess its application as a therapeutic option. The monitoring of various B cell phenotypes in TB could be a reliable marker for the prediction of TB in individuals, especially in the latent form. According to the findings, the CMI response (especially Th1 activities) is not sufficient for efficient protection against TB, and B cells and Abs influence the innate immunocytes and Th1, while playing a pivotal role in various outcomes of exposure with tubercle bacilli. Although B cells may contribute to Mtb in the development of active TB, further investigations are required regarding the effects of B cells and humoral immunity on TB pathogenesis and the targeted harmful humoral-mediated response. Moreover, B cells and antibodies could be proper biomarkers to promote the studies regarding the detection of reliable diagnostic tools for the reactivation of latent TB, as well as use as a new generation of therapeutic options.
Masoud Keikha; mohsen Karbalaei Zadeh Babaki; Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca; Jorge Casseb
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus, which is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Evidence suggests that the interaction of HTLV-1 with the cellular-immune system plays a key role in the ...
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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus, which is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) and HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Evidence suggests that the interaction of HTLV-1 with the cellular-immune system plays a key role in the development of HAM/TSP. However, the main mechanism in this regard remains unknown. The present study aimed to review the HAM/TSP pathogenesis, current status of HTLV-1 in Iran, and available treatments for HTLV-1 infection.