Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk; Melika Zamanian; Melika Farshidianfar; Alireza Masoumi; Mohammad Mobin Mirimoghaddam; Elahe Bakhshi; Anoush Azarfar
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has afflicted individuals of all ages, which has a high rate of morbidity and fatality. Although most children with COVID-19 infection experience minor symptoms, a growing proportion of COVID-19 infections in children are linked to a novel multisystem inflammatory ...
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has afflicted individuals of all ages, which has a high rate of morbidity and fatality. Although most children with COVID-19 infection experience minor symptoms, a growing proportion of COVID-19 infections in children are linked to a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome with Kawasaki disease-like clinical features. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a novel hyperinflammatory syndrome that can impact about any organ system. The most frequent symptoms are fever and gastrointestinal disorders, although neurologic and dermatologic manifestations are also well-documented. The clinical symptoms of MIS-C coincide with those of Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, and shock syndrome, making diagnosis challenging. Elevated inflammatory markers are common in MIS-C patients, and an abnormal echocardiogram or electrocardiogram may be present. Intravenous immunoglobulin, anticoagulation, and corticosteroids should all be considered in the treatment of MIS-C patients. Even those with significant cardiovascular involvement, the majority of patients recover without complications. Echocardiographic follow-up is required as coronary aneurysms have been documented. This narrative review is to review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for MIS-C patients in order to increase pediatricians’ knowledge of this novel syndrome.
Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani; Mohammad ali khalilifar; Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh; Gholam Hossein Alishiri; Alireza Shahriary
Abstract
Introduction:Among various proposed pathologic mechanisms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overproduction of autoantibodies is not widely studied. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are target proteins that have affinity toward charged phospholipids. APLs are thought to have pro-thrombotic ...
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Introduction:Among various proposed pathologic mechanisms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, overproduction of autoantibodies is not widely studied. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are target proteins that have affinity toward charged phospholipids. APLs are thought to have pro-thrombotic potentials that increase during thromboembolism. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum aPLs level and COVID-19 mortality, severity, and thrombotic events.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all open access published articles in Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar. Studies evaluating individuals over the age of 18 years who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and had positive aPLs; and provided data on mortality or thrombotic events were included. Results: Of the initially identified 512 articles, 22 studies (overall 1462 patients) were finally included in the analysis. The prevalence of positive aPLs was 48.1%. Among the 372 patients with positive aPLs, 156 patients (41.9%) had severe COVID-19 that indicated a significant relationship between COVID-19 severity and aPLs positivity (p<0.05). The prevalence of thrombotic events in aPLs positive patients was 26.3% that indicated a significant relationship between aPLs positivity and the development of thrombotic events (p=0.03). APLs positivity was related to anytime mortality in COVID-19 patients (p=0.01).Conclusion: The present review demonstrated that aPLs are linked to COVID-19 severity and thrombotic events but not short-term mortality. Further studies with longer follow up periods are warranted.
kamila Hashemzadeh; Ali Esparham; Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh; Konstantinos Triantafyllias; Zahra Mirfeizi; Maryam Sahebari; Mohammad Hassan J Joker; Mandana Khodashahi; Masoumeh Salari; Bita Abbasi; Delaram Omidvar; Mahtab Ghaemi; Hassan Mehrad-Majd
Abstract
Introduction: Health care systems all over the world face numerous challenges as a result of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus that has resulted in increased mortality rates. About 40% of ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients were not severely ill at the time of admission. Thus, by using appropriate ICU ...
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Introduction: Health care systems all over the world face numerous challenges as a result of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus that has resulted in increased mortality rates. About 40% of ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients were not severely ill at the time of admission. Thus, by using appropriate ICU admission predictors, clinicians can identify potential critical patients early on. It can also result in suitable resource allocation and consideration for these patients. Therefore, the current study was done with the aim of identifying clinical characteristics and laboratory data that could predict ICU admission in cases with COVID-19.Methods: This two-center retrospective observational study was done in Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals, Mashhad, Iran. Overall, 334 COVID-19 patients who referred to these hospitals from February to May 2020 were enrolled in this study. The participants were separated into two groups according to ICU admission status. All demographic, clinical, and paraclinical information were extracted from the medical records of the patients. Results: The present study composed of 88 ICU and 246 non-ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients. No significant differences were found in age between the two groups of patients (P=0.154). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that higher levels of CRP (OR=1.01, 95%CI 1.001-1.010, P=0.016), WBC (OR=1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22, P=0.03), and HRCT scores (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.01-1.16, P=0.037) were linked to higher odds of ICU admission.Conclusion: This study suggests that higher levels of CRP, WBC, and LDH, as well as the HRCT score at the time of admission, were potential independent predictors of ICU admission during inpatient treatment in COVID-19 patients.
Anuj Singh; Naveen Khargekar; Divya Khanna; Ashish Kumar Sharma
Abstract
Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance ...
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Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance of community fuelling the social discrimination. The patient can recover the physical wound or diseases but stigma strikes the soul of victim that debilitates the will for survival. Stigma does not only affect the patients only but also the front line warriors excruciating the global emergency. Psychological distress mitigation is still missing in COVID-19 coping strategies. This article is intended to provide an overview of social-stigmatization faced by different sets of population as well as to draw attention over mental health component assimilation in therapeutic measures of COVID-19. To ensure the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the individual, community and society as whole.
Mohaddeseh Sadat Moghaddam; Niyusha Torabzadeh Khorasani; Reza Assaran Darban; Hamid reza Rahimi
Abstract
Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus ...
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Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus was known due to the human SARS-CoV virus, which infected 8,000 people and caused 800 deaths in southeast Asia and Canada. It should be mentioned that in 2012, another coronavirus, called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, infected Saudi Arabia and 27 other countries. The SARS-CoV2 belongs to a family of viruses called Coronaviruses that can infect bats, birds, pigs, cows, and different mammals. Some plant extracts are shown to inhibit microorganism replication and may be utilized in medication to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases, one of which is chamomile. chamomile medicinal plant, that has 120 biologically active compounds, the most necessary of which are flavonoids, like apigenin and luteolin, that are shown to possess antiviral activity.
Mohammad Reza Rouhbakhsh Zahmatkesh; Saman Soleimanpour; Zahra Mirfeizi; Nasrin Milani
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has spread to many countries, is so severe that it progresses rapidly to acute respiratory failure. Therefore, in our paper, we aimed to describe and evaluate the most practical laboratory pro-inflammatory factors to predict the course of severe COVID-19 ...
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has spread to many countries, is so severe that it progresses rapidly to acute respiratory failure. Therefore, in our paper, we aimed to describe and evaluate the most practical laboratory pro-inflammatory factors to predict the course of severe COVID-19 cases.Given the physiopathology of COVID-19 and the consequent immune system hyperactivity, we started to investigate the background pathology of these occurrences aiming to find the prognostic laboratory factors in COVID-19 cases. All reviews focused on the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms causing the cytokine storm in viral diseases, and several studies approved applicable laboratory parameters for COVID-19 patients. Based on our data, increased CRP level, LDH, serum ferritin, creatine kinase (CK), higher D-dimer and FDP levels, IL-6, cardiac troponin I and longer PT can be potential markers for predicting the course of infection; particularly, D-dimer, which was elevated to five times the original count in severe cases. Apart from that, the severe cases showed lymphopenia, neutrophilia, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged PTT. However, there was contradictory evidence about AST, ALT, BUN, and serum creatinine.The major cause of COVID-19 in critical patients was a cytokine storm; therefore, prognostic factors in the cytokine storm can also predict the prognosis of COVID-19. Thus, severe cases can be solved by early detection of these laboratory parameters.
Aradhana Bhargava; ASHISH JAIMAN; HITESH LAL; MOHIT KUMAR PATRALEKH
Abstract
Introduction: In this era of social distancing, dependence on electronic gadgets and devices is ever increasing. Possibility of transmission of COVID -19 from these devices cannot be ruled out. Currently, prevention is the only antidote; considering the mounting evidence of transmission of COVID-19 virus ...
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Introduction: In this era of social distancing, dependence on electronic gadgets and devices is ever increasing. Possibility of transmission of COVID -19 from these devices cannot be ruled out. Currently, prevention is the only antidote; considering the mounting evidence of transmission of COVID-19 virus primarily through respiratory droplets and fomites. Gadgets are one of the most frequently touched appliances; being often used during or after patient examination, while handling specimens or during various patient procedures. Collecting data regarding mobile sanitization is prudent at these times. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize published evidence on mobile sanitization in these COVID times.Methods: PubMed search on “COVID and mobile phone” revealed only 4 articles related to this topic; therefore we have assimilated data from various organizations, websites and articles and have suggested methodology for sanitization of mobile phones and other gadgets.Results: Infection control practices which include information, communication, education and evaluation are the pre-eminent weapons in the fight against hospital transmitted SARS-CoV-2. Minimizing mobile phone usage, sanitizing them with endorsed biocidal agents and advancements in the field of ultraviolet cabinets is a priority.Conclusion: At the same time we shouldn’t forget that sanitization is only one aspect of prevention of this disease; maintaining hand hygiene, use of masks and social distancing must be followed at all times.